Classification System: APG IV
Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Asterids
Cladus: Lamiids
Ordo: Lamiales
Familia: Lamiaceae
Subfamilia: Nepetoideae
Tribus: Ocimeae
Subtribus: Plectranthinae
Genus: Coleus
Species C. abyssinicus – C. acariformis – C. achankoviliensis – C. actites – C. adenanthus – C. adenophorus – C. aegyptiacus – C. affinis – C. albicalyx – C. aliciae – C. alloplectus – C. alpinus – C. altanmouiensis – C. amboinicus – C. amicorum – C. amiculatus – C. amoenus – C. anamudianus – C. angolensis – C. angulatus – C. apoensis – C. apreptus – C. apricus – C. arabicus – C. arenicola – C. argentatus – C. argenteus – C. argentifolius – C. articulatus – C. ater – C. auriglandulosus – C. australis – C. autranii – C. barbatus – C. bariensis – C. batesii – C. batianoffii – C. bellus – C. betonicifolius – C. bifidus – C. bipartitus – C. bishopianus – C. blakei – C. bojeri – C. botryosus – C. bourneae – C. bracteatus – C. brazzavillensis – C. buchananii – C. burorum – C. caillei – C. calaminthoides – C. calcicola – C. caldericola – C. calycinus – C. cambodianus – C. caninus – C. carnosifolius – C. cataractarum – C. caudatus – C. celsus – C. centraliafricanus – C. chevalieri – C. ciliatus – C. circinnatus – C. coeruleus – C. comosus – C. confertiflorus – C. congensis – C. congestus – C. conglomeratus – C. crassus – C. cremnus – C. cucullatus – C. cuneatus – C. cyanophyllus – C. cylindraceus – C. daviesii – C. decimus – C. decurrens – C. deflexifolius – C. defoliatus – C. densus – C. descampsii – C. dewildemanianus – C. dichotomus – C. dinteri – C. divaricatus – C. diversus – C. dolichopodus – C. dumicola – C. dysophylloides – C. elliotii – C. eminii – C. engleri – C. erici-rosenii – C. eungellaensis – C. excelsus – C. exilis – C. fasciculatus – C. ferricola – C. foetidus – C. foliatus – C. forsteri – C. fragrantissimus – C. gamblei – C. geminatus – C. gibbosus – C. gigantifolius – C. gillettii – C. glabriflorus – C. globosus – C. goetzenii – C. gossweileri – C. gracilipedicellatum – C. graminifolius – C. grandidentatus – C. graniticola – C. gratus – C. graveolens – C. guerkei – C. habrophyllus – C. hadiensis – C. hallii – C. harmandii – C. helferi – C. hereroensis – C. hijazensis – C. humulopsis – C. hymalis – C. idukkianus – C. igniarioides – C. ignotus – C. inselbergii – C. insignis – C. insularis – C. intraterraneus – C. kanyakumariensis – C. kirkii – C. klossii – C. koulikoroensis – C. kunstleri – C. laetus – C. lanceolatus – C. lancifolius – C. lateriticola – C. laxus – C. leiperi – C. linearifolius – C. livingstonei – C. maculosus – C. magnificus – C. marrubatus – C. megacalyx – C. megadontus – C. melleri – C. meyeri – C. minor – C. minutiflorus – C. minutus – C. mirus – C. mitis – C. monostachyus – C. mutabilis – C. nepetifolius – C. niamniamensis – C. nigericus – C. nitidus – C. niveus – C. omissus – C. orthodontus – C. otostegioides – C. pallidus – C. parishii – C. parvicalyx – C. penicillatus – C. perrieri – C. petraeus – C. petricola – C. phulangkaensis – C. plantagineus – C. platyphyllus – C. polystachyus – C. porcatus – C. porphyranthus – C. prittwitzii – C. prostratus – C. psammophilus – C. pseudospeciosus – C. pulchellus – C. recurvata – C. rhodesianum – C. robustus – C. ruandensis – C. rutenbergianus – C. sahyadricus – C. sallyae – C. sanguineus – C. saxorum – C. scaber – C. schizophyllus – C. schliebenii – C. scruposus – C. scutellarioides – C. sessilifolius – C. shoolamudianus – C. sigmoideus – C. socotranus – C. sphaerocephalus – C. splendens – C. splendidus – C. steenisii – C. stenostachys – C. strictipes – C. strobilifer – C. stuhlmannii – C. suaveolens – C. suffruticosus – C. sylvestris – C. tetradenifolius – C. thalassoscopicus – C. togoensis – C. tomentifolius – C. torrenticola – C. triangularis – C. trullatus – C. umbrosus – C. unguentarius – C. velutinus – C. venteri – C. ventosus – C. venustus – C. verticillatus – C. veyretiae – C. villosus – C. wallamanensis – C. xerophilus – C. xylopodus – C. yemenensis – C. zombensis
Name
Coleus Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 2: 372, verso. (1790) nom. cons.
Type species: Coleus amboinicus Lour., Fl. Cochinch.: 372 (1790)
Synonyms
Homotypic
Majana Rumph. ex Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 523 (1891), nom. superfl.
Type species: non design.
Heterotypic
Pycnostachys Hook., Exot. Fl. 3: t. 202. (1826) pro parte including type, but see its taxon page.
Type species: Pycnostachys coerulea Hook., Exot. Fl. 3: t. 202. (1826)
Solenostemon Thonn. in C.F.Schumacher, Beskr. Guin. Pl.: 271 (1827).
Type species: non design.
Mitsa Chapel. ex Benth., Labiat. Gen. Spec.: 52 (1832), pro syn.
Type species: non design.
Echinostachys E.Mey., Comm. Pl. Afr. Austr.: 243. (1838)
Type species: Echinostachys reticulata E.Mey., Comm. Pl. Afr. Austr. (Meyer) 243. (1837)
Saccostoma Wall. ex Voigt, Hort. Suburb. Calcutt.: 449 (1845).
Type species: non design.
Englerastrum Briq., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 178 (1894).
Type species: non design.
Neomuellera Briq., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 180 (1894).
Type species: non design.
Capitanya Schweinf. ex Gürke, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 21: 105 (1895).
Type species: non design.
Burnatastrum Briq. in H.G.A.Engler & K.A.E.Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4(3A): 358 (1897).
Type species: non design.
Symphostemon Hiern, Cat. Afr. Pl. 1: 867 (1900).
Type species: non design.
Leocus A.Chev., J. Bot. (Morot) 22: 125 (1909).
Type species: non design.
Isodictyophorus Briq., Mém. Soc. Bot. France 8: 285 (1917).
Type species: non design.
Briquetastrum Robyns & Lebrun, Ann. Soc. Sci. Bruxelles, Sér. B 49: 102 (1929).
Type species: non design.
Holostylon Robyns & Lebrun, Ann. Soc. Sci. Bruxelles, Sér. B 49: 103 (1929).
Type species: non design.
Ascocarydion G.Taylor, J. Bot. 69(Suppl. 2): 162 (1931).
Type species: non design.
Neohyptis J.K.Morton, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 58: 258 (1962).
Type species: non design.
Rabdosiella Codd, Bothalia 15: 9 (1984).
Type species: non design.
Calchas P.V.Heath, Calyx 5: 160 (1997).
Type species: non design.
References
Loureiro, J. de 1790. Flora cochinchinensis 2: 372, verso.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2020. Coleus in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2020 May 30. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2020. Coleus. Published online. Accessed: May 30 2020.
Paton, A., Mwanyambo, M. & Culham, A. 2018. Phylogenetic study of Plectranthus, Coleus and allies (Lamiaceae): taxonomy, distribution and medicinal use. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 188(4): 355-376. DOI: doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boy064 Paywall PDF Reference page.
Paton, A.J., Mwanyambo, M., Govaerts, R.H., Smitha, K., Suddee, S., Phillipson, P.B., Wilson, T.C., Forster, P.I. & Culham, A. 2019. Nomenclatural changes in Coleus and Plectranthus (Lamiaceae): a tale of more than two genera. PhytoKeys 129: 1–158. DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.129.34988 Open access Reference page.
Tropicos.org 2020. Coleus. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2020 May 30.
Coleus is a genus of annual or perennial herbs or shrubs, sometimes succulent, sometimes with a fleshy or tuberous rootstock, found in the Old World tropics and subtropics. The relationship among the genera Coleus, Solenostemon and Plectranthus has been confused. Coleus and Solenostemon were sunk into Plectranthus, but recent phylogenetic analysis found Plectranthus to be paraphyletic with respect to other related genera in the subtribe Plectranthinae. The most recent taxonomic treatment of the genus resurrected Coleus, and 212 names were changed from combinations in Plectranthus, Pycnostachys and Anisochilus. Equilabium was segregated from Plectranthus, after phylogenetic studies supported its recognition as a phylogenetically distinct genus.[2]
Coleus are cultivated as ornamental plants, particularly Coleus scutellarioides (syns. Coleus blumei, Plectranthus scutellarioides), which is popular as a garden plant for its brightly colored foliage.
Other species that produce root tubers are cultivated for food, including Coleus esculentus, Coleus rotundifolius and Coleus maculosus subsp. edulis.
Taxonomy
The genus Coleus was first described by João de Loureiro in 1790. Using morphological characters as a guide, it was distinguished from Plectranthus (first described by Charles L'Héritier in 1788) by having its four stamens fused together rather than free to the base. In 1962, J.K. Morton noted that fused stamens were more widespread than previously thought, and accordingly merged Coleus into Plectranthus, while maintaining Solenostemon and some other genera as distinct.[3] Most sources followed Morton in submerging Coleus; some kept Solenostemon distinct, although others submerged it into Plectranthus along with Coleus.[2]
A preliminary study of the tribe Ocimeae in 2004 showed that the subtribe Plectranthinae was monophyletic, with two main clades: one containing the type species of Coleus and including Solenostemon, the other containing the type species of Plectranthus along with some other genera, so that Plectranthus when broadly defined was not monophyletic. A more detailed study in 2018 reached similar conclusions, and suggested that Coleus (including Solenostemon) should be recognized again, Plectranthus more narrowly defined, and a new genus, Equilabium erected for a clade of former Plectranthus species mainly from tropical Africa. The many new binomial combinations needed to implement this approach were provided in 2019.[2]
Phylogeny
Paton et al. in 2019 published a summary cladogram for the subtribe Plectranthinae,[2] based on a study in 2018.[4]
In the version below, the three genera accepted by Paton et al. that formed part of Plectranthus s.l. are highlighted.
| ribe Ocimeae |
|
Species
Main article: List of Coleus species
Paton et al. (2019) list 294 species of Coleus, many transferred from Plectranthus.[2] As of July 2020, Plants of the World Online listed only 25 (most with epithets beginning A–C).[1] Species include:[2]
Coleus amboinicus, syn. Plectranthus amboinicus
Coleus argentatus
Coleus australis
Coleus barbatus, syn. Plectranthus barbatus
Coleus caninus, syn. Plectranthus caninus
Coleus cataractarum
Coleus comosus, syn. Plectranthus ornatus (sold as "Coleus canina" or "scaredy cat plant")
Coleus cremnus
Coleus dissitiflorus
Coleus esculentus, syn. Plectranthus esculentus
Coleus fredericii, syn. Plectranthus welwitschii
Coleus graveolens
Coleus maculosus
Coleus neochilus
Coleus rotundifolius, syn. Plectranthus rotundifolius
Coleus scutellarioides, syns Coleus blumei, Plectranthus scutellarioides
Coleus socotranus, syn. Plectranthus socotranus
Coleus unguentarius, syn. Plectranthus unguentarius
References
"Coleus Lour". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 28 July 2020.
Paton, Alan J.; Mwanyambo, Montfort; Govaerts, Rafaël H.A.; Smitha, Kokkaraniyil; Suddee, Somran; Phillipson, Peter B.; Wilson, Trevor C.; Forster, Paul I. & Culham, Alastair (2019). "Nomenclatural changes in Coleus and Plectranthus (Lamiaceae): a tale of more than two genera". PhytoKeys (129): 1–158. doi:10.3897/phytokeys.129.34988. PMC 6717120. PMID 31523157.
Morton, J.K. (2006). "Plectranthus". In Hedberg, I.; Kelbessa, E.; Edwards, S.; Demissew, S. & Persson, E. (eds.). Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea. Vol. 5. Addis Ababa: The National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University. pp. 586–598. ISBN 978-91-971285-6-8., cited in Paton et al. 2019
Paton, A.; Mwanyambo, M. & Culham, A. (2018). "Phylogenetic study of Plectranthus, Coleus and allies (Lamiaceae): Taxonomy, distribution and medicinal use" (PDF). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 188 (4): 355–376. doi:10.1093/botlinnean/boy064.
Sources
"Coleus Care". Gardening Know How. 15 July 2019. Archived from the original on 15 July 2019. Retrieved 15 July 2019.
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