Ruta

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Rosids
Cladus: Eurosids II
Ordo: Sapindales

Familia: Rutaceae
Subfamilia: Rutoideae
Genus: Ruta
Species: R. angustifolia – R. chalepensis – R. corsica – R. graveolens – R. lamarmorae – R. lindsayi – R. microcarpa – R. montana – R. oreojasme – R. pinnata
Name

Ruta L. (1753)

Type species: R. graveolens L.

Synonyms

Homotypic
Ruta sect. Euruta Bubani, Fl. Pyren. (Bubani) 3: 357 (1901) BHL.
Heterotypic
Desmophyllum Webb & Berthel.

References

Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species Plantarum. Tomus I: 383. Reference page.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2020. Ruta in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2020 Nov. 26. Reference page.

Vernacular names
čeština: routa
Deutsch: Weinraute
English: Rue
suomi: Ruudat
français: Rue
македонски: Седефче
Nederlands: Wijnruit
norsk nynorsk: Vinruteslekta
norsk: Vinruteslekten
svenska: Vinrutesläktet
Türkçe: Sedef otu

Ruta (commonly known as rue) is a genus of strongly scented evergreen subshrubs, 20–60 cm tall, in the family Rutaceae, native to the Mediterranean region, Macaronesia and southwest Asia. About ten species are accepted in the genus. The most well-known species is Ruta graveolens (rue or common rue).

The leaves are bipinnate or tripinnate, with a feathery appearance, and green to strongly glaucous blue-green in colour. The flowers are yellow, with 4–5 petals, about 1 cm diameter, and borne in cymes. The fruit is a 4–5-lobed capsule, containing numerous seeds.

Species

As of September 2021, Plants of the World Online accepted ten species:[1]

Ruta angustifolia Pers.
Ruta chalepensis L.
Ruta corsica DC.
Ruta graveolens L.
Ruta lamarmorae Bacch., Brullo & Giusso
Ruta lindsayi Turrill
Ruta microcarpa Svent.
Ruta montana (L.) L.
Ruta oreojasme Webb
Ruta pinnata L.f.

Medicinal uses
Effect of common rue on skin in hot weather

Extracts from rue have been used to treat eyestrain, sore eyes, and as insect repellent.[2][unreliable medical source?] Rue has been used internally as an antispasmodic, as a treatment for menstrual problems, as an abortifacient, and as a sedative.[3][unreliable medical source?] Ruta graveolens and Ruta chalepensis are often confused in scientific literature.[4]
Traditional uses

Since medieval times, rue has been used as an additive to wines (both white and red) to enhance its flavour and its keeping properties. The Dutch name wijnruit, translates as wine rue. In Italy, rue is added to grappa to produce Grappa alla Ruta. Rue's toxicity has long been known but since it appears to be slight it has been used as an additive in wine for a long time.
Precautions

Caution should be taken with using rue topically. Applied to the skin with sun exposure, the oil and leaves can cause blistering.[5] Some people are much more sensitive than others.
References

"Ruta L.". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2021-09-15.
J. G. Vaughan; P. A. Judd (2006). The Oxford Book of Health Foods. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-280680-2.
J. G. Vaughan; P. A. Judd (2003). The Oxford Book of Health Foods. Oxford University Press. p. 137. ISBN 0-19-850459-4.
Kannan R, Babu UV (July 2012). "Identity and pharmacognosy of Ruta graveolens Linn". Anc Sci Life. 32 (1): 16–9. doi:10.4103/0257-7941.113792. PMC 3733200. PMID 23929988.
Kimberly Eickhorst, Vincent DeLeo & Joan Csaposs (2007). "Rue the herb: Ruta graveolens-associated phytophototoxicity". Dermatitis. 18 (1): 52–55. doi:10.2310/6620.2007.06033. PMID 17303046.