Parsonsia

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Asterids
Cladus: Lamiids
Ordo: Gentianales

Familia: Apocynaceae
Subfamilia: Apocynoideae
Tribus: Echiteae
Subtribus: Parsonsiinae
Genus: Parsonsia
Species: P. affinis – P. alboflavescens – P. aneityensis – P. apiculata – P. appressa – P. bartlensis – P. blakeana – P. brachiata – P. brisbanensis – P. brownii – P. buruensis – P. capsularis – P. catalpicarpa – P. celebica – P. constricta – P. crebriflora – P. curvisepala – P. densiflora – P. densivestita – P. diaphanophleba – P. dorrigoensis – P. edulis – P. effusa – P. eucalyptophylla – P. ferruginea – P. flavescens – P. flexilis – P. flexuosa – P. franchetii – P. fulva – P. goniostemon – P. grandiflora – P. grayana – P. hebetica – P. heterophylla – P. howeana – P. inae – P. induplicata – P. kimberleyensis – P. kroombitensis – P. laevis – P. lanceolata – P. langiana – P. larcomensis – P. largiflorens – P. lata – P. latifolia – P. laxiflora – P. leichhardtii – P. lenticellata – P. lilacina – P. longiflora – P. longiloba – P. longipetiolata – P. macrophylla – P. marginata – P. novoguineensis – P. oligantha – P. pachycarpa – P. paulforsteri – P. pedunculata – P. penangiana – P. philippinensis – P. plaesiophylla – P. populifolia – P. praeruptis – P. purpurascens – P. rotata – P. rubra – P. sanguinea – P. sankowskyana – P. scabra – P. schoddei – P. smithii – P. straminea – P. sundensis – P. tenuiflora – P. tenuis – P. terminaliifolia – P. vaccinioides – P. velutina – P. ventricosa – P. warenensis – P. wildensis – P. wongabelensis
Name

Parsonsia R.Br., 1809
References

Brown, R. 1809. On the Apocineae 64.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al, Kew Science Plants of the World: Parsonsia, Accessed 2018 Jan 9.
Parsonsia – Taxon details on National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).
Govaerts, R. et al. 2018. Parsonsia in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2018 Jan. 11. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2018. Parsonsia. Published online. Accessed: 15 February 2018.
Parsonsia in: Australian Plant Census (APC) 2018. IBIS database, Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research, Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria. Accessed: 2018 February 15.Parsonsia is a genus of woody vines in the family Apocynaceae. Species occur throughout Indomalaya, Australasia and Melanesia.[1]

Description

The leaves are opposite, the shape and size of juvenile leaves often bearing little resemblance to the adult leaves.[2] The latex may be clear and colourless, pale yellow or milky white.[2] The flowers are green, white, cream, yellow, orange, red, pink or brown, sometimes with contrasting markings. These are followed by elongated pod-like capsules, the two follicles eventually separating to reveal numerous seeds with long, silky hairs.[2]
Taxonomy

The genus was named and described in 1810 by botanist Robert Brown in his paper On the Asclepiadeae published in Memoirs of the Wernerian Natural History Society .[3] He named the genus in honour of James Parsons (1705–1770), an English physician and Fellow of the Royal Society.[4]

The generic name Parsonsia R.Br. (1810) is conserved against the earlier homonym Parsonsia P.Browne which was given to a genus in the family Lythraceae. The latter genus is now included in Cuphea.[5]

Parsonsia is closely related to Artia and Prestonia.[6][7]
Species
Parsonsia brownii
Parsonsia brownii

Accepted species[1]

Parsonsia affinis Baill. – New Caledonia
Parsonsia alboflavescens (Dennst.) Mabb. – China, Taiwan, Japan, India, Sri Lanka, Indochina,, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines and Australia.[3][8][9]
Parsonsia apiculata D.J.Middleton
Parsonsia aneityensis Guillaumin – Vanuatu
Parsonsia apiculata (Bakh.f.) D.J.Middleton – Java, Bali
Parsonsia appressa D.J.Middleton – Papua New Guinea[9]
Parsonsia bartlensis J.B.Williams – Queensland[3]
Parsonsia blakeana J.B.Williams – Queensland[3]
Parsonsia brachiata Baillon ex Guillaumin – New Caledonia[10]
Parsonsia brisbanensis J.B.Williams – Queensland[3]
Parsonsia brownii (Britten) Pichon – SE Australia[3]
Parsonsia buruensis (Teijsm. & Binn.) Boerl. – Maluku, Papua New Guinea[9]
Parsonsia capsularis (Forster f.) R. Br. – New Zealand[11]
Parsonsia catalpicarpa – New Caledonia[10]
Parsonsia celebica (Oliv.) Sleesen – W Malaysia, Borneo, Sulawesi
Parsonsia constricta D.J.Middleton – W New Guinea
Parsonsia crebriflora Baill. – New Caledonia[10]
Parsonsia curvisepala K. Schum. – Perak, Sulawesi, New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Philippines[9][12]
Parsonsia densiflora D.J.Middleton – Papua New Guinea [9]
Parsonsia densivestita C.T.White – Queensland[3]
Parsonsia diaphanophleba F.Muell. – Western Australia [3]
Parsonsia dorrigoensis J.B.Williams – New South Wales[3]
Parsonsia edulis (G. Benn.) Guillaumin – New Caledonia[10]
Parsonsia effusa S. Moore – New Caledonia[10]
Parsonsia eucalyptophylla F.Muell. – E Australia[3]
Parsonsia ferruginea J.B.Williams – Queensland [3]
Parsonsia flavescens Merr. & L.M. Perry – New Guinea [9][13]
Parsonsia flexilis Baill. – New Caledonia[10]
Parsonsia flexuosa Baill. – New Caledonia[10]
Parsonsia franchetii Baill. ex Guillaumin – New Caledonia, Loyalty Islands[10]
Parsonsia fulva S.T.Blake – Queensland, NSW[3]
Parsonsia goniostemon Hand.-Mazz. – Guangxi[8]
Parsonsia grandiflora D.J.Middleton[3] – Bacan I in Maluku[14]
Parsonsia grayana J.B.Williams – Queensland[3]
Parsonsia hebetica Markgr. – Papua New Guinea [9]
Parsonsia × heterocapsa Allan – New Zealand
Parsonsia heterophylla A. Cunn. – New Zealand[11]
Parsonsia howeana J.B.Williams – Lord Howe Island[3]
Parsonsia inae Guillaumin – Vanuatu
Parsonsia induplicata F.Muell. – Queensland, NSW[3]
Parsonsia kimberleyensis J.B.Williams – Western Australia[3]
Parsonsia kroombitensis J.B.Williams – Queensland[3]
Parsonsia laevis – Fiji, Vanuatu[13][15]
Parsonsia lanceolata R.Br. – Queensland, NSW[3]
Parsonsia langiana F.Muell. – Queensland[3]
Parsonsia larcomensis J.B.Williams – Queensland[3]
Parsonsia largiflorens (F.Muell. ex Benth.) S.T.Blake – Queensland, NSW[3]
Parsonsia lata Markgr.- Maluku, New Guinea, Solomon Is [16][9]
Parsonsia latifolia (Benth.) S.T.Blake – Queensland[3]
Parsonsia laxiflora Guillaumin – New Caledonia[10]
Parsonsia leichhardtii F.Muell. – Queensland[3]
Parsonsia lenticellata C.T.White – Queensland[3]
Parsonsia lilacina F.Muell. – Queensland, NSW
Parsonsia longiflora Guillaumin – New Caledonia[10]
Parsonsia longiloba D.J.Middleton – New Ireland
Parsonsia longipetiolata J.B.Williams – Queensland, NSW[3]
Parsonsia macrophylla Pichon ex Guillaumin. – New Caledonia[10]
Parsonsia marginata Markgr. – New Guinea
Parsonsia novoguinensis D.J.Middleton – New Guinea [9]
Parsonsia oligantha (K.Schum.) D.J.Middleton – New Guinea [9]
Parsonsia pachycarpa Guillaumin – New Caledonia[10]
Parsonsia paulforsteri J.B.Williams – Queensland[3]
Parsonsia pedunculata Markgr. – Bismarck Archipelago[9]
Parsonsia penangiana King & Gamble – Penang, Thailand
Parsonsia philippinensis Merr. – Philippines, Java, Borneo, W Malaysia, Thailand
Parsonsia plaesiophylla S.T.Blake – Queensland[3]
Parsonsia populifolia Baill. – New Caledonia[10]
Parsonsia praeruptis Heads & P.J.de Lange – North I of New Zealand
Parsonsia purpurascens J.B.Williams – New South Wales[3]
Parsonsia rotata Maiden & Betche – Queensland, NSW[3]
Parsonsia rubra Kaneh. & Hatus. J. – Maluku, New Guinea [9][13]
Parsonsia sanguinea Markgr. – New Guinea[3][9][13]
Parsonsia sankowskyana J.B.Williams – Queensland[3]
Parsonsia scabra (Labill.) Markgr. – New Caledonia[10]
Parsonsia schoddei D.J.Middleton – Papua New Guinea [9]
Parsonsia smithii Markgr. – Vanua Levu in Fiji
Parsonsia straminea (R.Br.) F.Muell. – Queensland, NSW[3]
Parsonsia sundensis D.J.Middleton[3] – East Timor[17]
Parsonsia tenuiflora D.J.Middleton[3] – W New Guinea
Parsonsia tenuis S.T.Blake – Queensland, NSW[3]
Parsonsia terminaliifolia Guillaumin – New Caledonia[10]
Parsonsia vaccinoides Markgr. – W New Guinea [9]
Parsonsia velutina R.Br. – Timor, Maluku, Australia, New Guinea[3][9]
Parsonsia ventricosa F.Muell. – Queensland, NSW[3]
Parsonsia warenensis Kanehira & Hatusima – Papua New Guinea [9]
Parsonsia wildensis J.B.Williams – Queensland[3]
Parsonsia wongabelensis J.B.Williams- Queensland[3]

formerly included[1]

Parsonsia balansae Baill. = Artia balansae (Baill.) Pichon ex Guillaumin
Parsonsia barbata Blume = Parameria laevigata (Juss.) Moldenke
Parsonsia brachycarpa Baill. = Artia brachycarpa (Baill.) Boiteau
Parsonsia bracteata Hook. & Arn. = Mandevilla pentlandiana (DC.) Woodson
Parsonsia corymbosa (Jacq.) R.Br. ex Steud. = Pinochia corymbosa (Jacq.) M.E.Endress & B.F.Hansen
Parsonsia diversifolia (Warb.) Markgr. = Lyonsia diversifolia Warb.
Parsonsia floribunda (Sw.) R.Br. ex Steud. = Pinochia floribunda (Sw.) M.E.Endress & B.F.Hansen
Parsonsia francii Guillaumin = Artia francii (Guillaumin) Pichon
Parsonsia galeottiana Baill. = Thenardia galeottiana Baill.
Parsonsia javanica Blume 1826 not (Blume) K. Schum 1895 = Urceola javanica (Blume) Boerl.
Parsonsia leptocarpa Hook. & Arn. = Forsteronia leptocarpa (Hook. & Arn.) A.DC.
Parsonsia lifuana Baill. = Artia lifuana (Baill.) Pichon ex Guillaumin
Parsonsia myrtifolia (Poir.) Roem. & Schult. = Landolphia myrtifolia (Poir.) Markgr.
Parsonsia ovata Wall. ex G.Don = Pottsia laxiflora (Blume) Kuntze
Parsonsia spicata (Jacq.) R.Br. ex Steud. = Forsteronia spicata (Jacq.) G.Mey.

Cultivation

A species from New Zealand, Parsonsia variablis (Variable-leaved Parsonsia), was introduced into cultivation in England in 1847 as a greenhouse plant and was noted to have a sweet scent, however the flowers were regarded as "not very showy".[18] This species is thought to be a form of Parsonsia heterophylla.[11]
References

"World Checklist of Selected Plant Families". Retrieved May 18, 2014.
"Genus Parsonsia". PlantNET – New South Wales Flora Online. Royal Botanic Gardens & Domain Trust, Sydney Australia. Retrieved 2009-05-21.
"Parsonsia". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government, Canberra. Retrieved 2009-05-19.
Bennett, John J. (1850). The Miscellaneous Botanical Works of Robert Brown: Vol.II. Retrieved 2009-05-21.
"Genus: Parsonsia P. Browne". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Area. Retrieved 2009-05-21.
Livshultz, T., D. J. Middleton, M. E. Endress, and J. K. Williams.(2007) Phylogeny of Apocynoideae and the APSA Clade (Apocynaceae S.l.). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 94, no. 2: 324–59.
Morales, J.F.; Endress, M.E.; Liede-Schumann, S. (2017) Sex, drugs and pupusas: Disentangling relationships in Echiteae (Apocynaceae). Taxon 66 (3): 623–644. https://doi.org/10.12705/663.7
"Parsonsia". Flora of China. efloras.org. Retrieved 2009-05-19.
Conn, Barry J. "Census of Vascular Plants of Papua New Guinea". Plants of Papua New Guinea. Papua New Guinea National Herbarium and the National Herbarium of New South Wales #. Retrieved 2009-05-19.
"Genre Parsonsia R.Br". Endémía – Faune & Flore de Nouvelle-Calédonie. Retrieved 2009-05-19.
"Flora of New Zealand: PARSONSIA R. Br., 1809". Retrieved 2009-05-19.
"Parsonsia curvisepala". Index of Botanical Specimens. Harvard University Herbaria. Retrieved 2009-05-19.
"Indonesian Biodiversity Information System (IBIS) online". Research Center for Biology,, Indonesian Institute of Sciences. Retrieved 2009-05-19.
"Parsonsia grandiflora D.J. Middleton". Tropicos. Missouri Botanical Gardens. Retrieved 2009-05-31.
"Parsonsia laevis". Index of Botanical Specimens. Harvard University Herbaria. Retrieved 2009-05-19.
"Parsonsia lata". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 2009-05-19.
"Parsonsia curvisepala". Index of Botanical Specimens. Harvard University Herbaria. Retrieved 2009-05-31.
Moore, Thomas; William P. Ayres (1850). Gardeners' Magazine of Botany, Horticulture, Floriculture, and Natural Science. William S. Orr and Co. 1: 120