Phlomis tuberosa

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Asterids
Cladus: Lamiids
Ordo: Lamiales

Familia: Lamiaceae
Subfamilia: Lamioideae
Tribus: Phlomideae
Genus: Phlomoides
Species: Phlomoides tuberosa
Name

Phlomoides tuberosa (L.) Moench, Methodus: 403. 1794.
Synonyms

Basionym
Phlomis tuberosa L., Sp. Pl. 2: 586. 1753.
Homotypic
Phlomidopsis tuberosa (L.) Link, Handbuch 1: 480. 1829.
Trambis tuberosa (L.) Raf., Fl. Tellur. 3: 87. 1837.
Phlomitis tuberosa (L.) Rchb. ex T.Nees, Gen. Fl. Germ. 2(7): 43. 1843.
Heterotypic
Orlowia rossica Gueldenst. ex Georgi, Beschr. Russ. Reich. 3(5): 1089. 1800.
Phlomis tuberosa var. discolor K.Koch, Linnaea 21: 700. 1849.
Phlomis hypanica Des.-Shost., Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 8: 33. 1938.
Phlomis maeotica Des.-Shost., Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 8: 36. 1938.
Phlomis scythica Klokov & Des.-Shost., Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 8: 31. 1938.
Phlomis desertorum P.A.Smirn., Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol., n.s., 48(5-6): 117. 1939.
Phlomoides desertorum (P.A.Smirn.) Mavrodiev & Sukhor., Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, B 104: 701. 2003.
Phlomis glandulifera Klokov, Fl. RSS Ukr. 9: 643. 1960.
Phlomis jailicola Klokov, Fl. RSS Ukr. 9: 643. 1960.
Phlomis piskunovii Klokov, Fl. RSS Ukr. 9: 642. 1960.
Phlomis stepposa Klokov, Fl. RSS Ukr. 9: 642. 1960.

Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Continental: Europe
Regional: Middle Europe
Austria, Czechoslovakia, Germany (extinct), Hungary
Regional: Southeastern Europe
Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Romania, former Yugoslavia
Regional: Eastern Europe
Krym, Central European Russia, East European Russia, South European Russia, Northwest European Russia (alien), Ukraine
Continental: Asia-Temperate
Regional: Siberia
Altay, Buryatiya, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, West Siberia, Yakutiya
Regional: Russian Far East
Amur, Khabarovsk, Primorye
Regional: Middle Asia
Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan
Regional: Caucasus
North Caucasus, Transcaucasus
Regional: Western Asia
Iran, Turkey
Regional: China
Inner Mongolia (Nei Mongol), Manchuria (Heilongjiang), Xinjiang
Regional: Mongolia
Mongolia

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References
Primary references

Moench, C. 1794. Methodus Plantas Horti Botanici et Agri Marburgensis. 780 pp., Marburgi Cattorum: Nova Libraria Academiae. BHL Reference page. : 403

Additional references

Govaerts, R.H.A. 2003. World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Database in ACCESS: 1-216203. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. [unavailable for the public] Reference page.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2022. Phlomoides tuberosa in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2022 Mar 30. Reference page.
Hassler, M. 2022. Phlomoides tuberosa. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2022. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2022 Mar 30. Reference page.
Tropicos.org 2022. Phlomoides tuberosa. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 30 Mar 2022.
International Plant Names Index. 2022. Phlomoides tuberosa. Published online. Accessed: Mar 30 2022.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Phlomoides tuberosa in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 07-Oct-06.

Vernacular names
Deutsch: Knollen-Brandkraut
eesti: Mugul-tuliürt
suomi: Mukulapaloyrtti
русский: Зопник клубненосный

Phlomoides tuberosa (syn. Phlomis tuberosa) is a perennial flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae native to China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Russia; SW Asia and Europe. Enlarged, tuberous roots give rise to erect stems to 150 cm bearing purple-red flowers.[2]
Chemistry

Phytochemical analyses of Phlomoides tuberosa leaves have found flavonoids apigenin, apigenin-7-O-glucuronide, luteolin, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, luteolin-7-О-glucuronide, orientin, isoorientin,[3][4][5][6] phenylpropanoids acteoside (verbascoside), forsythoside B,[7] decaffeoyl-acteoside, leucosceptoside A, marthynoside, neolignanes,[8] iridoids sesamoside, 5-desoxy-sesamoside, shanzhiside methyl ester, lamalbide,[9] 8-O-acetyl-shanzhiside, phloyoside I, chlorotuberoside,[8] sterols, triterpenes oleanolic acid, ursolic acid.[10] Dried leaves of plants collected in Buryatia yielded 0.02% of essential oil with a weak aroma with dominant phytol, linalool, eugenol and caryophyllene oxide.[11] The seed has yielded 11.8% of oil, including 3.3% gadoleic acid and some fatty acids containing the unusual allene group, 25.1% laballenic acid and 2.9% phlomic acid.[12] The roots shown the presence of oligosaccharides raffinose, stachyose, verbascose, flavonoids luteolin, linarin, quercitrin, phenylpropanoids acteoside, isoacteoside (isoverbascoside), forsythoside B, chlorogenic acid, decaffeoyl-acteosyde, iridoids shazhiside methyl ester, 8-O-acetyl-shanzhiside methyl ester, 8-O-acetyl-shanzhigenin methyl ester, floyoside I, phlotuberosides I and II, phlorigidoside C, diterpenes (abietanes, labdanes).[13][14]
Uses

The Kalmyks are said to have eaten the cooked root, calling the plant bodmon sok.[15] Another source for Mongolia has the plant used as a folk restorative medicine against intoxication, tuberculosis, pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases and rheumatoid arthritis.[13] Buryat lamas used some part of the plant to treat diarrhoea, eye and lung disease and as a sedative.[11]

The cultivar 'Amazone' has won the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[16]

References

The Plant List, Phlomoides tuberosa (L.) Moench
"Flora of China". eFloras. Flora of China Project. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
Glyzin, V. I.; Peshkova, V. A.; Khokhrina, T. A. (November 1972). "Luteolin 7-β-D-glucosiduronic acid from Phlomis tuberosa". Chemistry of Natural Compounds. 8 (6): 785. doi:10.1007/BF00564614. ISSN 0009-3130.
Vavilova, N. K.; Gella, É. V. (March 1973). "Homoorientin from Phlomis tuberosa". Chemistry of Natural Compounds. 9 (2): 282. doi:10.1007/BF00563376. ISSN 0009-3130.
Vavilova, N. K.; Gella, É. V. (March 1973). "Flavonoids from Phlomis tuberosa". Chemistry of Natural Compounds. 9 (2): 147–149. doi:10.1007/BF00563331. ISSN 0009-3130. S2CID 4814897.
Khokhrina, T. A.; Peshkova, V. A.; Glyzin, V. I. (November 1973). "Flavonoids from Phlomis tuberosa". Chemistry of Natural Compounds. 9 (6): 769. doi:10.1007/BF00565810. ISSN 0009-3130.
Ersöz, Tayfun; Ivancheva, Stefanka; Akbay, Pinar; Sticher, Otto; Çalış, İhsan (2001-10-01). "Iridoid and Phenylethanoid Glycosides from Phlomis tuberosa L." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C. 56 (9–10): 695–698. doi:10.1515/znc-2001-9-1004. ISSN 1865-7125. PMID 11724370.
Calis, Ihsan; Kirmizibekmez, Hasan; Ersoz, Tayfun; Dönmez, Ali A.; Gotfredsen, Charlotte H.; Jensen, Søren R. (2005-12-01). "Iridoid Glucosides from Turkish Phlomis tuberosa". Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B. 60 (12): 1295–1298. doi:10.1515/znb-2005-1214. ISSN 1865-7117. S2CID 102091367.
Alipieva, Kalina Iv.; Jensen, Soren R.; Franzyk, Henrik; Handjieva, Nedjalka V.; Evstatieva, Ljuba N. (2000-04-01). "Iridoid Glucosides from Phlomis tuberosa L. and Phlomis herba-ventis L.". Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C. 55 (3–4): 137–140. doi:10.1515/znc-2000-3-402. ISSN 1865-7125. PMID 10817200. S2CID 44366648.
Janicsák, Gábor; Veres, Katalin; Zoltán Kakasy, András; Máthé, Imre (May 2006). "Study of the oleanolic and ursolic acid contents of some species of the Lamiaceae". Biochemical Systematics and Ecology. 34 (5): 392–396. doi:10.1016/j.bse.2005.12.004.
Olennikov, D.N.; Dudareva, L.V.; Tankhaeva, L.M. (2010). "Chemical Composition of essential oils from Galeopsis bifida and Phlomoides tuberosa". Chemistry of Natural Compounds. 46 (2): 316–318. doi:10.1007/s10600-010-9602-9. S2CID 42724592. Retrieved 9 December 2016.
Aitzetmüller, Kurt; Tsevegüren, Nanzad (1998). "Phlomic Acid in Lamioideae Seed Oils" (PDF). Lamiales Newsletter (Kew) (6): 13–16. Retrieved 9 December 2016.
Yang, Yingbo; Gu, Lihua; Xiao, Ying; Liu, Qing; Hu, Haijun; Wang, Zhengtao; Chen, Kaixian (2015). "Rapid Identification of α-Glucosidase Inhibitors from Phlomis tuberosa by Sepbox Chromatography and Thin-Layer Chromatography Bioautography". PLOS ONE. 10 (2): e0116922. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0116922. PMC 4319760. PMID 25658100.
Olennikov, D. N.; Chirikova, N. K. (March 2017). "Phlotuberosides I and II, New Iridoid Glycosides from Phlomoides tuberosa". Chemistry of Natural Compounds. 53 (2): 269–272. doi:10.1007/s10600-017-1968-5. ISSN 0009-3130. S2CID 45174280.
Pickering, Charles (1879). Chronological History of Plants. Boston: Little, Brown, and Company. p. 793. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
"Phlomis tuberosa 'Amazone'". RHS. Retrieved 18 January 2021.Phlomoides tuberosa (syn. Phlomis tuberosa) is a perennial flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae native to China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Russia; SW Asia and Europe. Enlarged, tuberous roots give rise to erect stems to 150 cm bearing purple-red flowers.[2]
Chemistry

Phytochemical analyses of Phlomoides tuberosa leaves have found flavonoids apigenin, apigenin-7-O-glucuronide, luteolin, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, luteolin-7-О-glucuronide, orientin, isoorientin,[3][4][5][6] phenylpropanoids acteoside (verbascoside), forsythoside B,[7] decaffeoyl-acteoside, leucosceptoside A, marthynoside, neolignanes,[8] iridoids sesamoside, 5-desoxy-sesamoside, shanzhiside methyl ester, lamalbide,[9] 8-O-acetyl-shanzhiside, phloyoside I, chlorotuberoside,[8] sterols, triterpenes oleanolic acid, ursolic acid.[10] Dried leaves of plants collected in Buryatia yielded 0.02% of essential oil with a weak aroma with dominant phytol, linalool, eugenol and caryophyllene oxide.[11] The seed has yielded 11.8% of oil, including 3.3% gadoleic acid and some fatty acids containing the unusual allene group, 25.1% laballenic acid and 2.9% phlomic acid.[12] The roots shown the presence of oligosaccharides raffinose, stachyose, verbascose, flavonoids luteolin, linarin, quercitrin, phenylpropanoids acteoside, isoacteoside (isoverbascoside), forsythoside B, chlorogenic acid, decaffeoyl-acteosyde, iridoids shazhiside methyl ester, 8-O-acetyl-shanzhiside methyl ester, 8-O-acetyl-shanzhigenin methyl ester, floyoside I, phlotuberosides I and II, phlorigidoside C, diterpenes (abietanes, labdanes).[13][14]
Uses

The Kalmyks are said to have eaten the cooked root, calling the plant bodmon sok.[15] Another source for Mongolia has the plant used as a folk restorative medicine against intoxication, tuberculosis, pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases and rheumatoid arthritis.[13] Buryat lamas used some part of the plant to treat diarrhoea, eye and lung disease and as a sedative.[11]

The cultivar 'Amazone' has won the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[16]

References

The Plant List, Phlomoides tuberosa (L.) Moench
"Flora of China". eFloras. Flora of China Project. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
Glyzin, V. I.; Peshkova, V. A.; Khokhrina, T. A. (November 1972). "Luteolin 7-β-D-glucosiduronic acid from Phlomis tuberosa". Chemistry of Natural Compounds. 8 (6): 785. doi:10.1007/BF00564614. ISSN 0009-3130.
Vavilova, N. K.; Gella, É. V. (March 1973). "Homoorientin from Phlomis tuberosa". Chemistry of Natural Compounds. 9 (2): 282. doi:10.1007/BF00563376. ISSN 0009-3130.
Vavilova, N. K.; Gella, É. V. (March 1973). "Flavonoids from Phlomis tuberosa". Chemistry of Natural Compounds. 9 (2): 147–149. doi:10.1007/BF00563331. ISSN 0009-3130. S2CID 4814897.
Khokhrina, T. A.; Peshkova, V. A.; Glyzin, V. I. (November 1973). "Flavonoids from Phlomis tuberosa". Chemistry of Natural Compounds. 9 (6): 769. doi:10.1007/BF00565810. ISSN 0009-3130.
Ersöz, Tayfun; Ivancheva, Stefanka; Akbay, Pinar; Sticher, Otto; Çalış, İhsan (2001-10-01). "Iridoid and Phenylethanoid Glycosides from Phlomis tuberosa L." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C. 56 (9–10): 695–698. doi:10.1515/znc-2001-9-1004. ISSN 1865-7125. PMID 11724370.
Calis, Ihsan; Kirmizibekmez, Hasan; Ersoz, Tayfun; Dönmez, Ali A.; Gotfredsen, Charlotte H.; Jensen, Søren R. (2005-12-01). "Iridoid Glucosides from Turkish Phlomis tuberosa". Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B. 60 (12): 1295–1298. doi:10.1515/znb-2005-1214. ISSN 1865-7117. S2CID 102091367.
Alipieva, Kalina Iv.; Jensen, Soren R.; Franzyk, Henrik; Handjieva, Nedjalka V.; Evstatieva, Ljuba N. (2000-04-01). "Iridoid Glucosides from Phlomis tuberosa L. and Phlomis herba-ventis L.". Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C. 55 (3–4): 137–140. doi:10.1515/znc-2000-3-402. ISSN 1865-7125. PMID 10817200. S2CID 44366648.
Janicsák, Gábor; Veres, Katalin; Zoltán Kakasy, András; Máthé, Imre (May 2006). "Study of the oleanolic and ursolic acid contents of some species of the Lamiaceae". Biochemical Systematics and Ecology. 34 (5): 392–396. doi:10.1016/j.bse.2005.12.004.
Olennikov, D.N.; Dudareva, L.V.; Tankhaeva, L.M. (2010). "Chemical Composition of essential oils from Galeopsis bifida and Phlomoides tuberosa". Chemistry of Natural Compounds. 46 (2): 316–318. doi:10.1007/s10600-010-9602-9. S2CID 42724592. Retrieved 9 December 2016.
Aitzetmüller, Kurt; Tsevegüren, Nanzad (1998). "Phlomic Acid in Lamioideae Seed Oils" (PDF). Lamiales Newsletter (Kew) (6): 13–16. Retrieved 9 December 2016.
Yang, Yingbo; Gu, Lihua; Xiao, Ying; Liu, Qing; Hu, Haijun; Wang, Zhengtao; Chen, Kaixian (2015). "Rapid Identification of α-Glucosidase Inhibitors from Phlomis tuberosa by Sepbox Chromatography and Thin-Layer Chromatography Bioautography". PLOS ONE. 10 (2): e0116922. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0116922. PMC 4319760. PMID 25658100.
Olennikov, D. N.; Chirikova, N. K. (March 2017). "Phlotuberosides I and II, New Iridoid Glycosides from Phlomoides tuberosa". Chemistry of Natural Compounds. 53 (2): 269–272. doi:10.1007/s10600-017-1968-5. ISSN 0009-3130. S2CID 45174280.
Pickering, Charles (1879). Chronological History of Plants. Boston: Little, Brown, and Company. p. 793. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
"Phlomis tuberosa 'Amazone'". RHS. Retrieved 18 January 2021.a