Scyphiphora

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Asterids
Cladus: Lamiids
Ordo: Gentianales

Familia: Rubiaceae
Subfamilia: Ixoroideae
Tribus: Scyphiphoreae
Genus: Scyphiphora
Species: S. hydrophylacea
Name

Scyphiphora C.F.Gaertn., Suppl. Carp.: 91. (1806)

monotypic taxon

Synonyms

Heterotypic
Epithinia Jack, Malayan Misc. 1: 12. (1820)

References

Gaertner, C.F. von 1806. Supplementum Carpologiae 91, pl. 196, f. 2.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2019. Scyphiphora in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2019 Jan. 18. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2019. Scyphiphora. Published online. Accessed: Jan. 18 2019.
Tropicos.org 2019. Scyphiphora. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 18 Jan. 2019.

Scyphiphora is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is the only genus in the tribe Scyphiphoreae. The genus contains only one species, viz. Scyphiphora hydrophylacea, which has a large distribution range from India, to tropical Asia and the western Pacific.[1] It is a shrub of about 3 m (10 ft) and is often found in mangrove forests or sandy beaches. Its local common names include nilad or sagasa in the Philippines, ngam in Thailand, côi in Vietnam, and chengam in Malaysia.[2]

Description
Fruiting twig
Flowers

Its leaves are opposite. The leaf blades are broad and drop-shaped. Its terminal buds and young leaves are coated with a varnish-like substance. The flowers are tubular and have four white lobes that are tinged pink. They are arranged in dense clusters. The fruits are elliptic and deeply ridged, becoming light brown and buoyant when ripe.
Uses

Its dark brown wood can be used to craft small objects. Leaf extracts are known to be helpful for stomach aches.[3] The flowers can be used as a cleansing or whitening laundry agent.
Culture
Main article: Manila § Etymology

One popular — but antiquated and less linguistically plausible — etymology for Manila, the capital city of the Philippines, asserts that the city's name derives from this shrub, locally known as nilad. However, from a linguistic perspective it would have been unlikely for native Tagalog speakers to completely drop the final consonant /d/ in nilad to achieve the present native form of the name ("Maynilà").[4]

The indigo plant is called either nilà or nilad.in Tagalog.[5]
Chemistry

The plant contains friedelin, syringic acid, isoscopoletin, fraxetol, casuarinondiol and guaiacylglycerol-beta-ferulic acid ether.[6]
References

"Search results for Scyphiphora". The Plant List. Retrieved 1 March 2016.
"Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea". Retrieved 20 August 2018.
"Mangrove flora: Chengam (scyphiphora hydrophyllacea)".
Baumgartner, Joseph (March 1975). "Manila — Maynilad or Maynila?". Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society. 3 (1): 52–54. JSTOR 29791188.
English, Leo (1986). Tagalog-English Dictionary. Mandaluyong City, Philippines: National Book Store. p. 932. ISBN 971-08-4465-2.
Tao, SH; Gao, GC; Qi, SH; Li, QX; Zhang, S (2009). "[Studies on the chemical constituents of Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea (II)]". Zhong Yao Cai. 32 (5): 712–4. PMID 19771844.