Aquifoliales

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Asterids
Cladus: Campanulids
Ordo: Aquifoliales
Familiae: Aquifoliaceae - Cardiopteridaceae - Helwingiaceae - Phyllonomaceae - Stemonuraceae

Name

Aquifoliales Senft, Lehrb. Forstl. Bot. 2: 118 (1857)

Type genus: Ilex L., Sp. Pl. 1: 125 (1753)
Synonyms

Heterotypic
Aquifoliineae Shipunov
Cardiopteridales Takhtajan
Helwingiales Takhtajan
Ilicales Martius
Phyllonomales Doweld

References

Senft, C.C.F.F. Lehrbuch der Forstlichen Botanik, 2: 118.
Kårehed, J. 2001. Multiple origin of the tropical forest tree family Icacinaceae. American Journal of Botany 88(12): 2259–2274. JSTOR DOI: 10.2307/3558388 Reference page.
Stevens, P.F. 2001 onwards. Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 14, July 2017 [and more or less continuously updated since]. Online. Reference page.
Tank, D.C. & Donoghue, M.J. 2010. Phylogeny and Phylogenetic Nomenclature of the Campanulidae Based on an Expanded Sample of Genes and Taxa. Systematic Botany 35(2): 425–441. DOI: 10.1600/036364410791638306 Paywall PDF. Reference page.

Vernacular names
català: Aqüifolial
Cebuano: Aquifoliales
čeština: cesmínotvaré
dansk: Kristtorn-ordenen
Deutsch: Stechpalmenartige
English: Holly order
español: Aquifoliales
فارسی: خاس‌سانان
français: Aquifoliales
日本語: モチノキ目
한국어: 감탕나무목
kurdî: Koma holan
македонски: Бодликовидни
Nederlands: Hulstachtigen
polski: Ostrokrzewowce
русский: Падубоцветные
slovenčina: cezmínotvaré
ไทย: อันดับเน่าใน
Tiếng Việt: Bộ Nhựa ruồi
中文: 冬青目

The Aquifoliales are an order of flowering plants, including the Aquifoliaceae (holly) family, and also the Helwingiaceae (2-5 species of temperate Asian shrubs) and the Phyllonomaceae (4 species of Central American trees and shrubs). In 2001, the families Stemonuraceae and Cardiopteridaceae were added to this order.[3] This circumscription of Aquifoliales was recognized by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group when they published the APG II system in 2003.[4] In the Cronquist system, there is no Aquifoliales order: the Aquifoliaceae are placed within the order Celastrales and the others are in other families.
References

Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 161 (2): 105–121. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x.
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 181 (1): 1–20. doi:10.1111/boj.12385.
Kårehed, Jesper (2001). "Multiple origin of the tropical forest tree family Icacinaceae". American Journal of Botany. 88 (12): 2259–2274. doi:10.2307/3558388. JSTOR 3558388. PMID 21669659.
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2003). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 141 (4): 399–436. doi:10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x.