Terebridae

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Spiralia
Cladus: Lophotrochozoa
Phylum: Mollusca
Classis: Gastropoda
Subclassis: Caenogastropoda
Ordo: Neogastropoda
Superfamilia: Conoidea

Familia: Terebridae
Genera (20 + 3†): Cinguloterebra – Clathroterebra – Duplicaria – Euterebra – Gemmaterebra – Granuliterebra – Hastula – Hastulopsis – Impages – Myurella – Oxymeris – Partecosta – Pellifronia – Perirhoe – Pristiterebra – Punctoterebra – Strioterebrum – Terebra – Terenolla – Triplostephanus – †Kaweka – †Mirula – †Zeacuminia

Name

Terebridae Mörch, 1852
Synonyms

Acusidae Gray, 1853
Pervicaciidae Rudman, 1969
Pervicaciinae Rudman, 1969
Terebrinae Mörch, 1852

References

Garcia, E.F. 2012: Terebra limatula Dall,1889 and T. acrior Dall, 1889 (Gastropoda: Terebridae); two problematic taxa from the western Atlantic. Zootaxa 3328: 66–68. Preview Reference page.
Helwerda, R.A. 2017. Conidae and Terebridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) from the Plio-Pleistocene of the Philippines. Zootaxa 4221(5): 545–561. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4221.5.4. Reference page.

Additional references

Salvador, A. & Pickering, J. 2017. Type catalogue of Terebridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Conoidea) in the Natural History Museum, London, U.K. Zootaxa 4250(2): 101–142. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4250.2.1. Reference page.

References
Links

Terebridae in the World Register of Marine Species

The Terebridae, commonly referred to as auger shells or auger snails, is a group or family of small to large predatory marine gastropods in the superfamily Conoidea.[3]

These gastropods have extremely high spired shells with numerous whorls, and the common name refers to the resemblance of their shells to rock drill-type drill bits.

There are more than 400 known recent species worldwide.[2][4]
Taxonomy

This family consists of the following subfamilies (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005):

Terebrinae Mörch, 1852 - synonyms: Acusidae; Acidae Gray, 1853 (inv.)
Pellifroniinae Fedosov, Malcolm, Terryn, Gorson, Modica, Holford & Puillandre, 2020 (with de deep-water genera Pellifronia and Bathyterebra)
Pervicaciinae Rudman, 1969 (with the predominantly Indo-Pacific genera Duplicaria and Partecosta).

In 2019 there was a comprehensive revision of the taxonomy of the Terebridae by Fedosov, A. E.; Malcolm, G.; Terryn, Y.; Gorson, J.; Modica, M. V.; Holford, M.; Puillandre, N. in the Journal of Molluscan Studies, including the definition of new genera and the redistribution of many species to other genera.[4]
Shell description

The shells of the sea snails in this family are typically shaped like slender augers or screws. In that respect they share certain shell characters with the family Turritellidae, the turret shells.

One characteristic that distinguishes Terebridae from Turritellidae is the short anterior canal or notch in the aperture of the shell. Terebridae shells also tend to have characteristically flattened versus convex whorls, and they often have one or two plaits on the columella.

Numerous species in this family are grouped under the genera Terebra or Hastula, and a minority of species are placed in four other genera.
Life habits

These snails are sand-dwelling carnivores which live in warmer waters. In most species, a venomous barb similar to that of the cone snails, (see Conidae), is used to stun and immobilize prey, which typically consists of various marine worms.
A grow of shells of the Atlantic or eastern auger, Terebra dislocata
Genera

Genera in the family Terebridae include:[2][5]

Bathyterebra Fedosov, Malcolm, Terryn, Gorson, Modica, Holford & Puillandre, 2020
Cinguloterebra Oyama, 1961
Clathroterebra Oyama, 1961
Duplicaria Dall, 1908
Euterebra Cotton & Godfrey, 1932
Gemmaterebra Cotton, 1952
Gradaterebra Cotton & Godfrey, 1932
Granuliterebra Oyama, 1961
Hastula H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853
Hastulopsis Oyama, 1961
† Kaweka Marwick, 1931
Maculauger Fedosov, Malcolm, Terryn, Gorson, Modica, Holford & Puillandre, 2020
Microtrypetes Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932
† Mirula Palmer, 1942
Myurella Hinds, 1844
Myurellopsis Fedosov, Malcolm, Terryn, Gorson, Modica, Holford & Puillandre, 2020
Neoterebra Fedosov, Malcolm, Terryn, Gorson, Modica, Holford & Puillandre, 2020
Oxymeris Dall, 1903
Partecosta Dance & Eames, 1966
Pellifronia Terryn & Holford, 2008
Perirhoe Dall, 1908
Pristiterebra Oyama, 1961
Profunditerebra Fedosov, Malcolm, Terryn, Gorson, Modica, Holford & Puillandre, 2020
Punctoterebra Bartsch, 1923
Strioterebrum Sacco, 1891
Terebra Bruguière, 1789 -- type taxon
† Zeacuminia Finlay, 1930

Genera brought into synonymy

Abretia H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853: synonym of Oxymeris Dall, 1903 (invalid: junior homonym of Abretia Rafinesque, 1814; Abretiella is a replacement name)
Abretiella Bartsch, 1923: synonym of Oxymeris Dall, 1903
Acuminia Dall, 1908: synonym of Hastula H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853
Acus Gray, 1847: synonym of Oxymeris Dall, 1903 (invalid: junior homonym of Acus Lacépède, 1803 [Pisces]; Oxymeris is a replacement name)
Brevimyurella Oyama, 1961: synonym of Punctoterebra Bartsch, 1923
Cinguloterebra Oyama, 1961: synonym of Terebra Bruguière, 1789
Clathroterebra Oyama, 1961: synonym of Myurella Hinds, 1845
Decorihastula Oyama, 1961: synonym of Myurella Hinds, 1844
Dimidacus Iredale, 1929: synonym of Terebra Bruguière, 1789
Diplomeriza Dall, 1919: synonym of Duplicaria Dall, 1908
Egentelaria Rehder, 1980: synonym of Hastula H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853
Euterebra Cotton & Godfrey, 1932: synonym of Duplicaria Dall, 1908
Gradaterebra Cotton & Godfrey, 1932: synonym of Euterebra Cotton & Godfrey, 1932
Hastulina Oyama, 1961: synonym of Hastula H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853
Impages E. A. Smith, 1873: synonym of Hastula H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853
Laeviacus Oyama, 1961: synonym of Pristiterebra Oyama, 1961
Myurellina Bartsch, 1923: synonym of Terebra Bruguière, 1789
Myurellisca Bartsch, 1923: synonym of Duplicaria Dall, 1908
Noditerebra Cossmann, 1896 †: synonym of Terebra Bruguière, 1789
Nototerebra Cotton, 1947: synonym of Oxymeris Dall, 1903
Panaterebra Olsson, 1967: synonym of Terebra Bruguière, 1789
Paraterebra Woodring, 1928: synonym of Terebra Bruguière, 1789
Partecosta Dance & Eames, 1966: synonym of Euterebra Cotton & Godfrey, 1932
Pervicacia Iredale, 1924: synonym of Duplicaria Dall, 1908
Subula Schumacher, 1817: synonym of Terebra Bruguière, 1789
Terebrina Bartsch, 1923: synonym of Terebra Bruguière, 1789 (invalid: junior homonym of Terebrina Rafinesque, 1815; Dimidacus is a replacement name)
Terebrum Montfort, 1810: synonym of Terebra Bruguière, 1789
Terenolla Iredale, 1929: synonym of Myurella Hinds, 1845
Triplostephanus Dall, 1908: synonym of Terebra Bruguière, 1789
Vertagus Link, 1807: synonym of Terebra Bruguière, 1789

References

Mörch O. A. L. (1852). Catalogus conchyliorum quae reliquit D. Alphonso d'Arguirra et Gadea Comes de Yoldi, (1): 74.
Terryn, Y. (2007): A Collectors Guide to Recent Terebridae (Mollusca: Neogastropoda). 57 pp., 65 color plts. ConchBooks & NaturalArt, Hackenheim & Gent, ISBN 978-3-939767-01-5
Gofas, S. (2012). Terebridae. World Register of Marine Species [1] 2012-10-12
* Fedosov, A. E.; Malcolm, G.; Terryn, Y.; Gorson, J.; Modica, M. V.; Holford, M.; Puillandre, N. (2020). Phylogenetic classification of the family Terebridae (Neogastropoda: Conoidea). Journal of Molluscan Studies, Volume 85, Issue 4, November 2019

Gofas, S. (2010). Terebridae. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=160424 on 2010-04-01

Bratcher T. & Cernohorsky W.O. (1987). Living terebras of the world. A monograph of the recent Terebridae of the world. American Malacologists, Melbourne, Florida & Burlington, Massachusetts. 240pp
Terryn, Y. (2007). Terebridae: A Collectors Guide. Conchbooks & Natural Art. 59pp + plates.

External links

Gray J.E. (1853). On the division of ctenobranchous gasteropodous Mollusca into larger groups and families. Annals and Magazine of Natural History. ser. 2, 11: 124–132
Fedosov, A. E.; Malcolm, G.; Terryn, Y.; Gorson, J.; Modica, M. V.; Holford, M.; Puillandre, N. (2020). Phylogenetic classification of the family Terebridae (Neogastropoda: Conoidea). Journal of Molluscan Studies.
[2]
Terebridae, Auger Shells
Terebra dislocata, Atlantic Auger or Eastern Auger
NC Sea Grant, Seashells of North Carolina Field Guide
[3]
Shell Catalogue Family Terebridae and Terebridae Images