Adoxa moschatellina

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Asterids
Cladus: Campanulids
Ordo: Dipsacales

Familia: Adoxaceae
Genus: Adoxa
Species: Adoxa moschatellina
Subspecies: A. m. subsp. cescae – A. m. subsp. moschatellina
Varietas: A. m. var. insularis
Name

Adoxa moschatellina L., 1753
References

Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species Plantarum. Tomus I: 367. Reference page.

Links

Hassler, M. 2018. Adoxa moschatellina. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2018. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2018 Jun. 28. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2018. Adoxa moschatellina. Published online. Accessed: Jun. 28 2018.
The Plant List 2013. Adoxa moschatellina in The Plant List Version 1.1. Published online. Accessed: 2018 Jun. 28.
Tropicos.org 2018. Adoxa moschatellina. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 28 Jun. 2018.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Adoxa moschatellina in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 08-Apr-12.

Vernacular names
беларуская: Адокса мускусная
català: Adoxa
čeština: pižmovka mošusová
Cymraeg: Mwsglys
dansk: Desmerurt
Deutsch: Moschuskraut, Bisamkraut
English: moschatel, five-faced bishop, hollowroot, muskroot, townhall clock, tuberous crowfoot
español: hierba del almizcle, moscatelina, ramillo moscatel, yerba del almizcle, adoxa, moschatel
eesti: Muskuslill
suomi: Tesmayrtti
français: Moscatelline, Adoxe musquée, Muscatelle, Adoxe moscatelline
Gaeilge: Moscadal
hrvatski: Adoxa
hornjoserbsce: Wšědna pižmonka, Smjerdźenk
magyar: Pézsmaboglár, békaboglár, békavirág, kockagyöngy
日本語: レンプクソウ
қазақша: Байсат, Адокса
한국어: 연복초, 연복초속
lietuvių: Muskusinis ūksminas
македонски: Пиженце
norsk bokmål: Moskusurt, Adoxa
Nederlands: Muskuskruid
norsk nynorsk: Moskusurt
norsk: Moskusurt
polski: piżmaczek Wiosenny
português: Adoxa, Moscatelina
русский: Адокса, Адокса мускусная
slovenčina: pižmovka mošusová
svenska: Desmeknopp, Myskört
татарча/tatarça: Гамбәр чәчәге
українська: Адокса мускусна, Пижмачка
中文: 五福花, 五福花属, 五福花屬

Adoxa moschatellina, the moschatel, five-faced bishop,[1] hollowroot, muskroot, townhall clock,[2] tuberous crowfoot or Good Friday plant, is a species of flowering plant in the family Adoxaceae. This herbaceous perennial has a holarctic distribution occurring at low altitudes in high latitudes, and at high altitudes in the south of its range. It prefers damp shady situations.[3]

Description

Adoxa moschatellina is a rhizomatous plant growing in mats with a delicate appearance. It has thin, erect unbranched stems which end in clusters of five green flowers which are 6 to 8 millimetres (0.24 to 0.31 in) across. These flowers give the species one of its common names, "Town Hall clock", as they face outwards in four directions at 90 degrees to each other, resembling the four faces of a town clock.[4] The flowers have five petals and five stamens, but the stamens are divided into two parts creating the impression that there are ten stamens. When it is not in flower it can be hard to tell A. moschatellina from other plants with similar foliage.[5] The plant and its flowers have a musk-like scent, which it emits towards evening when the dew falls. If the plant is bruised this scent disappears.[6]
Distribution

Adoxa moschatellina has a boreal, circumpolar distribution in Europe, Asia and North America.[5] It is widespread and common in most parts of the British Isles but becomes scarce in the north and west of Scotland and parts of eastern England.[7] It is absent from Ireland.[3] Its distribution in parts of Wales is localised, occurring only at sites where are base rich soil, such as Coed Dolgarrog National Nature Reserve in Conwy.[8]
Habitat and ecology

Adoxa moschatellina grows in humid brown soils under shade on the banks of rivers and streams, in deciduous woodlands and under hedgerows. It does infrequently grow in shaded base-rich localities in uplands. This spring-flowering species dies back after flowering in May or June in low-lying areas. The flowers are self-fertile and this species may reproduce by producing seeds or by vegetative spread. In Britain its altitude ranges from 0 to 1,065 metres (0 to 3,494 ft) on Ben Lawers.[9] The rather plain flowers of A. moschatellina are pollinated by flies and nocturnal moths which do not rely on colour to pollinate plants.[10] It is parasitized by the rare smut Melanotaenium adoxae.[11]
From Thomé, Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz (1885)
References

Collins Dictionary entry
"Wessex Wanderings: Local parks and woodlands in Spring". Psophis.blogspot.co.uk. 2016-04-30. Retrieved 2017-04-09.
"Adoxa moschatellina Town Hall Clock". British Wildflowers. Retrieved 23 March 2020.
"Moschatel - Adoxa moschatellina". Nature Spot recording the Wildlife of Leicestershire and Rutland. Retrieved 23 March 2020.
"Adoxa moschatellina - Townhall Clock or Moschatel". First Nature. Retrieved 23 March 2020.
"Moschatel, Common". Botanical.com. Retrieved 23 March 2020.
"Adoxa moschatellina". Online Atlas of the British and Irish Flora. Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland and Biological Records Centre. Retrieved 23 March 2020.
"Coed Dolgarrog National Nature Reserve". First Nature. Retrieved 23 March 2020.
"Adoxa moschatellina". Online Atlas of the British and Irish Flora. Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Retrieved 23 March 2020.
"Adoxaceae - Town-hall Clock". Cronodon. Retrieved 23 March 2020.
Negrean, G.; Constantinescu, O. (1997). "Melanotaenium adoxae revisited". Mycotaxon. 61: 359–362.