Salvia pachyphylla

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Asterids
Cladus: Lamiids
Ordo: Lamiales

Familia: Lamiaceae
Subfamilia: Nepetoideae
Tribus: Mentheae
Subtribus: Salviinae
Genus: Salvia
Subgenus: S. subg. Sclarea
Sectio: S. sect. Echinosphace
Species: Salvia pachyphylla
Subspecies: S. p. subsp. eremopictus – S. p. subsp. meridionalis – S. p. subsp. pachyphylla
Name

Salvia pachyphylla Epling in Munz, Man. S.Calif. 445, 600. 1935.

Synonyms

Replaced synonym
Salvia carnosa var. compacta H.M.Hall, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 1: 111 (1902), nom. superfl.
Homotypic
Salvia compacta Munz, Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 26: 22 (1927), nom. illeg.
Heterotypic
Audibertia incana var. pachystachya A.Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 2(1): 461 (1886).
Audibertia pachystachya (A.Gray) Parish, Erythea 6: 91 (1898).
Ramona pachystachya (A.Gray) A.Heller, Muhlenbergia 1: 4 (1900).

Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Continental: Northern America
Regional: Southwestern USA
Arizona, California, Nevada
Regional: Mexico
Mexico Northwest

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References
Primary references

Epling, C.C. in Munz, P.A. 1935. Manual of Southern California Botany 445, 600.

Additional references

Taylor, R.M. & Ayers, T.J. 2006. Systematics of Salvia pachyphylla (Lamiaceae) Madroño 53: 11-24. PDF Reference page.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2022. Salvia pachyphylla in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2022 May 14. Reference page.
Hassler, M. 2022. Salvia pachyphylla. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2022. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2022 May 14. Reference page.
Tropicos.org 2022. Salvia pachyphylla. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 14 May 2022.
International Plant Names Index. 2022. Salvia pachyphylla. Published online. Accessed: May 14 2022.

Vernacular names
English: Blue sage, Mountain desert sage

Salvia pachyphylla (Blue sage, Mountain desert sage) is a perennial shrub native to California, Nevada, and Arizona. In California, it grows between 5,000 to 10,000 ft (1,500 to 3,000 m) elevation on dry rocky slopes, blooming from July to September. It reaches 1 to 2 ft (0.30 to 0.61 m) high, with blue-violet flowers, rarely rose, growing in dense clusters.[1][2]
Chemical structure of pachyphyllone

In the course of a study of the chemical composition of the flora used in Latin American traditional medicine, Ivan C. Guerrero and coworkers have performed phytochemical studies of extracts of the aerial parts from Salvia pachyphylla and Salvia clevelandii . The major secondary metabolites were isolated from these species and the in vitro cytotoxic effects against five human cancer cells were reported for eight of the compounds obtained: carnosol, rosmanol, 20-deoxocarnosol, carnosic acid, isorosmanol, 7-methoxyrosmanol, 5,6-didehydro-O-methylsugiol, 8β-hydroxy-9(11),13-abietadien-12-one, 11,12-dioxoabieta-8,13-diene, and 11,12-dihydroxy-20-norabieta-5(10),8,11,13-tetraen-1-one, and pachyphyllone.[3]
References

Vizgirdas, Ray S.; Edna M. Rey-Vizgirdas (2006). Wild Plants of the Sierra Nevada. University of Nevada Press. p. 120. ISBN 978-0-87417-535-6.
McMinn, Howard (1951). An illustrated manual of California shrubs. University of California Press. p. 475. ISBN 978-0-520-00847-2.
Ivan C. Guerrero, Lucia S. Andres, Leticia G. Leon, Ruben P. Machin, Jose M. Padron, Javier G. Luis, and Jose Delgadillo. Abietane Diterpenoids from Salvia pachyphylla and S. clevelandii with Cytotoxic Activity against Human Cancer Cell Lines. J. Nat. Prod. (2006) 69, 1803-1805