Mallotus

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Rosids
Cladus: Eurosids I
Ordo: Malpighiales

Familia: Euphorbiaceae
Subfamilia: Acalyphoideae
Tribus: Acalypheae
Genus: Mallotus
Species: M. actinoneurus – M. acuminatus – M. affinis – M. albus – M. alternifolius – M. anamiticus – M. andamanicus – M. angulatus – M. angustifolius – M. anisophyllus – M. anisopodus – M. anomalus – M. apelta – M. arboreus – M. atrovirens – M. attenuatus – M. aureopunctatus – M. auriculatus – M. baillonianus – M. barbatus – M. batjanensis – M. beccarii – M. beddomei – M. beillei – M. bicarpellatus – M. blumeanus – M. borneensis – M. brachythyrsus – M. bracteatus – M. brevipes – M. brevipetiolatus – M. buettneri – M. calcosus – M. calocarpus – M. calvus – M. cambodianus – M. camiguinensis – M. canii – M. capensis – M. capuronii – M. caput-medusae – M. cardiophyllus – M. castanopsis – M. caudatus – M. cauliflorus – M. cavaleriei – M. chevalieri – M. chinensis – M. chlaoxyloides – M. chromocarpus – M. chrysanthus – M. chrysocarpus – M. chuyenii – M. claoxyloides – M. clellandii – M. cochinchinensis – M. columnaris – M. conchinchinense – M. concinnus – M. confusus – M. conspurcatus – M. contubernalis – M. cordatifolius – M. coudercii – M. croizatianus – M. cumingii – M. cuneatus – M. dallachyi – M. darbyshirei – M. decipiens – M. derbyensis – M. diadenus – M. didymochryseus – M. discolor – M. dispar – M. dispersus – M. distans – M. dunnii – M. eberhardtii – M. echinatus – M. eglandulosus – M. eriocarpus – M. esquirolii – M. eucaustus – M. eximius – M. ferrugineus – M. ficifolius – M. filiformis – M. floribundus – M. formosanus – M. furetianus – M. fuscescens – M. garrettii – M. geloniifolius – M. glaberrimus – M. glabriusculus – M. glomerulatus – M. grandistipularis – M. griffithianus – M. grossedentatus – M. hainanensis – M. hanheoensis – M. havilandii – M. helferi – M. hellwigianus – M. henryi – M. hirsutulus – M. hirsutus – M. hispidospinosus – M. hollrungianus – M. hookerianus – M. hymenophyllus – M. illudens – M. impar – M. insignis – M. insularum – M. integrifolius – M. intercedens – M. intermedius – M. japonicus – M. khasianus – M. kietanus – M. kingii – M. kongkandae – M. korthalsii – M. kunstleri – M. kurzii – M. kweichowensis – M. lackeyi – M. laevigatus – M. lambertianus – M. lanceolatus – M. lancifolius – M. lauterbachianus – M. lawii – M. leptophyllus – M. leptostachyus – M. leucocalyx – M. leucocarpus – M. leucodermis – M. leveillanus – M. lianus – M. longifolius – M. longipes – M. longistylus – M. lotingensis – M. luchenensis – M. lullulae – M. maclurei – M. macrostachyus – M. macularis – M. maingayi – M. megadontus – M. melleri – M. metcalfianus – M. microcarpus – M. millietii – M. minahassae – M. miquelianus – M. mollissimus – M. moluccanus – M. monanthos – M. montanus – M. moritzianus – M. multiglandulosus – M. muricatus – M. muticus – M. myanmaricus – M. nanus – M. neo-cavaleriei – M. nepalensis – M. nesophilus – M. nudiflorus – M. oblongifolius – M. odoratus – M. oppositifolius – M. pachypodus – M. palauensis – M. pallidus – M. paniculatus – M. papillaris – M. papuanus – M. paxii – M. peekelii – M. peltatus – M. penangensis – M. petanodon – M. philippensis – M. pierrei – M. pinnatinervis – M. playfairii – M. pleiogynus – M. plicatus – M. poilanei – M. polyadenos – M. polycarpus – M. polyneurus – M. ponapensis – M. populifolius – M. porterianus – M. preussii – M. pseudopenangensis – M. pseudoverticillatus – M. puber – M. puberulus – M. pycnostachys – M. ramosii – M. repandus – M. resinosus – M. reticulatus – M. rhamnifolius – M. ricinoides – M. roxburghianus – M. rufidulus – M. samarensis – M. sanchezii – M. sanguirensis – M. sarawakensis – M. sathayensis – M. scandens – M. smilaciformis – M. speciosus – M. sphaerocarpus – M. spinulosus – M. spodocarpus – M. stenanthus – M. stewardii – M. stipularis – M. stipulosus – M. stylaris – M. subcuneatus – M. subjaponicus – M. subpeltatus – M. subramanyamii – M. subulatus – M. sumatranus – M. surculosus – M. tenuifolius – M. tenuipes – M. tenuispicus – M. tetracoccus – M. thorelii – M. thunbergianus – M. tiliifolia – M. tiliifolius – M. tokbrai – M. trinervius – M. tristis – M. tsiangii – M. ustulatus – M. vernicosus – M. viridis – M. vitifolius – M. walkerae – M. wallichianus – M. warburgianus – M. wenzelianus – M. woodii – M. wrayi – M. xylacanthus – M. yifengensis – M. yunnanensis – M. zippelii – M. zolingeri
Name

Mallotus Lour., Fl. Cochinch.: 635 (1790), nom. cons.

Type species: Mallotus cochinchinensis Lour.

Synonyms

Heterotypic
Trewia L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1193 (1753).
Canschi Adans., Fam. Pl. 2: 443 (1763).
Copianthus Hill, Dec. Cur. Pl.: t. 1 (1773).
Echinus Lour., Fl. Cochinch.: 633 (1790).
Rottlera Willd., Gött. J. Naturwiss. 1: 7 (1797).
Rottlera Roxb., Pl. Coromandel 2: 36 (1802).
Adisca Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind.: 609 (1826).
Lasipana Raf., Sylva Tellur.: 21 (1838).
Adisa Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 28 (1840).
Plagianthera Rchb.f. & Zoll., Acta Soc. Regiae Sci. Indo-Neêrl. 1: 19 (1856).
Stylanthus Rchb. & Zoll., Linnaea 28: 312 (1857).
Axenfeldia Baill., Étude Euphorb.: 419 (1858).
Coelodiscus Baill., Étude Euphorb.: 293 (1858).
Echinocroton F.Muell., Fragm. 1: 31 (1858).
Aconceveibum Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 1(2): 389 (1859).
Coccoceras Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv.: 455 (1861).
Neotrewia Pax & K.Hoffm. in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr., IV, 147, VII: 211 (1914).
Octospermum Airy Shaw, Kew Bull. 19: 311 (1965).

References
Primary references

Airy Shaw, H.K. 1965. Notes on Malaysian and Other Asiatic Euphorbiaceae. Kew Bulletin 19(2): 299-328. DOI: 10.2307/4108076 JSTOR Reference page.
Loureiro, J. de. 1790. Flora Cochinchinensis: sistens plantas in regno Cochinchina nascentes. Quibus accedunt aliae observatae in Sinensi Imperio, Africa orientali, Indiaeque locis variis. Omnes dispositae secundum systema sexuale linnaeanum. Tomus II. Pp. 357–744, [745, err.] Typis, et expensis academicis, Ulyssipone [Lisbon]. BHL Reference page. : 635.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2020. Mallotus in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2020 Jun 05. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2020. Mallotus. Published online. Accessed: Jun 05 2020.
Tropicos.org 2020. Mallotus. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2020 Jun 05.

Vernacular names
日本語: アカメガシワ
한국어: 예덕나무
русский: Маллотус
Tiếng Việt: Chi Ruối

Mallotus is a genus of the spurge family Euphorbiaceae first described as a genus in 1790.[4] Two species (M. oppositifolius and M. subulatus) are found in tropical Africa and Madagascar. All the other species are found in East Asia, the Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia, eastern Australia, and certain islands of the western Pacific.[2][5][6][7] The genus has about 150 species of dioecious trees or shrubs.[8]

Fossil record

Mallotus macrofossils have been recovered from the late Zanclean stage of Pliocene sites in Pocapaglia, Italy.[9]

Uses

Mallotus species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Endoclita malabaricus. The Kamala tree (Mallotus philippensis) has hairs of whose seed capsule which are the source of a yellow dye (kamala dye) and (formerly) herbal remedy.

Species[2]

Mallotus actinoneurus - S Thailand, W Malaysia
Mallotus anomalus - Hainan
Mallotus apelta - S China
Mallotus atrovirens - SW India
Mallotus attenuatus - Papua New Guinea
Mallotus aureopunctatus - India
Mallotus barbatus - India, Indochina, S China, Malaysia, W, Indonesia
Mallotus beddomei - SW India
Mallotus blumeanus - Java, Sumatra
Mallotus brachythyrsus - Sarawak, Kalimantan
Mallotus brevipetiolatus - S Thailand, W Malaysia
Mallotus calocarpus - S Thailand
Mallotus cambodianus - Cambodia
Mallotus canii - Vietnam
Mallotus caudatus - Borneo
Mallotus cauliflorus - Luzon
Mallotus chromocarpus - Papua New Guinea
Mallotus chuyenii - Vietnam
Mallotus claoxyloides- E Australia, Papua New Guinea
Mallotus concinnus - Kelantan
Mallotus confusus - Philippines
Mallotus connatus - Philippines, Borneo
Mallotus coudercii - Indochina
Mallotus cumingii - Philippines, Borneo, Sulawesi
Mallotus darbyshirei - Papua New Guinea
Mallotus decipiens - Bangladesh, Indochina, W Malaysia
Mallotus didymochryseus - New Guinea
Mallotus discolor - E Australia
Mallotus dispar - Indochina, W Malaysia, W, Indonesia
Mallotus dispersus - N Australia
Mallotus distans - S India, Sri Lanka
Mallotus dunnii - Fujian
Mallotus eberhardtii - Vietnam
Mallotus eriocarpus - Sri Lanka, W Malaysia
Mallotus eximius - Borneo, W Malaysia
Mallotus ficifolius - Queensland
Mallotus floribundus - SE Asia, Papuasia
Mallotus fuscescens - Sri Lanka
Mallotus garrettii - N Laos, N Thailand
Mallotus glabriusculus - Indochina
Mallotus glomerulatus - NE Thailand
Mallotus grossedentatus - Hainan
Mallotus hanheoensis - Vietnam
Mallotus havilandii - Sarawak
Mallotus hispidospinosus - Thailand, Myanmar
Mallotus hymenophyllus - S Thailand
Mallotus illudens - S China
Mallotus insularum - Maluku, Lesser Sunda Islands
Mallotus intercedens - India
Mallotus japonicus - Japan, Korea, China, Ryukyu Islands
Mallotus khasianus - Assam, Indochina, S China
Mallotus kongkandae - Yunnan, N Thailand
Mallotus korthalsii - Philippines, Malaysia, W, Indonesia
Mallotus kweichowensis - Guizhou
Mallotus lackeyi - Borneo, Philippines
Mallotus lanceolatus - S China, Indochina
Mallotus lancifolius - Andaman & Nicobar Is, Malaysia, W, Indonesia
Mallotus lappaceus - Myanmar
Mallotus lauterbachianus - New Guinea
Mallotus leptostachyus - S Myanmar, S Thailand
Mallotus leucocalyx - SE Asia
Mallotus leucocarpus - Assam, Myanmar
Mallotus leucodermis - S Thailand, Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra
Mallotus lianus - Guangdong, Fujian, Zhejiang
Mallotus longinervis - Sarawak
Mallotus longipes - Myanmar
Mallotus macrostachyus - S Thailand, Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra
Mallotus macularis - New Guinea
Mallotus megadontus - Queensland
Mallotus metcalfianus - N Thailand, Vietnam, Guangxi
Mallotus microcarpus - S China
Mallotus millietii - Guizhou
Mallotus minimifructus - Borneo, Sulawesi, Philippines
Mallotus miquelianus - Thailand, Borneo, Malaysia, Philippines, Sumatra
Mallotus mirus - Thailand
Mallotus mollissimus -, Indonesia, Philippines, Papuasia, Queensland
Mallotus monanthos - Pahang
Mallotus montanus - S Thailand, W Malaysia
Mallotus muticus - Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra
Mallotus myanmaricus - Myanmar
Mallotus nanus - Laos, Cambodia
Mallotus neocavaleriei - Guizhou
Mallotus nepalensis - Nepal, Yunnan, Myanmar, Assam, Bhutan
Mallotus nesophilus - N Australia
Mallotus nudiflorus - Indian Subcontinent, SE Asia, S China
Mallotus oppositifolius - Madagascar, tropical Africa
Mallotus oreophilus - Yunnan, Sikkim
Mallotus pachypodus - Myanmar
Mallotus pallidus - S Thailand
Mallotus paniculatus - Indian Subcontinent, SE Asia, S China, Queensland, Papuasia
Mallotus peltatus - Indian Subcontinent, SE Asia, S China, Papuasia
Mallotus philippensis - Indian Subcontinent, SE Asia, S China, Papuasia, Ryukyu Islands
Mallotus pierrei - Thailand, Vietnam
Mallotus pleiogynus - New Guinea
Mallotus plicatus - Indochina
Mallotus poilanei - Vietnam
Mallotus polyadenos - New Guinea, Queensland
Mallotus polycarpus - W India
Mallotus puber - Solomon Islands
Mallotus repandus - Indian Subcontinent, SE Asia, S China, Papuasia, New Caledonia
Mallotus resinosus - Indian Subcontinent, SE Asia, Papuasia, Queensland
Mallotus rhamnifolius - S India, Sri Lanka
Mallotus roxburghianus - E Himalayas
Mallotus rufidulus - W, Indonesia
Mallotus sathavensis - Vietnam
Mallotus sphaerocarpus - Sumatra
Mallotus spinifructus - Kalimantan
Mallotus stewardii - E China
Mallotus subcuneatus - S Thailand, W Malaysia
Mallotus subjaponicus - Anhui
Mallotus subulatus - W + C Africa
Mallotus sumatranus - Sumatra, Borneo
Mallotus surculosus - Cape York Peninsula
Mallotus taoyuanensis - Hunan
Mallotus tetracoccus - Indian Subcontinent, Thailand, Myanmar, Yunnan
Mallotus thorelii - Indochina
Mallotus thunbergianus - Sri Lanka
Mallotus tiliifolius - Hainan, SE Asia, Papuasia, Micronesia, Taiwan
Mallotus trinervius - New Guinea
Mallotus ustulatus - Cambodia
Mallotus wrayi - - Sumatra, Borneo, W Malaysia
Mallotus yunnanensis - Yunnan

Formerly included[2]

moved to other genera (Acalypha Aleurites Blumeodendron Chondrostylis Cleidion Croton Discocleidion Endospermum Hancea Lasiococca Macaranga Melanolepis Neoboutonia Plukenetia Ptychopyxis Rockinghamia Spathiostemon Sumbaviopsis )

M. affinis - Macaranga lowii
M. angulatus - Melanolepis multiglandulosa
M. angustifolius - Rockinghamia angustifolia
M. arboreus - Ptychopyxis arborea
M. arboreus var. platyphyllus - Ptychopyxis kingii
M. auriculatus - Macaranga lowii
M. baillonianus - Hancea acuminata
M. brevipes Merr. 1915 - Lasiococca brevipes
M. brevipes Pax ex Engl. 1895 - Acalypha neptunica
M. calcosus - Melanolepis multiglandulosa
M. calvus - Spathiostemon javensis
M. capensis - Macaranga capensis
M. capuronii - Hancea capuronii
M. caput-medusae - Ptychopyxis caput-medusae
M. cavaleriei - Discocleidion rufescens
M. chrysanthus - Ptychopyxis chrysantha
M. cordatifolius - Hancea cordatifolia
M. dallachyi - Macaranga dallachyana
M. diadenus - Endospermum diadenum
M. echinatus - Hancea penangensis
M. eglandulosus - Spathiostemon javensis
M. eucaustus - Hancea eucausta
M. geloniifolius - Cleidion javanicum
M. glaberrimus - Macaranga glaberrima
M. grandistipularis - Hancea grandistipularis
M. griffithianus - Hancea griffithiana
M. hellwigianus - Melanolepis multiglandulosa
M. henryi - Macaranga henryi
M. hirsutus - Hancea hirsuta
M. hollrungianus - Melanolepis multiglandulosa
M. hookerianus - Hancea hookeriana
M. hookerianus var. papuanus - Hancea papuana
M. impar - Hancea griffithiana
M. inamoenus - Macaranga inamoena
M. integrifolius - Hancea integrifolia
M. kingii - Hancea kingii
M. kunstleri - Chondrostylis kunstleri
M. kurzii - Blumeodendron kurzii
M. leptophyllus - Hancea penangensis
M. longistylus - Hancea longistyla
M. maingayi - Macaranga pruinosa
M. melleri - Neoboutonia melleri
M. minahassae - Croton oblongus
M. moluccanus - Aleurites moluccanus
M. moluccanus var. glabratus - Melanolepis multiglandulosa
M. moluccanus var. pendulus - Melanolepis multiglandulosa
M. multiglandulosus - Melanolepis multiglandulosa
M. nitidus - Cleidion nitidum
M. papuanus - Hancea papuana
M. papuanus var. glabrescens - Hancea penangensis
M. papuanus var. intermedius - Hancea penangensis
M. penangensis - Hancea penangensis
M. populifolius - Macaranga hemsleyana
M. preussii - Plukenetia conophora
M. pseudopenangensis - Hancea penangensis
M. pseudoverticillatus - Lasiococca comberi
M. ramosii - Cleidion ramosii
M. samarensis - Cleidion ramosii
M. sarawakensis - Hancea penangensis
M. speciosus - Sumbaviopsis albicans
M. spinulosus - Hancea spinulosa
M. stipularis - Hancea stipularis
M. subpeltatus - Hancea subpeltata
M. tenuipes - Hancea penangensis
M. tsiangii - Macaranga lowii
M. vernicosus - Blumeodendron tokbrai
M. vitifolius - Melanolepis vitifolia
M. wenzelianus - Hancea wenzeliana
M. woodii - Hancea griffithiana
M. xylacanthus - Hancea penangensis
M. yifengensis - Croton lachnocarpus

Notes

One anagram of this genus name yields Wetriaria, another genus of Euphorbiaceae.[3]

References

1897 illustration from Franz Eugen Köhler, Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen
Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
Burkhardt, Lotte (2018-06-06). Verzeichnis eponymischer Pflanzennamen - Erweiterte Edition. Index of Eponymic Plant Names - Extended Edition. Index de Noms éponymiques des Plantes - Édition augmentée (in German). Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin. p. A7. doi:10.3372/epolist2018. ISBN 978-3-946292-26-5.
Loureiro, João de. 1790. Flora Cochinchinensis 601, 635
Flora of China Vol. 11 Page 225 野桐属 ye tong shu Mallotus Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch. 2: 635. 1790.
Govaerts, R., Frodin, D.G. & Radcliffe-Smith, A. (2000). World Checklist and Bibliography of Euphorbiaceae (and Pandaceae) 1-4: 1-1622. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Sierra, S.E.C. & Van Welzen, P.C. (2005). A taxonomic revision of Mallotus section Mallotus (Euphorbiaceae) in Malesia. Blumea 50: 249-274.
Yamasaki, Eri; Sakai, Shoko (2013). "Wind and insect pollination (Ambophily) of Mallotus spp. (Euphorbiaceae) in tropical and temperate forests". Australian Journal of Botany. 61: 60. doi:10.1071/BT12202. hdl:2433/173327.
Messian to Zanclean vegetation and climate of Northern and Central Italy by Adele Bertini & Edoardo Martinetto, Bollettino della Societa Paleontologica Italiana, 47 (2), 2008, 105-121. Modena, 11 lugio 2008.