Amyridoideae

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Rosids
Cladus: Eurosids II
Ordo: Sapindales

Familia: Rutaceae
Subfamilia: Amyridoideae
Genera: Acmadenia – Agathosma – Acradenia – Acronychia – Adenandra – Adiscanthus – Agathosma – Amyris – Andreadoxa – Angostura – Apocaulon – Araliopsis – Asterolasia – Balfourodendron – Boronella – Boronia – Bosistoa – Bouchardatia – Bouzetia – Brombya – Calodendrum – Casimiroa – Choisya – Chorilaena – Clausena – Coatesia – Coleonema – Comptonella – Conchocarpus – Coombea – Correa – Crossosperma – Crowea – Cyanothamnus – Decagonocarpus – Decatropis – Decazyx – Dendrosma – Desmotes – Dictamnus – Dinosperma – Diosma – Diplolaena – Drummondita – Dryades – Dutailliopsis – Dutaillyea – Empleuridium – Empleurum – Eriostemon – Ertela – Erythrochiton – Esenbeckia – Euchaetis – Euodia – Euxylophora – Fagaropsis – Flindersia – Galipea – Geijera – Geleznowia – Halfordia – Helietta – Hortia – Ivodea – Leionema – Leptothyrsa – Lubaria – Lunasia – Maclurodendron – Macrostylis – Medicosma – Megastigma – Melicope – Metrodorea – Microcybe – Muiriantha – Myrtopsis – Naudinia – Nematolepis – Neobyrnesia – Neoschmidia – Neoraputia – Orixa – Peltostigma – Pentaceras – Perryodendron – Phebalium – Phellodendron – Philotheca – Phyllosma – Picrella – Pilocarpus – Pitavia – Plethadenia – Polyaster – Ptelea – Raputia – Raputiarana – Rauia – Raulinoa – Ravenia – Raveniopsis – Rhadinothamnus – Rutaneblina – Sarcomelicope – Sheilanthera – Sigmatanthus – Skimmia – Spiranthera – Stauranthus – Tetractomia – Tetradium – Ticorea – Toxosiphon – Vepris – Zanthoxylum – Zieria
Name

Rutaceae subfam. Amyridoideae Link, Handbuch 2: 128. (1831)

Type genus: Amyris P.Browne, Civ. Nat. Hist. Jamaica 208 (1756)

Synonyms

Homotypic
Amyridaceae Kunth, Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris), 2: 353. (1824)
Amyrideae DC., Prodr. 2: 81. (1825)
Amyridales J. Presl, Nowoceˇ ska´ Bibl. 7: 335. (1846)
Amyridineae Engl., Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. Teil III, Abt. 4–5: 111, 181. (1896)
Heterotypic
Toddalioideae K.Koch (1869)
Boroniaceae J. Agardh,
Dictamnaceae Vest,
Diosmaceae Bartling,
Diplolaenaceae J. Agardh,
Flindersiaceae Airy Shaw,
Fraxinellaceae Nees & Martius,
Jamboliferaceae Martynov,
Pilocarpaceae J. Agardh,
Pteleaceae Kunth,
Zanthoxylaceae Martinov

Note: RTF clade as a subfamily formed by synonymising some Rutoideae Arn., Bot. 104. (1832) Toddalioideae K.Koch (1869) with Flindersia. Due to priority under ICBN Amyridoideae Link, (1831) has precedence over Toddalioideae K.Koch, (1869) (Groppo et al. 2012).
References

Link, J.H.F. 1831. Handbuch zur Erkennung der nutzbarsten und am häufigsten vorkommenden Gewächse 2: 128.
Appelhans, M.S., Wen, J. & Wagner, W.L. 2014. A molecular phylogeny of Acronychia, Euodia, Melicope and relatives (Rutaceae) reveals polyphyletic genera and key innovations for species richness. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 79: 54-68. DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.06.014 Paywall Reference page.
Appelhans, M.S., Reichelt, N., Groppo, M., Paetzold, C. & Wen, J. 2018. Phylogeny and biogeography of the pantropical genus Zanthoxylum and its closest relatives in the proto-Rutaceae group (Rutaceae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 126: 31-44. DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.04.013 Paywall PDF Reference page.
Duretto, M.F., Heslewood, M.M. & Bayly, M.J. 2020. Boronia (Rutaceae) is polyphyletic: Reinstating Cyanothamnus and the problems associated with inappropriately defined outgroups. Taxon 69(3): 481-499. DOI: 10.1002/tax.12242 ResearchGate Reference page.
Groppo, M., Kallunki, J.A., Pirani, J.R. & Antonelli, A. 2012. Chilean Pitavia more closely related to Oceania and Old World Rutaceae than to Neotropical groups: evidence from two cpDNA non-coding regions, with a new subfamilial classification of the family. PhytoKeys (19): 9-29. DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.19.3912 Open access Reference page.
Groppo, M., de Lemos, L.J.C., de Lima Ferreira, P., Ferreira, C., Bruniera, C.P., de Castro, N.M., Pirani, J.R., El Ottra, J.H. & Kallunki, J.A. 2021. A tree nymph of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest: Dryades (Galipeinae, Rutaceae), a new neotropical genus segregated from Conchocarpus. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 154: 1-15 106971. DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106971 Paywall ResearchGate Reference page.
Morton, C.M. & Telmer, C. 2014. New subfamily classification for the Rutaceae. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 99(4): 620-641. DOI: 10.3417/2010034 Paywall ResearchGate Reference page.
Stevens, P.F. 2001 onwards. Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 14, July 2017 [and more or less continuously updated since]. Online. Reference page.
Tropicos.org 2020. Amyridoideae. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2020 Nov. 26.

Amyridoideae is a subfamily of the family Rutaceae.[1] The circumscription of the family has varied considerably. A 2014 classification placed a large proportion of the genera in the family Rutaceae in Amyridoideae.[2] A more recent 2021 classification includes only three genera.[1]
Taxonomy

In 2012, based on molecular phylogenetic methods, Groppo et al. divided Rutaceae into two subfamilies, a small Cneoroideae and a very large subfamily Rutoideae s.l. for the all the remaining genera.[3] A 2014 classification by Morton and Telmer added the subfamily Aurantioideae, and split the remaining Rutoideae s.l. into a smaller Rutoideae and a much larger Amyridoideae s.l., containing most of the genera Engler had placed in Rutoideae in 1896.[2] Until 2021, molecular phylogenetic approaches had only sampled between 20% and 40% of the genera of Rutaceae. A 2021 study by Appelhans et al. sampled almost 90% of the genera. The two main clades recognized by Groppo et al. in 2012 were upheld, but Morton and Telmer's Amyridoideae was polyphyletic and did not include the type genus. Applehans et al. divided the family Rutaceae into six subfamilies, including a small subfamily Amyridoideae with only three genera.[1]
Genera

Genera accepted in a 2021 classification of Rutaceae into subfamilies were:[1]

Amyris P.Browne
Cneoridium Hook.f.
Stauranthus Liebm.

References

Appelhans, Marc S.; Bayly, Michael J.; Heslewood, Margaret M.; Groppo, Milton; Verboom, G. Anthony; Forster, Paul I.; Kallunki, Jacquelyn A. & Duretto, Marco F. (2021), "A new subfamily classification of the Citrus family (Rutaceae) based on six nuclear and plastid markers", Taxon, doi:10.1002/tax.12543
Morton, Cynthia M. & Telmer, Cheryl (2014), "New Subfamily Classification for the Rutaceae" (PDF), Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 99 (4): 620–641, doi:10.3417/2010034
Groppo, M.; Kallunki, J.A.; Pirani, J.R. & Antonelli, A. (2012), "Chilean Pitavia more closely related to Oceania and Old World Rutaceae than to Neotropical groups: Evidence from two cpDNA non-coding regions, with a new subfamilial classification of the family", PhytoKeys, 19: 9–29, doi:10.3897/phytokeys.19.3912, PMC 3597001