Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Cladus: Synapsida
Cladus: Eupelycosauria
Cladus: Sphenacodontia
Cladus: Sphenacodontoidea
Cladus: Therapsida
Cladus: Theriodontia
Cladus: Cynodontia
Cladus: Eucynodontia
Cladus: Probainognathia
Cladus: Prozostrodontia
Cladus: Mammaliaformes
Classis: Mammalia
Subclassis: Trechnotheria
Infraclassis: Zatheria
Supercohors: Theria
Cladus: Metatheria
Cladus: Marsupialiformes
Cohors: Marsupialia
Ordo: Didelphimorphia
Familia: Didelphidae
Subfamilia: Didelphinae
Tribus: Didelphini
Genus: Philander
Species (8): P. andersoni – P. canus – P. deltae – P. frenatus – P. mcilhennyi – P. mondolfii – P. melanurus – P. opossum
Name
Philander Brisson, 1762: 207 [conserved name]
Type species: Didelphis opossum Linnaeus, 1758, by designation under the Plenary Powers (1998: 64).
Gender: masculine.
Placed on the Official List of Generic Names in Zoology by Opinion 1894 (1998: 65).
Synonymy
Philander Tiedemann, 1808: 426
Type species: Philander virginianus Tiedemann, 1808, by subsequent designation by Hershkovitz (1949).
Sarigua Muirhead, 1819: 429 (part)
Metachirus Burmeister, 1854: 135 (part)
Gamba Liais, 1872: 329 (part)
Zygolestes Florentino Ameghino, 1899: 7 (part)
Metachirops Matschie, 1916: 262
Type species: Didelphis quica Temminck, 1824, by original designation.
Hylothylax Cabrera, 1919: 47
Type species: Didelphis opossum Linnaeus, 1758, by original designation.
References
Primary references
Brisson, M.J. 1762. Regnum animale in classes IX. Distributum, Sive, Synopsis Methodica, Sistens generalem Animalium distributionem in Classes IX, & duarum primarum Classium, Quadrupedum scilicet & Cetaceorum, particularem divisionem in Ordines, Sectiones, Genera & Species. Cum brevi cujusque Speciei Descriptione, Cicationibus Auctorum de iis tractantium, Nominibus eis ab ipsis & Nationibus impositis, Nominibusque vulgaribus. Theodorum Haak: Lugduni Batavorum. 7 + 296 pp. BHL Reference page.
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. 1998. Opinion 1894. Regnum Animale ..., Ed. 2 (M.J. Brisson, 1762): rejected for nomenclatural purposes, with the conservation of the mammalian generic names Philander (Marsupialia), Pteropus (Chiroptera), Glis, Cuniculus and Hydrochoerus (Rodentia), Meles, Lutra and Hyaena (Carnivora), Tapirus (Perissodactyla), Tragulus and Giraffa (Artiodactyla). Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 55(1): 64–71. BHL Reference page.
Additional references
Chemisquy, M.A.; Flores, D.A. 2012: Taxonomy of the southernmost populations of Philander (Didelphimorphia, Didelphidae), with implications for the systematics of the genus. Zootaxa 3481: 60–72. Preview Reference page.
Links
Philander in Mammal Species of the World.
Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn M. (Editors) 2005. Mammal Species of the World – A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Third edition. ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.
Philander – Taxon details on Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).
Vernacular names
Deutsch: Vieraugenbeutelratten
English: Four-eyed Opossums
español: Zarigüeyas de cuatro ojos
português do Brasil: Cuícas-de-quatro-olhos
The nine species in the genus Philander, commonly known as gray and black four-eyed opossums, are members of the order Didelphimorphia. Mature females have a well-developed marsupium. The tail appears to be hairless except for the proximal (closest to the body) 5 or 6 cm, which has a few long hairs. The tail is slightly longer than the head-and-body length, and it is black for the proximal one half to two thirds of its length. The genus is closely related to Didelphis but the species of Philander are smaller than those of Didelphis. The genus formerly included Metachirus nudicaudatus, but this species lacks a pouch and so is now considered a separate genus.[4] The common name comes from the white spots above the eyes, which can appear from a distance to be another set of eyes.
Species
Philander andersoni - Anderson's four-eyed opossum
Philander canus - Common four-eyed opossum
Philander deltae - Deltaic four-eyed opossum
Philander frenatus - Southeastern four-eyed opossum
Philander mcilhennyi - McIlhenny's four-eyed opossum
Philander melanurus - Dark four-eyed opossum
Philander mondolfii - Mondolfi's four-eyed opossum
Philander nigratus - Black four-eyed opossum
Philander olrogi - Olrog's four-eyed opossum
Philander opossum - Gray four-eyed opossum
Philander pebas - Pebas four-eyed opossum
Philander quica - Southern four-eyed opossum
Philander vossi - Northern four-eyed opossum
References
Gardner, A. (2005). Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 16–17. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
Lew, Daniel; Roger Pérez-Hernández; Jacint Ventura (2006). "Two new species of Philander (Didelphimorphia, Didelphidae) from northern South America". Journal of Mammalogy. 87 (2): 224–237. doi:10.1644/05-MAMM-A-065R2.1.
David A. Flores; Barqueza, R.M. & Díaza, M.M. (2008). "A new species of Philander Brisson, 1762 (Didelphimorphia, Didelphidae)". Mammalian Biology. 73 (1): 14–24. Bibcode:2008MamBi..73...14F. doi:10.1016/j.mambio.2007.04.002.
Gardner, Alfred L. (2008). Mammals of South America: Marsupials, xenarthrans, shrews, and bats. University of Chicago Press. p. 669. ISBN 978-0-226-28240-4.
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