Croton

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Rosids
Cladus: Eurosids I
Ordo: Malpighiales

Familia: Euphorbiaceae
Subfamilia: Crotonoideae
Tribus: Crotoneae
Genus: Croton
Species:
Top · a · b · c · d · e · f · g · h · i · j · k · l · m · n · o · p · q · r · s · t · u · v · w · x · y · z
a

C. abaitensis – C. abeggii – C. aberrans – C. abruptus – C. abutilifolius – C. abutiloides – C. abutilopsis – C. acapulcensis – C. aceroides – C. ackermannianus – C. acradenius – C. acronychioides – C. acuminatissimus – C. acunae – C. acutifolius – C. adabolavensis – C. adamantinus – C. adenocalyx – C. adenodontus – C. adenophorus – C. adenophyllus – C. adipatus – C. adspersus – C. aequatoris – C. agoensis – C. agrarius – C. agrestis – C. agrophilus – C. alabamensis – C. alagoensis – C. alamosanus – C. albellus – C. alchorneicarpus – C. alienus – C. allemii – C. alloeophyllus – C. alnifolius – C. alnoideus – C. alpinus – C. althaeifolius – C. alvaradonis – C. amazonicus – C. ambanivoulensis – C. ambovombensis – C. ameliae – C. amphileucus – C. amplifolius – C. andinus – C. androiensis – C. angolensis – C. angustifolius – C. angustifrons – C. anisatus – C. anisodontus – C. ankarensis – C. anomalus – C. anosiravensis – C. antae – C. antanosiensis – C. antisyphiliticus – C. apicifolius – C. apostolon – C. appertii – C. araracuarae – C. araripensis – C. arboreus – C. arechavaletae – C. arenicola – C. argentealbidus – C. argenteus – C. argentinus – C. argyranthemus – C. argyratus – C. argyrodaphne – C. argyroglossus – C. argyrophylloides – C. aridus – C. aripoensis – C. arirambae – C. aristophlebius – C. arlineae – C. armstrongii – C. arnhemicus – C. aromaticus – C. artibonitensis – C. ascendens – C. asperrimus – C. astianus – C. astraeatus – C. astrogynus – C. astroites – C. astrophorus – C. ater – C. atrorufus – C. aubrevilecta – C. aubrevillei – C. aureomarginatus – C. avulsus – C. axillaris – C. aymoniniorum – C. azurensis
b

C. babuyanensis – C. badiocalyx – C. bahamensis – C. baillonianus – C. baldauffii – C. balsameus – C. bangii – C. barahonensis – C. barbatus – C. barorum – C. bastardii – C. batangasensis – C. bathianus – C. beetlei – C. belintae – C. bemaranus – C. bemarivensis – C. berberifolius – C. bergassae – C. bernierus – C. betaceus – C. betiokensis – C. betulaster – C. betulinus – C. bevilaniensis – C. bhasanthiae – C. biaroensis – C. bidentatus – C. bifurcatus – C. billbergianus – C. bilocularis – C. bispinosus – C. bisserratus – C. bixoides – C. blanchetianus – C. boavitanus – C. bogotanus – C. boinensis – C. boissieri – C. boiteaui – C. boivinianus – C. bojerianus – C. bolivarensis – C. boliviensis – C. bondaensis – C. bonplandianus – C. borhidii – C. borneensis – C. boutonianus – C. brachypus – C. brachytrichus – C. bracteatus – C. brassii – C. bredemeyeri – C. bresolinii – C. brevipes – C. brevispicatus – C. brieyi – C. brittonianus – C. bryophorus – C. buchii – C. buchtienii – C. burchellii – C. buxifolius – C. byrnesii
c

C. caboensis – C. cajucara – C. caldensis – C. calderi – C. californicus – C. callicarpifolius – C. calocephalus – C. calonervosus – C. calyciglandulosus – C. calycinus – C. calycireduplicatus – C. calycularis – C. campenonii – C. campestris – C. caperoniifolius – C. capitatus – C. capitis-york – C. capuronii – C. caracasanus – C. carandaitensis – C. cardenasii – C. carinatus – C. carrii – C. caryocarpus – C. caryophyllus – C. cascarilla – C. cascarilloides – C. cassinioides – C. catamarcensis – C. catariae – C. catati – C. catharinensis – C. catinganus – C. caudatus – C. ceanothifolius – C. cearensis – C. celtidifolius – C. cerinodentatus – C. cerinus – C. chaetocalyx – C. chaetophorus – C. chamanus – C. chamelensis – C. chapelieri – C. charaguensis – C. chauvetiae – C. chiapensis – C. chichenensis – C. chilensis – C. chiribiquetensis – C. chittagongensis – C. chlaenacicomes – C. chlorocalyx – C. chloroleucus – C. chocoanus – C. choristadenius – C. choristolepis – C. chrysocladus – C. chrysodaphne – C. chunianus – C. churumayensis – C. chypreae – C. cienagensis – C. ciliatoglandulifer – C. cinctus – C. cinerascens – C. cinerellus – C. citrifolius – C. claessensii – C. claussenianus – C. clavuliger – C. cliffordii – C. cnidophyllus – C. coccineus – C. coccymelophyllus – C. colliguay – C. colombianus – C. colubrinoides – C. columnaris – C. comanthus – C. comatus – C. comayaguanus – C. comes – C. comosus – C. compressus – C. confertus – C. confinis – C. congensis – C. congestus – C. consanguineus – C. conspurcatus – C. constrictus – C. cooperianus – C. corallicola – C. corchoropsis – C. cordatulus – C. cordeiroae – C. cordiifolius – C. cordobensis – C. coriaceus – C. coriifolius – C. corinthius – C. coronatus – C. corrientesianus – C. cortesianus – C. corumbensis – C. coryi – C. corylifolius – C. costatus – C. cotabatensis – C. cotoneaster – C. craspedotrichus – C. crassifolius – C. crispatus – C. crocodilorum – C. croizatii – C. crustulifer – C. cubiensis – C. cuchillae-nigrae – C. cucutensis – C. culiacanensis – C. cuneatus – C. cupreatus – C. cupreus – C. cupuliferus – C. curiosus – C. currarii – C. curuguatyensis – C. curvipes – C. cuyabensis – C. cycloideus
d

C. damayeshu – C. danguyanus – C. debilis – C. decalobus – C. decalvatus – C. decaryi – C. decipiens – C. delpyi – C. denisii – C. densivestitus – C. deserticola – C. desertorum – C. diasii – C. dibindi – C. dichogamus – C. dichrous – C. dictyophlebodes – C. didrichsenii – C. dinghuensis – C. dioicus – C. discolor – C. disjunctus – C. dispar – C. dissectistipulatus – C. dockrillii – C. doctoris – C. dodecamerus – C. dolichostachyus – C. dongnaiensis – C. doratophylloides – C. doratophyllus – C. douradensis – C. draco – C. dracona – C. draconoides – C. draconopsis – C. dracunculoides – C. dusenii – C. dybowskii
e

C. eberhardtii – C. echinulatus – C. echioides – C. eggersii – C. ehrenbergii – C. eichleri – C. ekmanii – C. elaeagni – C. elaeagnoides – C. elbertii – C. elliotianus – C. elliottii – C. ellipticus – C. elskensii – C. eluteria – C. emeliae – C. emporiorum – C. ensifolius – C. eremophilus – C. ericius – C. ericoides – C. eriocladoides – C. eriocladus – C. erythrochilus – C. erythrochyloides – C. erythrostachys – C. erythroxyloides – C. eskuchei – C. essequiboensis – C. euryphyllus – C. excisus – C. exuberans
f

C. fallax – C. fantzianus – C. farinosus – C. faroensis – C. fastuosus – C. fergusonii – C. ferruginellus – C. ferrugineus – C. fianarantsoae – C. fishlockii – C. flavens – C. flavescens – C. flaviglandulosus – C. flavispicatus – C. floccosus – C. floribundus – C. fluminensis – C. fothergillifolius – C. fragilis – C. fragrans – C. fragrantulus – C. francoanus – C. fraseri – C. frieseanus – C. frionis – C. fruticulosus – C. fulvus – C. funckianus – C. fuscescens
g

C. gageanus – C. galeopsifolius – C. garckeanus – C. gardneri – C. gardnerianus – C. gaumeri – C. geayi – C. geraesensis – C. gibsonianus – C. gilgianus – C. glabellus – C. glabrescens – C. glandulosepalus – C. glandulosodentatus – C. glandulosus – C. glaziovii – C. glechomifolius – C. glomeratus – C. glutinosus – C. glyptospermus – C. gnaphalii – C. gnaphaloides – C. gnidiaceus – C. gomezii – C. gonaivensis – C. gossweileri – C. gossypiifolius – C. goudotii – C. goyazensis – C. gracilescens – C. gracilipes – C. grandivelum – C. grangerioides – C. gratissimus – C. grazielae – C. greveanus – C. grewiifolius – C. grewioides – C. griffithii – C. grisebachianus – C. griseus – C. grossedentatus – C. guaiquinimae – C. guaraniticus – C. guatemalensis – C. guerelae – C. guianensis – C. guildingii – C. gynopetalus
h

C. habrophyllus – C. hadrianii – C. haitiensis – C. hancei – C. harmsianus – C. hasskarlianus – C. hasslerianus – C. haumanianus – C. hauthalii – C. hecatonandrus – C. heliaster – C. helichrysum – C. helicoideus – C. heliotropiifolius – C. hemiargyreus – C. hentyi – C. herzogianus – C. heteranthus – C. heterocalyx – C. heterocarpus – C. heterochrous – C. heterodoxus – C. heteroneurus – C. heterotrichus – C. hialmarsonii – C. hibiscifolius – C. hieronymi – C. hilarii – C. hildebrandtii – C. hircinus – C. hirtus – C. hoffmannii – C. holguinensis – C. holodiscus – C. holtonii – C. hondensis – C. horminum – C. horridulus – C. hostmannii – C. hovarum – C. howii – C. huajuapanensis – C. huberi – C. huitotorus – C. humbertii – C. humblotii – C. humilis – C. hutchinsonianus – C. hypoleucus
i

C. icabarui – C. icche – C. ichthygaster – C. ignifex – C. ihosiana – C. ikopae – C. impressus – C. inaequilobus – C. incanus – C. incertus – C. incisus – C. indivisus – C. inhambanensis – C. inops – C. insularis – C. integrifolius – C. integrilobus – C. intercedens – C. intricata – C. isabellei – C. isomonensis – C. itacolumi – C. iteophyllus – C. ituzaingensis – C. itzaeus – C. ivohibensis
j

C. jacmelianus – C. jacobinensis – C. jamesonii – C. janeirensis – C. jansii – C. japirensis – C. jatropha – C. jatrophifolius – C. jatrophoides – C. jaucoensis – C. javarisensis – C. jennyanus – C. jimenezii – C. jorgei – C. josephina – C. joufra – C. jucundus – C. julopsidium – C. junceus – C. jutiapensis
k

C. kalkmannii – C. kaloae – C. kelantanicus – C. kerrii – C. killipianus – C. kilwae – C. kimosorus – C. klaenzei – C. kleinii – C. klotzschianus – C. kongensis – C. kongkandanus – C. krabas – C. krukoffianus – C. kurzii
l

C. laccifer – C. lachnocarpus – C. lachnocladus – C. lachnostachyus – C. laciniatistylus – C. laeticapsulus – C. laevigatus – C. lagoensis – C. lamdongensis – C. lamianus – C. lanatus – C. lanceilimbus – C. lanceolaris – C. landoltii – C. langsdorffii – C. langsonensis – C. laniflorus – C. laoticus – C. lapanus – C. lapiazicola – C. larensis – C. laseguei – C. lasiopetaloides – C. lasiopyrus – C. latsonensis – C. laui – C. lauioides – C. laureltyanus – C. laurinus – C. lawianus – C. leandrii – C. lechleri – C. lehmannii – C. leiophyllus – C. leonensis – C. lepidotus – C. lepidus – C. leptanthus – C. leptobotryus – C. leptophyllus – C. leptopus – C. leptostachyus – C. leucadenius – C. leuconeurus – C. leucophlebius – C. leucophyllus – C. levatii – C. leytensis – C. lichenisilvae – C. liebmannii – C. limae – C. limnocharis – C. lindheimerianus – C. lindmanii – C. lindquistii – C. linearifolius – C. linearis – C. lissophyllus – C. lithrifolius – C. lobatus – C. lombardianus – C. longifolius – C. longinervius – C. longipedicellatus – C. longiracemosus – C. longiradiatus – C. longissimus – C. lorentzii – C. lotorius – C. loukandensis – C. louvelii – C. luciae – C. lucidus – C. luetzelburgii – C. lundianus – C. luteovirens – C. luzianus – C. luzoniensis
m

C. macbridei – C. macradenis – C. macrobothrys – C. macrobuxus – C. macrocarpus – C. macrodontus – C. macrolepis – C. macrostachyus – C. macrostigma – C. maculatus – C. madandensis – C. maevaranensis – C. magdalenae – C. magdalenensis – C. magneticus – C. magnifolius – C. malabaricus – C. malacotrichus – C. malambo – C. mallotophyllus – C. malvaviscifolius – C. malvoides – C. mamillatus – C. manampetsae – C. mandonis – C. mansfeldii – C. maracayuensis – C. margaritensis – C. martii – C. martinianus – C. martinicensis – C. masonii – C. matourensis – C. matudai – C. mauritianus – C. mavoravina – C. mayumbensis – C. mazapensis – C. mcvaughii – C. medians – C. medusae – C. meeboldianus – C. meeusei – C. megaladenus – C. megalobotryoides – C. megalobotrys – C. megalocalyx – C. megalocarpoides – C. megalocarpus – C. megalodendron – C. megaponticus – C. megistocarpus – C. meissneri – C. mekongensis – C. melanoleucus – C. membranaceus – C. menabeensis – C. menarandrae – C. menthodorus – C. mentiens – C. menyharthii – C. meridensis – C. meridionalis – C. merrillianus – C. metallicus – C. mexicanus – C. miarensis – C. micans – C. michaelii – C. michauxii – C. micradenus – C. microcalyx – C. microcarpus – C. microgyne – C. microphyllinus – C. microstachys – C. microtiglium – C. migrans – C. milanjensis – C. milleri – C. millspaughii – C. mimeticus – C. minimus – C. miradorensis – C. miraflorensis – C. missionum – C. mocinoi – C. mocquerysii – C. mollii – C. mollis – C. monanthogynus – C. mongue – C. monogynus – C. montevidensis – C. montis-silam – C. moonii – C. moraharivensis – C. morifolius – C. morobensis – C. morotaeus – C. moustiquensis – C. mubango – C. mucronifolius – C. multicaulis – C. multicostatus – C. multiramineus – C. munizii – C. muricatus – C. muriculatus – C. muscicapa – C. mutabilis – C. mutisianus – C. myrianthus – C. myriaster – C. myricifolius – C. myriodontus – C. myrsinites
n

C. neblinae – C. neomexicanus – C. nepalensis – C. nepetifolius – C. nervosus – C. neuwiedii – C. nigricans – C. nigritanus – C. nigroviridis – C. nitens – C. nitidulifolius – C. nitidulus – C. nitrariifolius – C. niveus – C. nivifer – C. nobilis – C. noronhae – C. novae-astigis – C. novi-friburgi – C. nubigenus – C. nudatus – C. nudulus – C. nummulariifolius – C. nummularius – C. nuntians
o

C. oblongus – C. obtusus – C. occidentalis – C. ochromifolius – C. odontadenius – C. odoratus – C. oerstedianus – C. olanchanus – C. oleoides – C. oligandrus – C. oliganthus – C. olivaceus – C. ophiticola – C. orbicularis – C. orbignyanus – C. oreades – C. organensis – C. orientesensis – C. origanifolius – C. orinocensis – C. ortegae – C. ortholobus – C. ovalifolius – C. oxyphyllus
p

C. pachecensis – C. pachypodus – C. pachyrachis – C. pachysepalus – C. pagiveteris – C. palanostigma – C. palawanensis – C. pallidulus – C. pallidus – C. palmatus – C. palmeri – C. paludosus – C. pampangensis – C. panduriformis – C. pannosus – C. paraensis – C. paraguayensis – C. pardinus – C. parksii – C. parodianus – C. parvifolius – C. patrum – C. paucistamineus – C. paulinianus – C. paulinus – C. pavonianus – C. pavonis – C. paxianus – C. payaquensis – C. pedersenii – C. pedicellatus – C. pedunculatus – C. peekelii – C. pellitus – C. peltatus – C. peltieri – C. peltophorus – C. pendens – C. penduliflorus – C. penninervis – C. peraeruginosus – C. peraffinis – C. perimetralensis – C. perintricatus – C. perlongiflorus – C. perrieri – C. persimilis – C. perspeciosus – C. peruvianus – C. pervestitus – C. perviscosus – C. petraeus – C. phaenodon – C. phebalioides – C. phuquocensis – C. phyllanthus – C. piauhiensis – C. pilgeri – C. pilophorus – C. pilosus – C. piluliferus – C. pimeleus – C. piptocalyx – C. plagiograptus – C. planaltoanus – C. platyphyllus – C. pleytei – C. poecilanthus – C. poggei – C. pohlianus – C. poilanei – C. poitaei – C. polot – C. polyandrum – C. polycarpus – C. polygonoides – C. polypleurus – C. polytomus – C. polytrichus – C. pomaderris – C. pontis – C. poomae – C. potabilis – C. potaroensis – C. pottsii – C. priorianus – C. priscus – C. procumbens – C. promunturii – C. prostratus – C. pseudoadipatus – C. pseudofragrans – C. pseudoglabellus – C. pseudoniloticus – C. pseudoniveus – C. pseudopopulus – C. pseudopulchellus – C. pubescens – C. pulcher – C. pulegiodorus – C. pulegioides – C. pullei – C. punctatus – C. puncticulatus – C. pungens – C. purdiei – C. purpurascens – C. pycnadenius – C. pycnanthus – C. pycnocephalus – C. pycnophyllus – C. pynaertii – C. pyrifolius – C. pyrosoma
q

C. quadrisetosus – C. quercetorum – C. quintasii – C. quisumbingianus
r

C. radlkoferi – C. rakotoniainii – C. ramboi – C. ramellae – C. ramillatus – C. ranohirae – C. rarus – C. rectipilis – C. redolens – C. reflexifolius – C. refractus – C. regelianus – C. regeneratrix – C. regnellianus – C. rehderianus – C. reitzii – C. repandus – C. repens – C. rhamnifolioides – C. rheedei – C. rheophyticus – C. rhexiifolius – C. rhodostachyus – C. rimbachii – C. ripensis – C. rivinifolius – C. rivularis – C. roborensis – C. robustior – C. robustus – C. roraimensis – C. rosarianus – C. rosmarinoides – C. rottlerifolius – C. rotundifolius – C. roxanae – C. rubiginosus – C. rubricapitirupis – C. ruderalis – C. rudolphianus – C. rufoargenteus – C. rufolepidotus – C. ruizianus – C. rumicifolius – C. rupestris – C. rusbyi – C. russulus – C. rutilus
s

C. sacaquinha – C. sagraeanus – C. saipanensis – C. sakamaliensis – C. saltensis – C. salutaris – C. salviformis – C. salzmannii – C. samarensis – C. sampatik – C. sanctae-crucis – C. sancti-lazari – C. sancti-paulii – C. santaritensis – C. santisukii – C. santolinus – C. sapiiflorus – C. sapiifolius – C. sarcopetaloides – C. sarcopetalus – C. sarocarpus – C. scaber – C. scabiosus – C. scarciesii – C. scheffleri – C. schiedeanus – C. schimperianus – C. schultesii – C. schultzii – C. sclerocalyx – C. scopuligenus – C. scoriarum – C. scottii – C. scouleri – C. scutatus – C. sellowii – C. seminudus – C. semivestitus – C. senescens – C. sepalinus – C. seputubensis – C. seretii – C. serpyllifolius – C. serratifolius – C. serratoideus – C. serratus – C. sesseianus – C. setigerus – C. sexmetralis – C. shreveanus – C. sibundoyensis – C. siderophyllus – C. sidifolius – C. siltepecensis – C. silvanus – C. simulans – C. sincorensis – C. singularis – C. sipaliwinensis – C. skutchii – C. smithianus – C. socotranus – C. solanaceus – C. soliman – C. somalensis – C. sonderianus – C. sonorae – C. soratensis – C. sordidus – C. sousae – C. speciosus – C. sphaerogynus – C. spica – C. spiciflorus – C. spiraeifolius – C. spiralis – C. spissirameus – C. splendidus – C. spruceanus – C. spurcus – C. stahelianus – C. staminosus – C. standleyanus – C. stanneum – C. steenkampianus – C. stellatoferrugineus – C. stellatopilosus – C. stelluliferus – C. stenopetalus – C. stenophyllus – C. stenosepalus – C. stenotrichus – C. stigmatosus – C. stipulaceus – C. stipularis – C. stipulatus – C. stipuliformis – C. stockeri – C. stoechadis – C. stylosus – C. suaveolens – C. suavis – C. subacutus – C. subaemulans – C. subagrarius – C. subcinerellus – C. subcomosus – C. subcompressus – C. subcoriaceus – C. subdecumbens – C. subdioecus – C. suberosus – C. subferrugineus – C. subfragilis – C. subglaber – C. subincanus – C. subjucundus – C. sublepidotus – C. sublinearis – C. sublucidus – C. sublyratus – C. submetallicus – C. subpannosus – C. subserratus – C. subsuavis – C. subvillosus – C. sucrensis – C. sulcifructus – C. sumatranus – C. sutup – C. suyapensis – C. sylvaticus
t

C. tabascensis – C. tacanensis – C. talaeporos – C. tamberlikii – C. tanalorum – C. tarapotensis – C. tardiflorens – C. tartonraira – C. tartonrairoides – C. tatacuensis – C. tchibangensis – C. tejucensis – C. tenellus – C. tenuicaudatus – C. tenuifolius – C. terminalis – C. tessmannii – C. tetradenius – C. teucridium – C. texensis – C. thellungianus – C. thermarum – C. thoii – C. thorelii – C. thouarsianus – C. thurifer – C. thymelinus – C. tiglium – C. tiliifolius – C. timandroides – C. timotensis – C. tocantinsensis – C. tomentellus – C. tonantinensis – C. tonduzii – C. torreyanus – C. touranensis – C. tranomarensis – C. tremulifolius – C. triacros – C. triangularis – C. trichophilus – C. trichotomus – C. tricolor – C. tridentatus – C. triglandulatus – C. trigonocarpus – C. trinitatis – C. triqueter – C. trombetensis – C. troncosoi – C. truxillanus – C. tsaratananae – C. tsiampiensis – C. tuerckheimii – C. tulasnei – C. turnerifolius – C. turumiquirensis – C. tyndaridum
u

C. umbratilis – C. uribei – C. urticifolius – C. urucurana – C. uruguayensis
v

C. vaccinioides – C. vaillantii – C. varelae – C. vatomandrensis – C. vaughanii – C. vauthierianus – C. velame – C. vellozianus – C. velutinus – C. venezuelensis – C. venturii – C. vepretorum – C. verapazensis – C. verbascoides – C. verbenifolius – C. vergarenae – C. vermoesenii – C. vernicosus – C. verreauxii – C. verrucosus – C. versicolor – C. verticillatus – C. vestitus – C. vidalii – C. vietnamensis – C. villosissimus – C. viminalis – C. virgultosus – C. viridulus – C. virletianus – C. vitifolius – C. vogelianus – C. vohibariensis – C. vulnerarius – C. vulpinus
w

C. wagneri – C. wallichii – C. waltherioides – C. warmingii – C. wassi-kussae – C. waterhouseae – C. watsonii – C. websteri – C. wellensii – C. widgrenianus – C. wigginsii – C. willdenowii – C. wilsonii – C. wissmannii – C. wittianus – C. womersleyi
x

C. xalapensis – C. xanthochylus – C. xiaopadou
y

C. yacaensis – C. yanhuii – C. yavitensis – C. yecorensis – C. yerbalium – C. ynesae – C. ypanemensis – C. ysabelae – C. yucatanensis – C. yungensis – C. yunnanensis
z

C. zambalensis – C. zambesicus – C. zavaletae – C. zehntneri – C. zeylanicus
Name

Croton L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1004 (1753).

Lectotype (designated by Britton, N.L. 1918. Fl. Bermuda 207. Scribner, New York): Croton tiglium L.
later superfluous Lectotypification (designated by Webster, J. Arnold Arbor. 48: 354. 1967): Croton aromaticus L.

Synonyms

Heterotypic
Cascarilla Adans., Fam. Pl. 2: 355 (1763).
Cieca Adans., Fam. Pl. 2: 355 (1763), nom. rej.
Aroton Neck., Elem. Bot. 2: 336 (1790), opus utique oppr.
Brunsvia Neck., Elem. Bot. 3: 337 (1790), opus utique oppr.
Cinogasum Neck., Elem. Bot. 2: 336 (1790), opus utique oppr.
Tridesmis Lour., Fl. Cochinch.: 576 (1790).
Schradera Willd., Gött. J. Naturwiss. 1: 2 (1797), nom. illeg.
Schousboea Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4, 2: 578 (1799).
Crotonopsis Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 185 (1803).
Leptemon Raf., Med. Repos., ser. 2, 5: 352 (1808).
Lascadium Raf., Fl. Ludov.: 114 (1817).
Friesia Spreng., Anleit. Kenntn. Gew. 2(2): 885 (1818).
Anisepta Raf., Neogenyton: 1 (1825), alternative name for Heptallon Raf. (1825).
Decarinium Raf., Neogenyton: 1 (1825).
Drepadenium Raf., Neogenyton: 2 (1825).
Heptallon Raf., Neogenyton: 1 (1825).
Heptanis Raf., Neogenyton: 1 (1825), nom. altern.
Hendecandra Eschsch., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Pétersbourg Hist. Acad. 10: 287 (1826).
Leontia Rchb., Consp. Regn. Veg.: 195 (1828).
Julocroton Mart., Flora 20(2): 119 (1837), nom. cons.
Halecus Rumph. ex Raf., Sylva Tellur.: 62 (1838).
Kurkas Raf., Sylva Tellur.: 62 (1838).
Luntia Neck. ex Raf., Sylva Tellur.: 62 (1838).
Penteca Raf., Sylva Tellur.: 62 (1838).
Semilta Raf., Sylva Tellur.: 63 (1838).
Triplandra Raf., Sylva Tellur.: 62 (1838).
Astrogyne Benth., Pl. Hartw.: 14 (1839).
Aldinia Raf., Autik. Bot.: 50 (1840).
Banalia Raf., Autik. Bot.: 50 (1840).
Merleta Raf., Autik. Bot.: 49 (1840).
Pleopadium Raf., Autik. Bot.: 50 (1840).
Vandera Raf., Autik. Bot.: 49 (1840).
Cleodora Klotzsch, Arch. Naturgesch. 7: 196 (1841).
Engelmannia Klotzsch, Arch. Naturgesch. 7: 253 (1841), nom. illeg.
Eutropia Klotzsch, Arch. Naturgesch. 7: 196 (1841).
Geiseleria Klotzsch, Arch. Naturgesch. 7: 254 (1841).
Medea Klotzsch, Arch. Naturgesch. 7: 198 (1841).
Ocalia Klotzsch, Arch. Naturgesch. 7: 195 (1841).
Pilinophytum Klotzsch, Arch. Naturgesch. 7: 255 (1841).
Podostachys Klotzsch, Arch. Naturgesch. 7: 193 (1841).
Timandra Klotzsch, Arch. Naturgesch. 7: 197 (1841).
Angelandra Endl., Gen. Pl., Suppl. 3: 69 (1843).
Brachystachys Klotzsch, London J. Bot. 2: 47 (1843).
Heterochlamys Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 16: 61 (1843).
Lasiogyne Klotzsch, Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 19(Suppl. 1): 418 (1843).
Palanostigma Mart. ex Klotzsch, London J. Bot. 2: 49 (1843).
Tiglium Klotzsch, Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 19(Suppl. 1): 418 (1843).
Eremocarpus Benth., Bot. Voy. Sulphur: 53 (1844).
Macrocroton Klotzsch in M.R.Schomburgk, Fauna Fl. Brit. Gui.: 1186 (1848).
Barhamia Klotzsch in B.Seemann, Narr. Voy. Herald: 104 (1853).
Cyclostigma Klotzsch in B.C.Seemann, Bot. Voy. Herald: 204 (1853), nom. illeg.
Gynamblosis Torr., Rep. Marcy Exped.: 295 (1853).
Crotonanthus Klotzsch ex Schltdl., Linnaea 26: 634 (1855).
Calypteriopetalon Hassk., Flora 40: 531 (1857).
Centrandra H.Karst., Linnaea 28: 440 (1857).
Myriogomphus Didr., Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1857: 142 (1857).
Codonocalyx Klotzsch ex Baill., Étude Euphorb.: 369 (1858).
Furcaria Boivin ex Baill., Étude Euphorb.: 56 (1858).
Klotzschiphytum Baill., Étude Euphorb.: 382 (1858).
Comatocroton H.Karst., Wochenschr. Gärtnerei Pflanzenk. 2: 6 (1859).
Anisophyllum Boivin ex Baill., Recueil Observ. Bot. 1: 153 (1861), not validly publ.
Argyra Noronha ex Baill., Recueil Observ. Bot. 1: 162 (1861).
Argyrodendron Klotzsch in W.C.H.Peters, Naturw. Reise Mossambique 6(1): 100 (1861).
Aubertia Chapel. ex Baill., Recueil Observ. Bot. 1: 162 (1861).
Monguia Chapel. ex Baill., Recueil Observ. Bot. 1: 147 (1861).
Leucadenia Klotzsch ex Baill., Adansonia 4: 338 (1864).
Calyptriopetalum Hassk. ex Müll.Arg. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 15(2): 513 (1866).
Oxydectes L. ex Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 610 (1891).
Heterocroton S.Moore, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. 4: 461 (1895).
Piscaria Piper, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 11: 382 (1906), nom. superfl.
Saipania Hosok., Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 25: 28 (1935).
Moacroton Croizat, J. Arnold Arbor. 26: 189 (1945).
Cubacroton Alain, Candollea 17: 116 (1960).
Elutheria L., Hort. Cliff., Facs. ed.: 486, 487 (1968), nom. illeg.

References
Primary references

Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species plantarum, exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas. Tomus II. Pp. 561–1200, [1–30, index], [1, err.]. Impensis Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae [Stockholm]. BHL Reference page. : 1004.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2020. Croton in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2020 Jun 13. Reference page.
Hassler, M. 2019. Croton. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2019. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2019 Jul. 16. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2019. Croton. Published online. Accessed: Jul. 16 2019.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2019. Croton in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2019 Jul. 16. Reference page.
Tropicos.org 2019. Croton. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 16 Jul. 2019.

Vernacular names
azərbaycanca: Kroton
suomi: Krotonit
hrvatski: Kroton
magyar: Kroton
日本語: ハズ属
മലയാളം: ക്രോട്ടൻ
မြန်မာဘာသာ: သက်ရင်း
polski: Krocień
русский: Кротон
Tiếng Việt: Chi Ba đậu
中文: 巴豆屬

Croton is an extensive flowering plant genus in the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae. The plants of this genus were described and introduced to Europeans by Georg Eberhard Rumphius. The common names for this genus are rushfoil and croton, but the latter also refers to Codiaeum variegatum. The generic name comes from the Greek κρότος (krótos), which means "tick" and refers to the shape of the seeds of certain species.[2]

Description

Croton is a diverse and complex taxonomic group of plants ranging from herbs and shrubs to trees.[3] A well-known member of this genus is Croton tiglium, a shrub native to Southeast Asia. It was first mentioned in European literature by Cristóbal Acosta in 1578 as lignum pavanae. The oil, used in herbal medicine as a violent purgative, is extracted from its seeds. Currently, it is considered unsafe and it is no longer listed in the pharmacopeias of many countries.[4]
Taxonomy
Main article: List of Croton sections
Main article: List of Croton species
Uses
Traditional uses

C. tiglium oil has been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat severe constipation or heal lesions, and is used as a purgative. It is a source of the organic compound phorbol and its tumor-promoting esters, such as 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. In the Amazon, the red latex from the species C. lechleri, known as sangre de drago (dragon's blood), is used as a "liquid bandage", as well as for other medicinal purposes, by native peoples.[5]
Food uses

Cascarilla (C. eluteria) bark is used to flavour the liquor Campari and Vermouth.[6]
Biofuel uses

In Kenya, Croton nuts, such as those from C. megalocarpus,[7] were found to be a more economical source of biofuel than Jatropha. Jatropha requires as much as 20,000 L of water to make a litre of biofuel, while Croton trees grow wild and yield about 35% oil. Croton trees are planted as a windbreak in Kenya and its use as a source of biofuel may benefit rural economies there. As arable land is under population pressure, people have been cutting down the windbreaks to expand farmland. This new use may save the windbreaks, which should help fight desertification.
Ecology

Croton species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Schinia citrinellus, which feeds exclusively on the plant.
Codiaeum variegatum was formerly placed in the genus Croton
Distribution
Croton tiglium

The genus is pantropical, with some species extending into temperate areas.[8] It is one of the largest and most complex genera of angiosperms in Madagascar, where up to 150 Croton species are endemic.[9]
Formerly placed here

Acalypha chamaedrifolia (Lam.) Müll.Arg. (as C. chamaedrifolius Lam.)
Astraea lobata (L.) Klotzsch (as C. lobatus L.)
Caperonia palustris (L.) A.St.-Hil. (as C. palustris L.)
Chrozophora plicata (Vahl) A.Juss. ex Spreng. (as C. plicatus Vahl)
Claoxylon indicum (Reinw. ex Blume) Hassk. (as C. polot Burm.f.)
Codiaeum variegatum (L.) A.Juss. (as C. variegatus L.)
Homalanthus nutans (G.Forst.) Guill. (as C. nutans G.Forst.)

Macaranga grandifolia (Blanco) Merr. (as C. grandifolius Blanco)
Mallotus japonicus (L.f.) Müll.Arg. (as C. japonicus L.f.)
Mallotus philippensis (Lam.) Müll.Arg. (as C. philippensis Lam.)
Mallotus repandus (Rottler ex Willd.) Müll.Arg. (as C. repandus Rottler ex Willd.)
Savia sessiliflora (Sw.) Willd. (as C. sessiliflorus Sw.)
Terminalia bentzoe (L.) L.f. (as C. bentzoe L.)
Triadica sebifera (L.) Small (as C. sebifer L.)[10]

References

"World Checklist of Selected Plant Families". Retrieved February 28, 2015.
Gledhill, D. (2008). The Names of Plants (4 ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 126. ISBN 978-0-521-86645-3.
"Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison: Croton Research Network". Archived from the original on 2016-03-17. Retrieved 2016-02-11.
"Croton - thenurserylakeland". www.thenurserylakeland.com. Retrieved 2020-05-29.
Raintree Nutrition, Database Entry: Sangre de Grado
"The Sweet Birthday of a Beloved Bitter". Saveur Magazine. Bonnier Corporation. Retrieved 10 May 2018.
Milich, Lenard. "Environmental Comparisons of Croton Megalocarpus vs. Other Tropical Feedstocks" (PDF). Archived from the original on 7 July 2011. Retrieved 9 November 2017. Africa Biofuel.
Croton L., USDA PLANTS
Schatz, G. E. (2001). Generic tree flora of Madagascar. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew & Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis.
"GRIN Species Records of Croton". Archived from the original on 20 January 2009. Retrieved 29 November 2010. Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture.