Tortricidae

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Cladus: Metapterygota
Infraclassis: Neoptera
Cladus: Eumetabola
Cladus: Endopterygota
Superordo: Panorpida
Cladus: Amphiesmenoptera
Ordo: Lepidoptera
Subordo: Glossata
Cladus: Coelolepida
Cladus: Myoglossata
Cladus: Neolepidoptera
Infraordo: Heteroneura
Cladus: Eulepidoptera
Cladus: Ditrysia
Cladus: Apoditrysia
Superfamilia: Tortricoidea

Familia: Tortricidae
Subfamiliae: Chlidanotinae - Olethreutinae - Tortricinae

References

* Brown, J.W. 2005: Tortricidae (Lepidoptera). World catalogue of insects, 5. Stenstrup: Apollo Books.
* Brown, J.W. & J. Razowski, 2003: Review of Inape Razowski (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Euliini) with description of five new species. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 46(3): 197-208. [1]
* M.Horak & Komai, 2006, Olethreutinae moths of Australia.
* Razowski, J., 1956: Two new Palaearctic species of the genus Cnephasia Curt. (Lepidopters, Tortricidae). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 1(2): 21-30.
* Razowski, J., 1957: Cnephasiinae of Poland (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 1(5): 117-160.
* Razowski, J., 1958: New and little known Palaearctic species of the genus Cnephasiini (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 2(25): 563-606.
* Razowski, J., 1959: European Species of Cnephasiini (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 4(6): 179-424.
* Razowski, J., 1961: Notes on some little known Tortricidae (Lepidoptera). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 5(14): 661-698.
* Razowski, J., 1961: Studies on Cochylidae (Lepidoptera). Part IV. New and little known Palaearctic Cochylidae. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 6(1): 1-8.
* Razowski, J., 1962: Studies on Cochylidae (Lepidoptera). Part VII. Revision of the group Lozopera Steph. of the Genus: Aethes Billb. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 7(13): 391-422.
* Razowski, J., 1963: Tortricoidea (Lepidoptera) from Iran. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 8(5): 251-278.
* Razowski, J., 1964: Studies on the Cochylidae (Lepidoptera). Part IX. Revision of Caradja’s Collection with Descriptions of New Species. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 9(4): 337-354
* Razowski, J., 1964: Discussion of Some Groups of Tortricini (Tortricidae, Lepidoptera) with Descriptions of New Genera and Species. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia, 9(5): 357-416.
* Razowski, J., 1965: The Palaearctic Cnephasiini (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 10(3): 199-344.
* Razowski, J., 1967: South American Cochylidae (Lepidoptera) from the Collection of the British Museum (Natural History). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 12(8): 163-210.
* Razowski, J., 1968: Revision of the Generic Group Agapeta Hübner (Lepidoptera, Cochylidae). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 13(4): 73-102.
* Razowski, J., 1968: Revision of the Genus: Eupoecilia Stephens (Lepidoptera, Cochylidae). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 13(5): 103-130.
* Razowski, J., 1968: Revision of the Generic Group Cochylis Treitschke (Lepidoptera, Cochylidae). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 13(6): 131-148.
* Razowski, J., 1970: A Short Catalogue of the Palaearctic Cochylidae (Lepidoptera). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 15(8): 341-400.
* Razowski, J., 1971: The Type Specimens of the Species of Some Tortricidae (Lepidoptera). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 16(10): 463-542.
* Razowski, J., 1971: Notes on Tortricidae (Lepidoptera) with Descriptions of New Species. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 16(11): 543-556.
* Razowski, J., 1972: Manchurian Tortricoidea (Lepidoptera). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 17(5): 123-130.
* Razowski, J., 1972: The Results of Dr. Z. Kaszab Zoological Expedition to Mongolia. Nr. 273: Tortricidae and Cochylidae (Lepidoptera). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 17(6): 131-162.
* Razowski, J., 1974: Phylogeny and Classification of Lepidoptera. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 19(1): 1-18.
* Razowski, J., 1974: Descriptions of four new species of the Tortricini (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 19(8): 147-154.
* Razowski, J., 1975: New and little known Tortricinae (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 20(3): 107-120.
* Razowski, J., 1975: Review of the Palaearctic Sparganothini (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 20(5): 151-166.
* Razowski, J., 1976: Phylogeny and System of Tortricidae (Lepidoptera). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 21(5): 73-120.
* Razowski, J., 1977: Monograph of the genus Archips Hübner (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 22(5): 55-206.
* Razowski, J., 1977: Catalogue of the Generic Names Used in Tortricidae (Lepidoptera). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 22(6): 207-296.
* Razowski, J., 1978: Notes on Pandemis Hübner (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) with Descriptions of New Species. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 23(4): 55-66.
* Razowski, J., 1979: Revision of the Genus: Clepsis Guenée (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). Part I. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 23(8): 101-198.
* Razowski, J., 1980: Revision of the Genus: Clepsis Guenée (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). Part II. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 24(2): 113-152.
* Razowski, J., 1981: Notes on the System of Polyorthini (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 25(13): 309-318.
* Razowski, J., 1981: Nigerian Tortricini (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). RAZOWSKI, Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 25(14): 319-340.
* Razowski, J., 1981: Revision of the Genus: Aphelia Hübner (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 25(15): 341-388.
* Razowski, J., 1984: Polyorthini (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) in the collection of the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 27(12): 211-234.
* Razowski, J., 1984: Revision of Henricus Busck and description of Parirazona gen. n. (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 27(13): 235-244.
* Razowski, J., 1984: Chinese Archipini (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) from the Höne Collection. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 27(15): 269-286.
* Razowski, J., 1984: Palaearctic Polyorthini (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 27(16): 287-298.
* Razowski, J., 1986: New and Little Known Neotropical Cochylidii (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 29(16): 373-396.
* Razowski, J., 1986 Catalogue of Saphenista Walsm. (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) with Descriptions of New Species. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 29(17): 397-408.
* Razowski, J., 1986: Synopsis of Carolella Busck (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) with Descriptions of New Species and Mimeugnosta gen. n. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 29(18): 409-422.
* Razowski, J., 1986: The Data on Tortricini (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) published after 1966. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 29(19): 423-440.
* Razowski, J., 1987: The Genera of Tortricidae (Lepidoptera). Part I: Palaearctic Chlidanotinae and Tortricinae. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 30(11): 141-355.
* Razowski, J., 1988: New Genera and Species of the Neotropical Archipini (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 31(10): 387-422.
* Razowski, J., 1990: Abdominal scent organs in Tortricidae (Lepidoptera). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 33(25): 521-554.
* Razowski, J., 1990: Descriptions and notes on tropical Tortricini (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 33(28): 575-594.
* Razowski, J., 1991: The catalogue of the species of Tortricidae (Lepidoptera). Part I: Palaearctic Chlidanotinae and Tortricinae: Cochylini, Tortricini, Ceracini and Cnephasiini. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 34 (1): 99-162.
* Razowski, J., 1991: Notes on cochyline genus Phtheochroa Stephens (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) with descriptions of new American species. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 34 (1): 163-187.
* Razowski, J., 1993: The catalogue of the species of Tortricidae (Lepidoptera). Part II: Palaearctic Sparganothini, Euliini and Archipini. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 35 (3)
* Razowski, J., 1993: Cochylini (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) of the Ethiopian Region. Acta zoologica cracoviensia 36 (1): 137-159.
* Razowski, J., 1993: Cochylini (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) from Peru and Bolivia. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 36 (1): 161-181.
* Razowski, J., 1993: Revision of Apotoforma BUSCK, 1932 (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), with descriptions of four other Tortricini species. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia '36 (1): 183-197.
* Razowski, J., 1994: Synopsis of the Neotropical Cochylini (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 37 (2): : 121-320.
* Razowski, J., 1995: The Catalogue of the species of Tortricidae (Lepidoptera). Part III: Afrotropical Chlidanotinae and Tortricinae: Phricanthini, Cochylini and Tortricini. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 38 (2): 183-193.
* Razowski, J., 1995: Proeulia Clarke, 1962, the Western Neotropical Tortricidae (Lepidoptera), with descriptions of five new species and two allied genera. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 38 (2): 271-283.
* Razowski, J., 1995: Catalogue of the species of Tortricidae (Lepidoptera). Part IV: Palaearctic Olethreutinae: Microcorsini, Bactrini and Olethreutini. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 38 (2): 285-324.
* Razowski, J., 1997: Euliini (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) of Peru with description of New taxa and list of the New World genera. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 40 (1): 79-105.
* Razowski, J., 1997: Cochylini (Lepidotera: Tortricidae) of Canada. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 40 (1): 107-163.
* Razowski, J., 1999: Tortricidae (Lepidoptera) from the Dominican Republic. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 42 (2): 307-319.
* Razowski, J., 1999: Tortricidae (Lepidoptera) from Ecuador. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 42 (2): 321-342.
* Razowski, J., 1999: Phylogeny for three Polyorthini genera of the Biclonuncaria Razowski & Becker, 1993 group, with descriptions of new taxa. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 42 (2): 343-348.
* Razowski, J., 1999: Discovery of Rhopobota Lederer, 1859 (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in the Neotropical Region, with description of four new species. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 42 (2): 349-353.
* Razowski, J., 2000, Tortricidae (Lepidoptera) collected in Taiwan, with description of one new genus and eight new species, and a comparison with some regional faunas. Zoological Studies 39 (4): 319-327. Full article: [2]
* Razowski, J., 2002: The genera of Tortricidae (Lepidoptera) common for the Palaearctic and Afrotropical regions. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 45 (3): 197-205. Full article: [3]
* Razowski, J., 2002: Supplements to the descriptions of some Afrotropical and Neotropical Tortricidae (Lepidoptera). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 45 (4): 347-350. Full article: [4]
* Razowski, J., 2003: Reassessment of forewing pattern elements in Tortricidae (Lepidoptera). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 46 (3): 269-275. [5].
* Razowski, J. & V.O. Becker, 1981: Brazilian Polyorthini (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 25(16): 389-404.
* Razowski, J. & V.O. Becker, 1983: Brazilian Cochylidii (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 26(13): 421-464.
* Razowski, J. & V.O. Becker, 1984: Brazilian Species of Clarkeulia Razowski (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 27(14): 245-268.
* Razowski, J. & V.O. Becker, 1986: Cochylidii (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) Collected in Central America and Mexico. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia '29(20): 441-500.
* Razowski, J. & V.O. Becker, 1990: Descriptions and notes on Orthocomotis Dognin (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 33(16): 345-365.
* Razowski, J. & V.O. Becker, 1993: Revision of the cochyline genus Lasiothyris Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), with a description of 8 new species. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 36 (1): 121-136.
* Razowski, J. & V.O. Becker, 1999: Notes on Deltobathra Meyrick, 1923 and Ecnomiomorpha Obraztsov, 1959 (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), with descriptions of new taxa. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 42 (2): 297-306.
* Razowski, J. & V.O. Becker, 2000: Description of nine Neotropical genera of Archipini (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) and their species. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 43 (3-4): 199-216.
* Razowski, J. & V.O. Becker, 2000: Revision of the Neotropical Argyrotaenia Stephens, with notes on Diedra Rubinoff & Powell (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 43 (3-4) : 307-332.
* Razowski, J. & V.O. Becker, 2001: Revision of the Neotropical Euliini Genus: Terinebrica Razowski, 1987 (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 44 (3): 235-251.
* Razowski, J. & V.O. Becker, 2000: Descriptions and notes on Netechma Razowski, 1991 (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 44 (4): 369-390.
* Razowski, J. & V.O. Becker, 2002: Black and white forewing pattern in Tortricidae (Lepidoptera), with descriptions of new taxa of Neotropical Euliini. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 45 (3): 245-257. Full article: [6].
* Razowski, J. & V.O. Becker, 2002: Systematic and faunistic data on Neotropical Cochylini (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), with descriptions of new species. Part.1. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 45 (3): 287-316. Full article: [7].
* Razowski, J. & J. Wojtusiak, 2008: Eight new species of the genera Vulpoxena , Cuproxena and Bidorpitia of the Chrysoxena group of genera from Ecuador. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Genus: 19 (1): 113-123. Full article: [8]
* Razowski, J. & J. Wojtusiak, 2008: Tortricidae from the mountains of Ecuador. Part III. Western Cordillera (Insecta: Lepidoptera). Genus: 19 (3): 497-575. Full article: [9]
* Razowski, J. & J. Wojtusiak, 2009: Tortricidae (Lepidoptera) from the mountains of Ecuador and remarks on their geographical distribution. Part IV. Eastern Cordillera. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 51B (1-2): 119-187. doi:10.3409/azc.52b_1-2.119-187. Full article: [10].
* Razowski, J. & T. Yasuda, 1975: On the Genus: Matsumuraeses Issiki (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 20(2): 89-106.
* Wang, X.P. ; H.H. Li & S.X. Wang, 2003: A study on the genus Homonopsis from China (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Tortricinae). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 46 (4): 339-345. Full article: [11]

Vernacular names
Deutsch: Wickler
Lietuvių: Lapsukiai
Magyar: iloncák
‪Norsk (bokmål)‬: Viklere
Polski: Zwójkowate
Українська: Листовійки

Tortricidae is a family of moths in the order Lepidoptera. They are commonly known as tortrix moths. It is a large family with over 9,400 species described, and is the sole member of the superfamily Tortricoidea. Many of these are economically important pests. Olethreutidae is a junior synonym. The typical resting posture is with the wings folded back producing a rather rounded profile.

Some common Tortricids

The Tortricids include many economically important pests, including :-

* Summer fruit tortrix moth (Adoxophyes orana)
* Fruit tree tortrix moth (Archips podana)
* Rose leaf roller (Archips rosana)
* Argyrotaenia ljungiana, a pest on vines, maize and fruit trees
* Peach moth (Cydia molesta)
* Codling moth (Cydia pomonella)
* Plum fruit moth (Cydia funebrana)
* Pea moth (Cydia nigricana)
* Chestnut and acorn moth (Cydia splendana)
* Grape berry moth (Endopiza viteana)
* Light brown apple moth (Epiphyas postvittana)
* Hemp borer (Grapholita delineana)
* Oriental fruit moth (Grapholita molesta)
* Cherry fruitworm (Grapholita packardi)
* Vine moth (Lobesia botrana)
* Barred fruit tree tortrix moth (Pandemis cerasana)
* Long-palped tortrix (Vine leaf roller) (Sparganothis pilleriana)
* Bud moth (Spilonota ocellana)
* False codling moth (Thaumatotibia (Cryptophlebia) leucotreta)

See also Mexican jumping bean moth (Cydia deshaisiana)

A typical tortricid - the Codling moth

Tortricidae is considered to be the single most important family of insects that feed on apple, both economically and in diversity of feeding found on fruit, buds, leaves and shoots. In New York state, no less than 17 species of Tortricidae have gained pest status in regards to apple production.

The Codling moth Cydia pomonella is the species which causes worm-holes in apples. It has been accidentally spread from its original range in Europe and is now found in North and South America, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand wherever apples are grown. Control has required the use of the harshest available insecticides - historically lead arsenate and DDT were used. These chemicals brought considerable environmental dangers, and in any case the insect gradually developed resistance to them. Currently organophosphate sprays are favoured, timed carefully to catch the hatching larvae before they can bore into the fruit.

References

* Firefly Encyclopedia of Insects and Spiders, edited by Christopher O'Toole, ISBN 1-55297-612-2, 2002

External links

* British Tortricoid Moths.
* Tortricid.net
* Eurasian Tortricidae
* Tortricid Fauna of Apple In New York.(LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE): Including An Account Of Apples' Occurrence In The State, Especially As A Naturalized Plant, written by P.J. Chapman and S.E. Link, Geneva: New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, 1971