Juglans mandshurica

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Rosids
Cladus: Eurosids I
Ordo: Fagales

Familia: Juglandaceae
Subfamilia: Juglandoideae
Genus: Juglans
Species: Juglans mandshurica
Name

Juglans mandshurica Maxim., Bull. Cl. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 15: 127 1856.
Homonyms

Juglans mandshurica Miq. = Juglans ailanthifolia Carrière

Synonyms

Juglans ailanthoides var. cordiformis (Maxim.) Rehder, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 18: 62 (1872)
Juglans cathayensis Dode, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 11: 47 (1909)
Juglans cathayensis var. formosana (Hayata) A.M.Lu & R.H.Chang, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 21: 35 (1979)
Juglans collapsa Dode, Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 11: 49 (1909)
Juglans cordiformis Maxim., Bull. Acad. Petersb. 18: 62 (1873) (non Wangenh.)
Juglans draconis Dode, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 11: 49 (1909)
Juglans draconis var. formosana (Hayata) A.M.Lu & R.H.Chang
Juglans formosana Hayata, J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 30(1): 283-284 (1911)
Juglans mandshurica f. stenocarpa Uyeki, Woody Pl. Distr. Chosen 1: 12 (1940)
Juglans mandshurica var. sieboldiana Makino, Fl. Japan (Makino & Nemoto) 81 (1925)
Juglans mandshurica var. stenocarpa (Maxim.) Nakai, Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus., Tokyo 31: 38 (1952)
Juglans sieboldiana Maxim., Bull. Acad. Petersb. 18: 60 (1873) non Gopert.
Juglans stenocarpa Maxim., Prim. Fl. Amur. 78 (1859)

Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Continental: asia-Temperate
Regional: China
China (Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangxi, Guizhou, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Taiwan
Regional: Eastern Asia
North Korea; South Korea; Russian Far East

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References
Primary references

Maximowicz, C.J., 1856. Bull. Cl. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 15: 127

Additional references

Komarov, V.L. et al. (eds.). 1934–1964. Flora SSSR. 30 vols. Moscow/Leningrad: Botanicheskii institut, Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR. Reference page.
Stanford, A.M., Harden, R. & Parks, C.R., 2000. Phylogeny and Biogeography of Juglans (Juglandaceae) Based on matK and ITS Sequence Data. American Journal of Botany 87(6): 872–882. DOI: 10.2307/2656895 Reference page.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2022. Juglans mandshurica in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2022 Mar 02. Reference page.
Hassler, M. 2022. Juglans mandshurica. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2022. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2022 Mar 02. Reference page.
Tropicos.org 2022. Juglans mandshurica. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 02 Mar 2022.
International Plant Names Index. 2022. Juglans mandshurica. Published online. Accessed: Mar 02 2022.

Vernacular names
беларуская: Арэх маньчжурскі
English: Manchurian Walnut
suomi: Mantšurianjalopähkinä
français: Noyer du Mandchurie
한국어: 가래나무
Türkçe: Mançurya cevizi

Juglans mandshurica (Chinese: 胡桃楸), also known as Manchurian walnut,[2] or Tigernut, is a deciduous tree of the genus Juglans (section Cardiocaryon), native to the Eastern Asiatic Region (China, Russian Far East, North Korea and South Korea). It grows to about 25 m.

This species was first described by the Russian botanist Carl Johann Maximowicz, in Bulletin de la Classe Physico-Mathématique de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de Saint-Pétersbourg, which was published in 1856.[3]

The leaves are alternate, 40–90 cm long, odd-pinnate, with 7–19 leaflets, 6–17 cm long and 2–7.5 cm broad (margin serrate or serrulate, apex acuminate). The male flowers are in drooping catkins 9–40 cm long, the wind-pollinated female flowers (April–May) are terminal, in spikes of 4 to 10, ripening in August–October into nuts, 3-7.5 × 3–5 cm, with densely glandular pubescent green husk and very thick shell.

The tree is exceptionally hardy (down to at least -45 °C), has a relatively short vegetation period compared to other walnuts, grows rapidly and is cultivated as an ornamental in colder temperate regions all over the Northern Hemisphere. (For example, it has been found to grow satisfactorily in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.[4]) The kernels of the nuts are edible, but small and difficult to extract. The timber is in use, but less valuable than that of English walnut or black walnut.
Rendeux AR3bJPG.jpg

The Manchurian walnut contains and exudes much lesser quantities of allelopathic compounds (such as juglone) than other popular Juglans species[5] and usually causes few significant allelopathic effects in cultivation.

Juglans cathayensis, characterized by tomentose leaflets, producing more flowers per spike and growing south of the Yellow River, was sometimes recognized as a species separate from J. mandshurica.

The Japanese walnut (オニグルミ) is listed by some authorities as Juglans mandshurica var. sachalinensis (syn. "Juglans ailantifolia")
References

Juglans mandshurica Maximowicz, Bull. Cl. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, sér. 2. 15: 127. 1856.
Lee, Sangtae; Chang, Kae Sun, eds. (2015). English Names for Korean Native Plants (PDF). Pocheon: Korea National Arboretum. p. 503. ISBN 978-89-97450-98-5. Retrieved 7 March 2019 – via Korea Forest Service.
Christophe Wiart (5 November 2012). Lead Compounds from Medicinal Plants for the Treatment of Cancer. Academic Press. pp. 341–. ISBN 978-0-12-398371-8.
Barkley, Shelley (2007-05-22). "Juglans sp. (Butternut/Walnut)". Government of Alberta. Archived from the original on 2007-09-21. Retrieved 2007-10-27.
Помогайбин А.В., Кавеленова Л.М., Силаева О.Н. (2002). Некоторые особенности химического состава и биологической активности листового отпада видов рода орех (Juglans L.) при интродукции в Среднем Поволжье Archived 2007-10-25 at the Wayback Machine. Химия растительного сырья 4, 43-47.