TEMP

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Asterids
Cladus: Lamiids
Ordo: Lamiales

Familia: Lamiaceae
Subfamilia: Nepetoideae
Tribus: Mentheae
Subtribus: Menthinae
Genus: Clinopodium
Species

C. abchasicum – C. abyssinicum – C. acinos – C. acutifolium – C. albanicum – C. album – C. alpestre – C. alpinum – C. amissum – C. argenteum – C. arkansanum – C. ashei – C. atlanticum – C. austro-osseticum – C. axillare – C. banaoense – C. barbatum – C. barosmum – C. bolivianum – C. brevicalyx – C. breviflorum – C. brevifolium – C. brownei – C. bucheri – C. candidissimum – C. capitellatum – C. caricum – C. caroli-henricanum – C. carolinianum – C. caucasicum – C. cercocarpoides – C. chandleri – C. chilense – C. chinense – C. cilicicum – C. clivorum – C. coccineum – C. congestum – C. corsicum – C. creticum – C. cuifengense – C. cylindristachys – C. dalmaticum – C. darwinii – C. debile – C. dentatum – C. discolor – C. dolichodontum – C. domingense – C. ekmanianum – C. elegans – C. euosmum – C. fasciculatum – C. fauriei – C. flabellifolium – C. foliolosum – C. frivaldszkyanum – C. ganderi – C. gilanicum – C. gilliesii – C. glabellum – C. gracile – C. graveolens – C. griseum – C. heterotrichum – C. hintoniorum – C. hispidulum – C. hydaspidis – C. integerrimum – C. italicum – C. jacquelinae – C. jaliscanum – C. jamesonii – C. javanicum – C. junctionis – C. kallaricum – C. kilimandschari – C. krupkinae – C. kunashirense – C. kurachense – C. lanceolatum – C. latifolium – C. laxiflorum – C. libanoticum – C. loesenerianum – C. longipes – C. ludens – C. macranthum – C. macrostemum – C. maderense – C. maritimum – C. matthewsii – C. megalanthum – C. menitskyi – C. menthifolium – C. mexicanum – C. micranthum – C. micromerioides – C. mimuloides – C. minae – C. molle – C. multicaule – C. multiflorum – C. mutabile – C. myrianthum – C. nanum – C. nepalense – C. nepeta – C. nubigenum – C. nummulariifolium – C. obovatum – C. odorum – C. omeiense – C. pallidum – C. palmeri – C. paradoxum – C. pilosum – C. piperitum – C. plicatulum – C. polycephalum – C. pomelianum – C. procumbens – C. pulchellum – C. pulegium – C. raimondoi – C. rankiniae – C. revolutum – C. robustum – C. rouyanum – C. sandalioticum – C. sardoum – C. schusteri – C. selerianum – C. sericeum – C. sericifolium – C. serpyllifolium – C. shaofengkouensis – C. simense – C. sirnakense – C. soczavae – C. speciosum – C. sphenophyllum – C. striatum – C. suaveolens – C. suborbiculare – C. syriacum – C. taxifolium – C. taygeteum – C. tenellum – C. tomentosum – C. troodi – C. uhligii – C. umbrosum – C. vanum – C. vardarense – C. vargasii – C. vernayanum – C. vimineum – C. vulgare – C. wardii – C. weberbaueriC. brownei - C. chinense - C. douglasii - C. umbrosum -

Nothospecies

C. × alboviride – C. × cadevallii – C. × conillii – C. × hostii – C. × mixtum – C. × pillichianum

Names in synonymy

C. betulifolium – C. grandiflorum – C. hakkaricum – C. majoranifolium – C. pamphylicum – C. repens – C. tauricola
Name

Clinopodium L., Sp. Pl. 2: 587. 1753; Gen. Pl., ed. 5: 256. 1754 s.l.

⧼Lectotype species⧽: Clinopodium vulgare L., Sp. Pl. 2: 587. 1753 (designated by N.L. Britton & A. Brown, Ill. Fl. N.U.S. ed. 2. 3: 139. 7 Jun 1913, supported by M.L. Green, Prop. Brit. Bot. 165. Aug 1929).

Synonyms

Heterotypic
Acinos Mill., Gard. Dict. Abr. ed. 4: s.p. 1754.
Calamintha Mill., Gard. Dict. Abr. ed. 4: s.p. 1754.
Gardoquia Ruiz & Pav., Fl. Peruv. Prodr.: 86. 1794.
Rizoa Cav., Anales Ci. Nat. 3: 132. 1801.
Xenopoma Willd., Mag. Neuesten Entdeck. Gesammten Naturk. Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 5: 399. 1811.
Diodeilis Raf., Fl. Tellur. 3: 82. 1837.
Nostelis Raf., Sylva Tellur.: 76. 1838.
Rafinesquia Raf., New Fl. 3: 51. 1838.
Faucibarba Dulac, Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées: 402. 1867.
Oreosphacus Phil. in F.Leybold, Escurs. Pampas: 45. 1873.
Ceratominthe Briq., Bull. Herb. Boissier 4: 875. 1896.
Antonina Vved., Bot. Mater. Gerb. Inst. Bot. Akad. Nauk Uzbeksk. S.S.R. 16: 16. 1961.
× Calapodium Holub, Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 11: 82. 1976.
Bancroftia R.K.Porter, Gaceta Venez. 370: 3. 1838 (25 Feb. 1838), nom. illeg.

Note: The above circumscription, sensu lato (Govaerts et al. 2020), is not accepted by all authorities (Trusty et al. 2004) and is still evolving (Bräuchler, 2018).
References
Primary references

Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species Plantarum. Tomus II: 587. Reference page.
Linnaeus, C. 1754. Genera Plantarum, ed. 5: 256. Reference page.

Additional references

Bräuchler, C. Meimberg, H. & Heubl, G. 2006. New Names in Old World Clinopodium: The Transfer of the Species of Micromeria Sect. Pseudomelissa to Clinopodium. Taxon 55(4): 977–981. DOI: 10.2307/25065692 JSTOR ResearchGate Reference page.
Bräuchler, C. 2018. And now for something completely different – new names in Clinopodium with comments on some types. Phytotaxa 356(1): 71–80. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.356.1.6 Reference page.
Britton, N.L. & Brown, A. 1913. An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British possessions: from Newfoundland to the parallel of the southern boundary of Virginia, and from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the 102d meridian. ed. 2. C. Scribner's sons, New York. Vol. 3: 139. Reference page.
Davidse, G. & al. (eds.) 2012. Flora Mesoamericana 4(2): 1–533. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F.. (In Spanish)
Hitchcock, A.S. & Green, M.L. 1929. Standard species of Linnaean genera of Phanerogamae (1753–1754). pp. 111–195 in International Botanical Congress. Cambridge (England), 1930. Nomenclature. Proposals by British Botanists. His Majesty's Stationery Office, London. Biblioteca Digital Reference page.
Ryding, P.O. 2006. Revision of the Clinopodium simense group (Labiatae). Kew Bulletin 61(3): 419–432. JSTOR ResearchGate Reference page.
Trusty, J.L., Olmstead, R.G., Bogler, D.J., Santos, A. & Francisco-Ortega, J. 2004. Using Molecular Data to Test a Biogeographic Connection of the Macaronesian Genus Bystropogon (Lamiaceae) to the New World: A Case of Conflicting Phylogenies, Systematic Botany 29(3): 702–715. DOI: 10.1600/0363644041744347 BioOne ResearchGate PDF Reference page.
Wood, J.R.I. 2011. Clinopodium L. (Lamiaceae) in Bolivia. Kew Bulletin 66(2): 199–226. DOI: 10.1007/s12225-011-9282-z JSTOR Reference page.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2020. Clinopodium in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2020 Jun 18. Reference page.
Farr, E.R. & Zijlstra, G. (eds.) 1996 onwards. Clinopodium in Index Nominum Genericorum (Plantarum). Accessed: 2020 Mar 30.
International Plant Names Index. 2014. Clinopodium. Published online. Accessed: June 26 2014.
Tropicos.org 2014. Clinopodium. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2014 June 26.

Vernacular names
العربية: ظلية
žemaitėška: Šonmietė
беларуская: Вырачка
čeština: klinopád, pamětník
dansk: Bjergmynte
English: Wild Basils, Calamints
Esperanto: Klinopodio
فارسی: ریحانک
suomi: Mäkimintut
hornjoserbsce: Čisćica
հայերեն: Ռեհանուրց
日本語: トウバナ属
한국어: 층층이꽃속
lietuvių: Šunmėtė
polski: Klinopodium
русский: Пахучка
slovenčina: dúšovka, jarva
svenska: Bergmyntor
українська: Пахучка
中文: 风轮菜属

Clinopodium is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae. It is in the tribe Mentheae of the subfamily Nepetoideae, but little else can be said with certainty about its phylogenetic position.

The genus name Clinopodium is derived from the Latin clinopodion, from the Ancient Greek κλινοπόδιον (klinopódion), from κλίνη (klínē) "bed" and πόδιον (pódion) "little foot". These were names for Clinopodium vulgare.[2]

Clinopodium species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Coleophora albitarsella.

Various Clinopodium species are used as medicinal herbs. For example, C. laevigatum is used in Mexico as a tea under the name poleo or yerba de borracho to cure hangovers, stomach aches, and liver disease.

Taxonomy

Clinopodium has been defined very differently by different authors. Some have restricted it to as few as 13 species, all closely related to the type species, Clinopodium vulgare. In the latest revision of Lamiaceae, Clinopodium encompassed about 100 species, including those otherwise placed in the genera Acinos, Calamintha, and Xenopoma.[3] This circumscription, called Clinopodium sensu lato, was shown to be polyphyletic in 2004,[4] with additional information on the issue published in 2010.[5]

Selected species

Clinopodium acinos (L.) Kuntze
Clinopodium ashei (Weath.) Small – Ashe's calamint
Clinopodium bolivianum (Benth.) Kuntze
Clinopodium brownei (Sw.) Kuntze – Browne's savory
Clinopodium chandleri (Brandegee) P.D.Cantino & Wagstaff – San Miguel calamint
Clinopodium chinense (Benth.) Kuntze
Clinopodium coccineum (Nutt. ex Hook.) Kuntze – scarlet calamint
Clinopodium dentatum (Chapm.) Kuntze – Florida calamint
Clinopodium douglasii (Benth.) Kuntze – Yerba buena
Clinopodium fasciculatum (Benth.) Harley
Clinopodium georgianum – Georgia calamint
Clinopodium glabellum (Michx.) Kuntze – Ozark calamint
Clinopodium glabrum (Nutt.) Kuntze – limestone calamint
Clinopodium gracile (Benth.) Kuntze – slender wild basil
Clinopodium hakkaricum – Hakkari (Turkey) clinopodium
Clinopodium laevigatum – poleo or yerba de borracho
Clinopodium menthifolium (Host) Stace – woodland calamint
Clinopodium mimuloides (Benth.) Kuntze – monkeyflower savory
Clinopodium mutabile (Epling) Harley
Clinopodium nepeta (L.) Kuntze – lesser calamint
Clinopodium umbrosum (M.Bieb.) K.Koch
Clinopodium vimineum (L.) Kuntze – serpentine savory
Clinopodium vulgare (L.) – wild basil[6][7]

References
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Clinopodium.
Wikispecies has information related to Clinopodium.

"Genus Clinopodium L." Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture.
Umberto Quattrocchi. 2000. CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names volume I, page 91. CRC Press: Boca Raton; New York; Washington,DC;, USA. London, UK. ISBN 978-0-8493-2673-8 (set).
Raymond M. Harley, Sandy Atkins, Andrey L. Budantsev, Philip D. Cantino, Barry J. Conn, Renée J. Grayer, Madeline M. Harley, Rogier P.J. de Kok, Tatyana V. Krestovskaja, Ramón Morales, Alan J. Paton, and P. Olof Ryding. 2004. "Labiatae" pages 167-275. In: Klaus Kubitzki (editor) and Joachim W. Kadereit (volume editor). The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants volume VII. Springer-Verlag: Berlin; Heidelberg, Germany. ISBN 978-3-540-40593-1
Trusty, Jennifer L.; Olmstead, Richard G.; Bogler, David J.; Santos-Guerra, Arnoldo; Francisco-Ortega, Javier (1 July 2004). "Using Molecular Data to Test a Biogeographic Connection of the Macaronesian Genus Bystropogon (Lamiaceae) to the New World: A Case of Conflicting Phylogenies". Systematic Botany. 29 (3): 702–715. doi:10.1600/0363644041744347.
Bräuchler, Christian; Meimberg, Harald; Heubl, Günther (May 2010). "Molecular phylogeny of Menthinae (Lamiaceae, Nepetoideae, Mentheae) – Taxonomy, biogeography and conflicts". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 55 (2): 501–523. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.01.016. PMID 20152913.
"Clinopodium". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2012-02-23.
"GRIN Species Records of Clinopodium". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Archived from the original on 2009-01-20. Retrieved 2012-02-22.