Phlomis

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Asterids
Cladus: Lamiids
Ordo: Lamiales

Familia: Lamiaceae
Subfamilia: Lamioideae
Tribus: Phlomideae
Genus: Phlomis
Species

P. amanica – P. angustissima – P. anisodonta – P. antiatlantica – P. armeniaca – P. aucheri – P. aurea – P. bourgaei – P. bovei – P. brachyodon – P. brevibracteata – P. brevidentata – P. brevilabris – P. bruguieri – P. brunneogaleata – P. bucharica – P. cancellata – P. capitata – P. carica – P. cashmeriana – P. cashmirica – P. chimerae – P. chorassanica – P. chrysophylla – P. cretica – – P. cyclodon – P. cypria – P. dincii – P. drobovii – P. elliptica – P. elongata – P. floccosa – P. fruticetorum – P. fruticosa – P. ghilanensis – P. grandiflora – P. herba-venti – P. hypoleuca – P. integrifolia – P. iranica – P. isiliae – P. italica – P. kotschyana – P. kurdica – P. lanata – P. lanceolata – P. leucophracta – P. linearifolia – P. linearis – P. longifolia – P. lunariifolia – P. lurestanica – P. lychnitis – P. lycia – P. majkopensis – P. mazandaranica – P. monocephala – P. mindshelkensis – P. nana – P. nissolii – P. nubilans – P. nyalamensis – P. olgae – P. olivieri – P. oppositiflora – P. orientalis – P. pachyphylla – P. persica – P. physocalyx – P. pichleri – P. platystegia – P. polioxantha – P. purpurea – P. regelii – – P. russeliana – P. salicifolia – P. samia – P. sewerzowii – P. sieheana – P. sintenisii – P. spinidens – P. stewartii – P. syriaca – P. tathamiorum – P. tenorei – P. tenuis – P. thapsoides – P. tomentosa – P. trineura – P. viscosa – P. zenaidaeP. rigidaP. crinita
Nothospecies

P. × alanyensis – P. × bornmuelleri – P. × cilicica – P. × commixta – P. × composita – P. × cytherea – P. × ekimii – P. × kalanensis – P. × margaritae – P. × melitenensis – P. × mobullensis – P. × muglensis – P. × pabotii – P. × praetervisa – P. × rechingeri – P. × semiorbata – P. × sieberi – P. × stapfiana – P. × termessi – P. × tunceliensis – P. × vierhapperi – P. × vuralii – P. × wendelboi

Note: The recent re-circumscription of the genus has rendered sectiones and sub-sectiones somewhat redundant. In addition, the large number of nothospecies indicates further work is required before the genus can be considered monophyletic.
Name

Phlomis L., Sp. Pl. 2: 584 (1753), Gen Pl., ed. 5: 255 (1754).

Lectotype species: Phlomis fruticosa L. (1753), designated by Britton et Brown, Ill. Fl. N.U.S. ed. 2. 3: 118 (1913), supported by M.L. Green, Prop. Brit. Bot. 165. (Aug 1929).

Synonyms

Heterotypic
Anemitis Raf., Fl. Tellur. 3: 87 (1837).
Beloakon Raf., Fl. Tellur. 3: 87 (1837).
Blephiloma Raf., Fl. Tellur. 3: 95 (1837).
Hersilia Raf., Fl. Tellur. 3: 88 (1837).

Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Europe
Southwestern Europe
Baleares, France, Portugal, Sardegna, Spain.
Southeastern Europe
Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, Kriti, Romania, Sicilia, Turkey-in-Europe, Yugoslavia.
Eastern Europe
Krym, South European Russia, Ukraine.
Africa
Northern Africa
Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia.
Asia-Temperate
Middle Asia
Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Turkmenistan, Tadzhikistan, Uzbekistan.
Caucasus
North Caucasus, Transcaucasus.
Western Asia
Afghanistan, Cyprus, East Aegean Islands, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon-Syria, Palestine, Sinai, Turkey.
Arabian Peninsula
Saudi Arabia.
China
Tibet.
Asia-Tropical
Indian Subcontinent
Pakistan, West Himalaya.

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References
Primary references

Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species Plantarum. Tomus II: 584. Reference page.
Linnaeus, C. 1754. Genera Plantarum, ed. 5: 255. Reference page.

Additional references

Britton, N.L. & Brown, A. 1913. An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British possessions: from Newfoundland to the parallel of the southern boundary of Virginia, and from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the 102d meridian. ed. 2. C. Scribner's sons, New York. Vol. 3: 118. Reference page.
Hitchcock, A.S. & Green, M.L. 1929. Standard species of Linnaean genera of Phanerogamae (1753–1754). pp. 111–195 in International Botanical Congress. Cambridge (England), 1930. Nomenclature. Proposals by British Botanists. His Majesty's Stationery Office, London. Biblioteca Digital Reference page.
Mathiesen, C., Scheen, A.-C. & Lindqvist, C. 2011. Phylogeny and biogeography of the Lamioid genus Phlomis (Lamiaceae). Kew Bulletin 66(1): 83–99. DOI: 10.1007/s12225-011-9257-0 Paywall Reference page.
Salmaki, Y., Zarre, S., Ryding, P.O., Lindqvist, C., Bräuchler, C. & Heubl, G. 2012. Phylogeny of the tribe Phlomideae (Lamioideae: Lamiaceae) with special focus on Eremostachys and Phlomoides: New insights from nuclear and chloroplast sequences. Taxon 61(1): 161–179. DOI: 10.1002/tax.611012 JSTOR ResearchGate Reference page.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2018. Phlomis in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2018 Aug. 28. Reference page.
Tropicos.org 2014. Phlomis. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 12 June 2014.
International Plant Names Index. 2014. Phlomis. Published online. Accessed: June 12 2014.
Farr, E.R. & Zijlstra, G. (eds.) 1996 onwards. Phlomis in Index Nominum Genericorum (Plantarum). Accessed: 2020 Jan 9.

Vernacular names
беларуская: Зопнік
Deutsch: Brandkräuter
English: Jerusalem Sage, Lampwick Plant
suomi: Paloyrtit
հայերեն: Բավեղ, խռնդուկ
한국어: 속단속
русский: Зопник

Phlomis is a genus of over 100 species[1] of herbaceous plants, subshrubs and shrubs in the family Lamiaceae, native from the Mediterranean region east across central Asia to China.[2]

The name Phlomis derives from a Greek word for "flame", and may refer to the leaves' use in ancient times as lamp wicks.[3] Common names include Jerusalem sage and lampwick plant.

Description

The overall size varies between species from 30 cm tall up to 2 m tall. The leaves are entire, opposite and decussate (each leaf pair at right angles to the next) and rugose or reticulate veined. The bracts (floral leaves) are similar or different from the lower leaves. All parts are frequently covered with hairs. The bracteoles are ovate, lanceolate or linear. The flowers are arranged in whorls called verticillasters which encircle the stems. The stems are usually square in section with rounded corners, although tomentum on the stems can make them appear circular. The colour of the flowers varies from yellow to pink, purple and white. The calyx is tubular or campanulate with five or ten veins visible. Five teeth, either all equal or with the outer two longer than the others. The upper lip is hood shaped and laterally compressed (P. tuberosa, however, has an uncompressed lip with a dense bearded edge). The lower lip is trifid, the central lobe being larger than the lateral ones. There are four stamens ascending under the upper lip. Anther with forked end, the upper fork being shorter than the lower. The fruits are four three-sided, nutlets, and sometimes topped with hair, sometimes glabrous. The root system can be very extensive; roots of 6-week-old seedlings have been measured at 0.7 m.

Phlomis species are the only host plants of the moths Coleophora phlomidella and C. phlomidis.
Systematics

The following species belong to genus Phlomis, but some of them are now distributed in the genus Phlomoides.[1][4][5]
Phlomis

Phlomis armeniaca
Phlomis bourgaei
Phlomis bovei
Phlomis cashmeriana
Phlomis chrysophylla
Phlomis crinita
Phlomis fruticosa - Jerusalem sage
Phlomis grandiflora
Phlomis herba-venti
Phlomis inaequalisepala
Phlomis italica
Phlomis lanata
Phlomis longifolia
Phlomis lychnitis - lampwick plant
Phlomis lycia
Phlomis purpurea
Phlomis rigida
Phlomis russeliana
Phlomis samia
Phlomis tathamiorum from Lebanon
Phlomis viscosa

Phlomoides

Phlomis alpina now called Phlomoides alpina
Phlomis betonicoides now called Phlomoides betonicoides
Phlomis bracteosa now called Phlomoides bracteosa
Phlomis macrophylla now called Phlomoides macrophylla
Phlomis maximowiczii now called Phlomoides maximowiczii
Phlomis melanantha now called Phlomoides melanantha
Phlomis milingensis now called Phlomoides milingensis
Phlomis oreophila now called Phlomoides oreophila
Phlomis pratensis now called Phlomoides pratensis
Phlomis rotata now called Phlomoides rotata
Phlomis spectabilis now called Phlomoides spectabilis
Phlomis tuberosa now called Phlomoides tuberosa
Phlomis umbrosa now called Phlomoides umbrosa
Phlomis younghusbandii now called Phlomoides younghusbandii

References

Phlomis. Flora of China.
Taylor, Jim Mann (1998). Phlomis: the neglected genus. A guide for gardeners and horticulturists. National Council for the Conservation of Plants and Gardens (NCCPG), Great Britain. Westbury-on-Severn: J.M. Taylor. ISBN 0-9532413-0-0. OCLC 40499720.
Coombes, A. J. (2012). The A to Z of Plant Names. USA: Timber Press. pp. 312.
"Phlomoides". The Plant List. Kew & MBG. Retrieved 9 December 2016.
GRIN Species Records of Phlomis. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).