Spigelia

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Asterids
Cladus: Lamiids
Ordo: Gentianales

Familia: Loganiaceae
Tribus: Spigelieae
Genus: Spigelia
Species: S. aceifolia – S. aenea – S. alabamensis – S. alborubra – S. amambaiensis – S. amazonica – S. amplexicaulis – S. andersonii – S. andina – S. anthelmia – S. asperifolia – S. ayotzinapensis – S. beccabungoides – S. beyrichiana – S. blanchetiana – S. brachystachya – S. caaguazuensis – S. carnosa – S. cascatensis – S. catarinensis – S. chiapensis – S. chocoensis – S. cipoensis – S. coelostylioides – S. colimensis – S. cremnophila – S. elbakyaniae – S. faveolata – S. flava – S. flemmingiana – S. gentianoides – S. genuflexa – S. glabrata – S. gracilis – S. guerrerensis – S. guianensis – S. hamellioides – S. hatschbachii – S. hedyotidea – S. heliotropioides – S. herzogiana – S. hirtula – S. humboldtiana – S. hurleyi – S. insignis – S. kleinii – S. kuhlmannii – S. laurina – S. leiocarpa – S. linarioides – S. loganioides – S. longiflora – S. luciatlantica – S. lundiana – S. macrophylla – S. marilandica – S. martiana – S. megapotamica – S. mexicana – S. mocinoi – S. nicotianiflora – S. novogranatensis – S. olfersiana – S. palmeri – S. paraguariensis – S. pedunculata – S. persicarioides – S. petiolata – S. polystachya – S. pulchella – S. pusilla – S. pygmaea – S. queretarensis – S. ramosa – S. reitzii – S. riedeliana – S. rojasiana – S. rondoniensis – S. scabrella – S. schlechtendaliana – S. schultesii – S. sellowiana – S. sordida – S. spartioides – S. speciosa – S. sphagnicola – S. splendens – S. spruceana – S. stenocardia – S. stenophylla – S. tetraptera – S. texana – S. trispicata – S. valenzuelae – S. vestita – S. xochiquetzalliana
Name

Spigelia L., Sp. Pl. 1: 149 (1753).
Synonyms

Heterotypic
Anthelmenthia P.Browne, Civ. Nat. Hist. Jamaica: 156 (1756).
Arapabaca Adans., Fam. Pl. 2: 225 (1763).
Canala Pohl, Pl. Bras. Icon. Descr. 2: 62 (1831).
Coelostylis Torr. & A.Gray ex Endl. in S.L.Endlicher & E.Fenzl, Nov. Stirp. Dec.: 33 (1839).
Heinzelmannia Neck., Elem. Bot. 1: 371 (1790).
Montira Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane: 637 (1775).
Pseudospigelia W.Klett, Bot. Arch. 3: 134 (1923).
Liesneria Fern.Casas, Fontqueria 55: 460 (2008).

Homonyms

Spigelia P.Browne = Andira Lam.

Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Continental: Africa (introduced)
Regional: West Tropical Africa
Benin, Burkina, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo.
Regional: West-Central Tropical Africa
Central African Republic, Cameroon, Congo, Gabon, Zaire.
Continental: Asia-Temperate (introduced)
Regional: China
Hainan.
Continental: Asia-Tropical (introduced)
Regional: Indian Subcontinent
India, Sri Lanka.
Regional: Indo-China
Thailand.
Regional: Malesia
Jawa, Lesser Sunda Islands, Malaya, Sumatera.
Continental: Northern America
Regional: North-Central U.S.A.
Illinois.
Regional: South-Central U.S.A.
Texas.
Regional: Southeastern U.S.A.
Alabama, Florida, Kentucky, Tennessee.
Regional: Mexico
Mexico Central, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southwest, Mexico Southeast.
Continental: Southern America
Regional: Central America
Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama.
Regional: Caribbean
Aruba, Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Leeward Islands, Netherlands Antilles, Puerto Rico, Southwest Caribbean, Turks-Caicos Islands, Trinidad-Tobago, Venezuelan Antilles, Windward Islands.
Regional: Northern South America
French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela.
Regional: Western South America
Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru.
Regional: Brazil
Brazil West-Central, Brazil Northeast, Brazil Southeast, Brazil North, Brazil South.
Regional: Southern South America
Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Paraguay, Uruguay.

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References
Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2021. Spigelia in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2021 Oct 4. Reference page.
Tropicos.org 2021. Spigelia. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 4 Oct 2021.
International Plant Names Index. 2021. Spigelia. Published online. Accessed: 4 Oct 2021.
Hassler, M. 2021. World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. . Spigelia. Accessed: 4 Oct 2021.
Hassler, M. 2021. Spigelia. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2021. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2021 Oct 4. Reference page.

Vernacular names
English: pinkroot

Spigelia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Loganiaceae. It contains around 60 species, distributed over the warmer parts of the Americas, from the latitude of Buenos Aires to the Southern United States.[1] It was named after Adriaan van den Spiegel (Adrianus Spigelius) by Carl Linnaeus in his 1753 Species Plantarum; the type species is Spigelia anthelmia.[2] Pinkroot is a common name for plants in this genus.[3]
Species

The following species are recognised by The Plant List:[4]

Spigelia aceifolia Woodson
Spigelia alabamensis (K.R. Gould) K.G. Matthews & Weakley
Spigelia amambaiensis Fern. Casas
Spigelia amazonica Fern.Casas
Spigelia amplexicaulis E.F. Guim. & Fontella
Spigelia andersonii Fern. Casas
Spigelia andina Fern. Casas
Spigelia anthelmia L.
Spigelia araucariensis E.F. Guim. & Fontella
Spigelia asperifolia Progel
Spigelia bahiana L.B. Sm.
Spigelia beccabungoides Kraenzl.
Spigelia beyrichiana Cham. & Schltdl.
Spigelia blanchetiana DC.
Spigelia brachystachya Progel
Spigelia breviflora (Chodat & Hassl.) H.H. Hurley
Spigelia caaguazuensis Kraenzl.
Spigelia carnosa Standl. & Steyerm.
Spigelia cascatensis E.F. Guim. & Fontella
Spigelia catarinensis E.F. Guim. & Fontella
Spigelia chiapensis K.R. Gould
Spigelia coelostylioides K.R. Gould
Spigelia dolichostachya Fern. Casas
Spigelia dusenii L.B. Sm.
Spigelia elsieana Fern. Casas
Spigelia flava Zappi & Harley
Spigelia flemmingiana Cham. & Schltdl.
Spigelia fontellae Fern. Casas
Spigelia gentianoides Chapm.
Spigelia genuflexa Popovkin & Struwe
Spigelia gilgii J.F. Macbr.
Spigelia glabrata Mart.
Spigelia gracilis A. DC.
Spigelia guianensis (Aubl.) Lemée
Spigelia hamelioides Kunth
Spigelia hatschbachii Fern. Casas
Spigelia hedyotidea A. DC.
Spigelia heliotropoides E.F. Guim. & Fontella
Spigelia herzogiana Kraenzl.
Spigelia hirtula Fern. Casas
Spigelia hurleyi Fern. Casas
Spigelia insignis Progel
Spigelia kleinii L.B.Sm.
Spigelia kuhlmannii E.F. Guim. & Fontella-Pereira
Spigelia laevigata Progel
Spigelia laurina Cham. & Schltdl.
Spigelia leiocarpa Benth. ex H.H. Hurley
Spigelia linarioides DC.
Spigelia loganioides (Torr. & A. Gray) A. DC.
Spigelia luciatlantica Fern. Casas
Spigelia lundiana A. DC.
Spigelia macrophylla (Pohl) DC.
Spigelia marilandica L.
Spigelia martiana Cham. & Schltdl.
Spigelia nana Alain
Spigelia nicotianiflora Chodat & Hassl.
Spigelia novogranatensis Fern. Casas
Spigelia olfersiana Cham. & Schltdl.
Spigelia palmeri Rose
Spigelia paraguariensis Chodat
Spigelia paraguayensis Chodat
Spigelia pedunculata Kunth
Spigelia persicarioides Ewan
Spigelia petiolata H.H. Hurley
Spigelia polystachya Klotzsch ex Prog.
Spigelia pulchella Mart.
Spigelia pusilla Mart.
Spigelia pygmaea D.N. Gibson
Spigelia ramosa L.B. Sm.
Spigelia reitzii L.B. Sm.
Spigelia riedeliana (Progel) E.F. Guim. & Fontella
Spigelia riparia L.B. Sm.
Spigelia rojasiana Kraenzl.
Spigelia rondoniensis Fern. Casas
Spigelia scabra Cham. & Schltdl.
Spigelia scabrella Benth.
Spigelia schlechtendaliana Mart.
Spigelia sellowiana Cham. & Schltdl.
Spigelia sordida Fern. Casas
Spigelia spartioides Cham. & Schltdl.
Spigelia speciosa Kunth
Spigelia splendens H. Wendl. ex Hook.
Spigelia stenocardia (Standl.) Fern. Casas
Spigelia stenophylla Progel
Spigelia tetraptera Taub.
Spigelia texana (Torr. & A. Gray) A. DC.
Spigelia trispicata H.H. Hurley ex K.R. Gould
Spigelia valenzuelae Chodat & Hassl.
Spigelia vestita L.B. Sm.

References

Alex V. Popovkin; Katherine G. Mathews; José Carlos Mendes Santos; M. Carmen Molina & Lena Struwe (2011). "Spigelia genuflexa (Loganiaceae), a new geocarpic species from the Atlantic forest of northeastern Bahia, Brazil". PhytoKeys (6): 47–65. doi:10.3897/phytokeys.6.1654. PMC 3261033. PMID 22287919.
Nathaniel Lord Britton & Addison Brown (1896). "2. Spigèlia L. Sp. Pl. 149. 1753". An Illustrated Flora of the Northern United States, Canada and the British Possessions. Vol. 2. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. p. 730. Archived from the original on 18 September 2011.
USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Spigelia". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 25 November 2015.

"Spigelia". The Plant List. Retrieved 26 March 2015.

External links
Alejandra Martins (September 23, 2011). "New species of genuflecting plant buries its own seeds". BBC News. Retrieved September 24, 2011.