Fadogia

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Asterids
Cladus: Lamiids
Ordo: Gentianales

Familia: Rubiaceae
Subfamilia: Ixoroideae
Tribus: Vanguerieae
Genus: Fadogia
Species: F. ancylantha – F. andersonii – F. arenicola – F. audruana – F. butayei – F. caespitosa – F. chlorantha – F. chrysantha – F. cienkowskii – F. cinerascens – F. elskensii – F. erythrophloea – F. fragrans – F. fuchsioides – F. glaberrima – F. gossweileri – F. graminea – F. homblei – F. lactiflora – F. latifolia – F. leucophloea – F. luangwae – F. oblongolanceolata – F. obscura – F. olivacea – F. parvifolia – F. pobeguinii – F. punctulata – F. rostrata – F. salictaria – F. schmitzii – F. spectabilis – F. stenophylla – F. tetraquetra – F. tomentosa – F. triphylla – F. variifolia – F. verdcourtii – F. verdickii – F. vollesenii
Name

Fadogia Schweinf., Rel. Kotsch. 47. t. 32. (1868)

Type species: Fadogia cienkowskii Schweinf., Reliq. Kotschy.: 47. (1868)

Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Africa
West Tropical Africa
Benin, Burkina, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Mali, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierre Leone, Togo.
West-Central Tropical Africa
Burundi, Cabinda, Central African Republic, Cameroon, Congo, Rwanda, Zaïre.
Northeast Tropical Africa
Chad, Ethiopia, Sudan.
East Tropical Africa
Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda.
South Tropical Africa
Angola, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
Southern Africa
Caprivi Strip, Namibia, Swaziland, Northern Provinces.

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References

Schweinfurth, G.A. 1868. Rel. Kotsch. 47. t. 32.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2019. Fadogia in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2019 Apr. 6. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2019. Fadogia. Published online. Accessed: Apr. 6 2019.
Lantz, H. & Bremer, B. 2005. Phylogeny of the complex Vanguerieae (Rubiaceae) genera Fadogia, Rytigynia, and Vangueria with close relatives and a new circumscription of Vangueria. Plant Systematics and Evolution 253(1-4): 159-183. DOI: 10.1007/s00606-005-0313-9 PDF Reference page.
Tropicos.org 2019. Fadogia. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2019 Apr. 6.

Fadogia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. The genera Rytigynia and Fadogia form a strongly supported clade but neither of these genera is monophyletic.[1]

Distribution

Fadogia is found in Tropical Africa. F. cienkowskii and F. tetraquetra have the largest distribution and occur from Guinea to the Transvaal province. F. ancylantha and F. erythrophloea are also found in many African countries, but they don't occur so far south. The countries with the highest number of species are Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zambia, Tanzania, and Central African Republic.[2]
Bacterial leaf symbiosis

Endophytic bacteria are housed in the intercellular space of the leaf mesophyll tissue. The presence of these bacteria can only be microscopically ascertained. The bacteria are identified as Burkholderia, which is a genus that is also found in the leaves of other Rubiaceae species.[3][4] The hypothesis is that these endophytic bacteria provide chemical protection against insect herbivory.[5]
Gousiekte

Fadogia homblei is known to cause gousiekte, a cardiotoxicosis of ruminants characterised by heart failure four to eight weeks after ingestion of certain rubiaceous plants.[6]
Species

Fadogia ancylantha Schweinf.
Fadogia andersonii Robyns
Fadogia arenicola K.Schum. & K.Krause
Fadogia audruana M.Fay, J.-P.Lebrun & Stork
Fadogia butayei De Wild.
Fadogia caespitosa Robyns
Fadogia chlorantha K.Schum.
Fadogia chrysantha K.Schum.
Fadogia cienkowskii Schweinf.
Fadogia cinerascens Robyns
Fadogia elskensii De Wild.
Fadogia erythrophloea (K.Schum. & K.Krause) Hutch. & Dalziel
Fadogia fragrans Robyns
Fadogia fuchsioides Schweinf. ex Oliv.
Fadogia glaberrima Welw. ex Hiern
Fadogia gossweileri Robyns
Fadogia graminea Wernham
Fadogia homblei Robyns
Fadogia lactiflora Welw. ex Hiern
Fadogia latifolia A.Chev. ex Robyns
Fadogia leucophloea Schweinf. ex Hiern
Fadogia luangwae Verdc.
Fadogia oblongolanceolata Robyns
Fadogia obscura A.Chev. ex Robyns
Fadogia olivacea Robyns
Fadogia parvifolia Verdc.
Fadogia pobeguinii Pobég.
Fadogia punctulata Robyns
Fadogia rostrata Robyns
Fadogia salictaria S.Moore
Fadogia schmitzii Verdc.
Fadogia spectabilis Milne-Redh.
Fadogia stenophylla Welw. ex Hiern
Fadogia tetraquetra K.Schum. & K.Krause
Fadogia tomentosa De Wild.
Fadogia triphylla Baker
Fadogia variifolia Robyns
Fadogia verdcourtii Tennant
Fadogia verdickii De Wild. & T.Durand
Fadogia vollesenii Verdc.

References

Lantz H, Bremer B (2005). "Phylogeny of the complex Vanguerieae (Rubiaceae) genera Fadogia, Rytigynia, and Vangueria with close relatives and a new circumscription of Vangueria". Plant Systematics and Evolution. 253 (1–4): 159–183. doi:10.1007/s00606-005-0313-9. S2CID 30867982.
"Rytigynia in the World Checklist of Rubiaceae". Retrieved October 2013. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
Verstraete B, Janssens S, Smets E, Dessein S (2013). "Symbiotic beta-proteobacteria beyond legumes: Burkholderia in Rubiaceae". PLOS ONE. 8 (1): e55260. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0055260. PMC 3555867. PMID 23372845.
Verstraete B, Janssens S, Lemaire B, Smets E, Dessein S (2013). "Phylogenetic lineages in Vanguerieae (Rubiaceae) associated with Burkholderia bacteria in sub-Saharan Africa". American Journal of Botany. 100 (12): 2380–2387. doi:10.3732/ajb.1300303. PMID 24275705.
Sieber S, Carlier A, Neuburger M, Grabenweger G, Eberl L, Gademann K (2015). "Isolation and total synthesis of kirkamide, an aminocyclitol from an obligate leaf nodule symbiont" (PDF). Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 54 (27): 7968–7970. doi:10.1002/anie.201502696. PMID 26033226.
Verstraete B, Van Elst D, Steyn H, Van Wyk B, Lemaire B, Smets E, Dessein S (2011). "Endophytic bacteria in toxic South African plants: identification, phylogeny and possible involvement in gousiekte". PLOS ONE. 6 (4): e19265. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...619265V. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0019265. PMC 3082559. PMID 21541284.