Paederia foetida

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Asterids
Cladus: Lamiids
Ordo: Gentianales

Familia: Rubiaceae
Subfamilia: Rubioideae
Tribus: Paederieae
Genus: Paederia
Subgenus: P. subg. Paederia
Species: Paederia foetida
Name

Paederia foetida L., 1767.

Typus: INDIA: Without data (lectotype: LINN 294.1). Lectotypified by Puff, Opera Bot. Belg. 3: 211. 1991.

Synonyms

Homotypic
Hondbesseion foetidum (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 485. 1891.
Heterotypic
Apocynum foetidum Burman f., Fl. Ind. (N. L. Burman) 71. 1768.
Crawfurdia loureirii G.Don, Gen. Hist. 4: 200. 1837, nom. illeg.
Gentiana scandens Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 1: 171. 1790.
Hondbessson tomentosum (Blume) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 285. 1891.
Hondbesson tomentosum var. glabrum (Kurz) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 285. 1891.
Paederia amboinensis Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavum 4: 254. 1869.
Paederia barbulata Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavum 4: 255. 1869.
Paederia chinensis Hance, J. Bot. 16: 228. 1878.
Paederia chinensis f. microphylla Honda, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 43: 192. 1929.
Paederia chinensis f. tenuissima Masam., Short Fl. Formosa 205. 1936.
Paederia chinensis var. angustifolia Nakai, Trees Shrubs Japan 398. 1922.
Paederia chinensis var. maritima Koidz., Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 5: 41. 1936.
Paederia chinensis var. megaphylla Koidz., Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 8: 191. 1939.
Paederia chinensis var. velutina Nakai, Fl. Sylv. Korea 14: 92, t. 21(b). 1923.
Paederia dunniana H.Lév., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10: 146. 1911.
Paederia esquirolii H.Lév., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10: 146. 1911.
Paederia foetida var. sessiliflora (Poir.) Baker, Fl. Mauritius 158. 1877.
Paederia laxiflora Merr. ex Li, J. Arnold Arbor. 25: 429. 1944.
Paederia longituba Nakai, Bull. Tokyo Sci. Mus. 22: 26. 1948.
Paederia mairei H.Lév., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 179. 1914.
Paederia ovata Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavum 4: 255. 1869.
Paederia prainii Gand., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 65: 35. 1918.
Paederia scaberula Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavum 4: 255. 1869.
Paederia scandens (Lour.) Merr., Contr. Arnold Arbor. 8: 163. 1934.
Paederia scandens f. mairei (H.Lév.) Nakai, Bull. Tokyo Sci. Mus. 22: 28. 1948.
Paederia scandens f. megaphylla (Koidz.) H.Hara, Enum. Sperm. Jap. 2: 25. 1952.
Paederia scandens f. microphylla (Honda) H.Hara, Enum. Sperm. Jap. 2: 25. 1952.
Paederia scandens f. rubescens Asai, J. Jap. Bot. 63: 54. 1988.
Paederia scandens var. longituba (Nakai) H.Hara, Enum. Sperm. Jap. 2: 24. 1952.
Paederia scandens var. mairei (H.Lév.) H.Hara, Enum. Sperm. Jap. 2: 24. 1952.
Paederia scandens var. maritima (Koidz.) H.Hara, Enum. Sperm. Jap. 2: 25. 1952.
Paederia scandens var. tomentosa (Blume) Handel-Mazzetti, Symb. Sin. 7: 1023. 1936.
Paederia scandens var. velutina (Nakai) Nakai, Bull. Tokyo Sci. Mus. 29: 97. 1950.
Paederia scandens var. villosa (Hayata) Masamune, Sci. Rep. Kanazawa Univ., Biol. 4: 92. 1955.
Paederia sessiliflora Poir., in Lamarck, Encycl., Suppl. 2: 449. 1812.
Paederia stenophylla Merr., Sunyatsenia 3: 261. 1937.
Paederia tomentosa Blume, Bijdr.: 968. 1826.
Paederia tomentosa var. glabra Kurz, J. Asiatic Soc. Bengal 45: 139. 1876.
Paederia tomentosa var. mairei (H.Lév.) H.Lév., Cat. Pl. Yunnan 247. 1917.
Paederia uraiensis Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formos. 9: 64. 1920.
Paederia villosa Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formos. 9: 64. 1920.

References

Linnaeus, C. 1767. Mant. Pl. 1: 52
Wunderlin, R.P. & Hansen, B.F. 2008. Atlas of Florida Vascular Plants. Institute for Systematic Botany, University of South Florida, Tampa [1].

Vernacular names
অসমীয়া: ভেদাই লতা
বাংলা: গন্ধভাদালি বা গাঁদাল
English: Skunkvine
日本語: ヘクソカズラ（屁糞葛）

Paederia foetida is a species of plant, with common names that are variations of skunkvine, stinkvine, or Chinese fever vine.[3] It is native to temperate, and tropical Asia; and has become naturalized in the Mascarenes, Melanesia, Polynesia, and the Hawaiian Islands, also found in North America by recent studies.[2]

Paederia foetida is known for the strong, sulphurous odour exuded when its leaves or stems are crushed or bruised.[4] This is because the oil responsible for the smell, and found primarily within the leaves, contains sulphur compounds, including largely dimethyl disulphide.[5]

Distribution

P. foetida is native to Bangladesh and southern Bhutan; Cambodia; Taiwan and China (in Hong Kong and Macau, and the provinces of Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang); India (in Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Odisha, Sikkim, Telangana, in the northern part of West Bengal, and the Andaman and Nicobar islands); Indonesia; Japan (in Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku prefectures, as well as in the Ryukyu Islands); Laos; Malaysia; Myanmar; Nepal; the Philippines; Singapore; South Korea; Thailand; and Vietnam.[2]
Uses

It is sometimes planted as an ornamental, and has virtue in folk medicine.[2][6] It is also used as a culinary spice in some traditional cooking in North Eastern and Eastern India. In Hainanese cuisine, the leaves are ground into flour and mixed with rice to form noodles used in a sweet soup.[7]
Pests and diseases

The caterpillars of four hawkmoth species are recorded to feed on P. foetida: Neogurelca hyas, Macroglossum corythus, M. pyrrhosticta and M. sitiene.[8]
References

This species was first described botanically and published in Mantissa Plantarum 1: 52. 1767. "Name - Paederia foetida L." Tropicos. Saint Louis, Missouri: Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved August 9, 2010.
"Paederia foetida". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved August 9, 2010.
"Ecology of Paederia foetida". ISSG Database. Invasive Species Specialist Group (IUCN and SSC. Retrieved August 9, 2010.
Chanda, Silpi; Sarethy, Indira P.; De, Biplab; Singh, Kuldeep (2013-12-01). "Paederia foetida — a promising ethno-medicinal tribal plant of northeastern India". Journal of Forestry Research. 24 (4): 801–808. doi:10.1007/s11676-013-0369-2. ISSN 1993-0607. S2CID 5969235.
K.C.Wong; G.L.Tan (Jan–Feb 1994). "Steam volatile constituents of the aerial parts of Paederia foetida L. (abstract)". Flavour and Fragrance Journal. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 9 (1): 25–28. doi:10.1002/ffj.2730090106.
Chanda, Silpi; Deb, Lokesh; Tiwari, Raj Kumar; Singh, Kuldeep; Ahmad, Sayeed (2015-09-03). "Gastroprotective mechanism of Paederia foetida Linn. (Rubiaceae) – a popular edible plant used by the tribal community of North-East India". BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 15 (1): 304. doi:10.1186/s12906-015-0831-0. ISSN 1472-6882. PMC 4557762. PMID 26335308.
"Jishiteng Guozai Soup (Chinese Fevervine Herb Soup) | Welcome to Sunny Haikou".
Robinson, Gaden S.; Ackery, Phillip R.; Kitching, Ian J.; Beccaloni, George W.; Hernández, Luis M. (2010). "HOSTS - a Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants". Natural History Museum, London. Retrieved 2019-09-14.