Zosterops

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Cladus: Craniata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Subsectio: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauria
Ordo: Saurischia
Cladus: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Infraclassis: Aves
Ordo: Passeriformes
Subordo: Passeri
Infraordo: Passerida
Superfamilia: Sylvioidea

Familia: Zosteropidae
Genus: Zosterops
Species (102): Z. abyssinicus – Z. albogularis – Z. aldabrensis – Z. anderssoni – Z. anomalus – Z. atricapilla – Z. atriceps – Z. atrifrons – Z. auriventer – Z. borbonicus – Z. brunneus – Z. buruensis – Z. ceylonensis – Z. chloris – Z. chloronothos – Z. cinereus – Z. citrinella – Z. consobrinorum – Z. conspicillatus – Z. dehaani – Z. emiliae – Z. erythropleurus – Z. eurycricotus – Z. everetti – Z. explorator – Z. feae – Z. ficedulinus – Z. finschii – Z. flavifrons – Z. flavilateralis – Z. flavissimus – Z. flavus – Z. fuscicapilla – Z. gibbsi – Z. grayi – Z. griseotinctus – Z. griseovirescens – Z. hypolais – Z. hypoxanthus – Z. inornatus – Z. japonicus – Z. kikuyuensis – Z. kirki – Z. kuehni – Z. kulambangrae – Z. lateralis – Z. leucophaeus – Z. lugubris – Z. luteirostris – Z. luteus – Z. maderaspatanus – Z. mauritianus – Z. mayottensis – Z. mbuluensis – Z. meeki – Z. melanocephalus – Z. melanurus – Z. metcalfii – Z. meyeni – Z. minor – Z. minutus – Z. modestus – Z. mouroniensis – Z. murphyi – Z. mysorensis – Z. natalis – Z. nehrkorni – Z. nigrorum – Z. novaeguineae – Z. oleagineus – Z. olivaceus – – Z. poliogastrus – Z. ponapensis – Z. rendovae – Z. rennellianus – Z. rotensis – Z. samoensis – Z. sanctaecrucis – Z. semiflavus – Z. semperi – Z. senegalensis – Z. silvanus – Z. simplex – Z. socotranus – Z. somadikartai – Z. splendidus – Z. stalkeri – Z. stenocricotus – Z. strenuus – Z. stresemanni – Z. stuhlmanni – Z. tenuirostris – Z. tetiparius – Z. uropygialis – Z. vaughani – Z. vellalavella – Z. virens – Z. wallacei – Z. winifredae – Z. xanthochroaZ. pallidus - Z. palpebrosus

Name

Zosterops Vigors & Horsfield, 1827
References

Transactions of the Linnean Society of London (1) 15 (1826): 234.
Indrawan, M., Rasmussen, P. C., & Sunarto (2008). A new white-eye (Zosterops) from the Togian Islands, Sulawesi, Indonesia. The Wilson Journal of Ornithology 120 (1): 1–9. Full article: [1].
Zosterops (IOC v. 10.1.)

Vernacular names
Afrikaans: Gewone Glasogie
Deutsch: Brillenvogel
English: White-eye
español: Ojiblancos
فارسی: چشم‌سفید
suomi: Rillit
français: Zostérops
Bahasa Indonesia: Kacamata
日本語: メジロ属
қазақша: Аққабақтар
Nederlands: Brilvogel
norsk nynorsk: Brillefugl
polski: Szlarnik
русский: Белоглазки
svenska: Glasögonfågel
中文: 绣眼鸟属

Zosterops (meaning "eye-girdle") is a genus of passerine birds containing the typical white-eyes in the white-eye family Zosteropidae. The genus has the largest number of species in the white-eye family. They occur in the Afrotropical, Indomalayan, and Australasian realms. Typical white-eyes have a length of between 8 and 15 cm (3 and 6 in). Their most characteristic feature is a conspicuous white feather ring around the eye, though some species lack it. The species in this group vary in the structural adaptations of the tongue.[1] The Zosterops [griseotinctus] group is an example of a "great speciator" inhabiting a vast area and showing a remarkable morphological differentiation on islands, some of which maybe as close as 2 km (1.2 mi) apart.[2]
Contents

1 Systematics
1.1 Species
2 References
3 External links

Systematics

The genus Zosterops was introduced by the naturalists Nicholas Vigors and Thomas Horsfield in 1827.[3] The name combines the Ancient Greek words zōstēros "belt" or "girdle" and ōpos "eye".[4] The type species was designated as the Malagasy white-eye by René Lesson in 1828.[5][6]

The results of a series of molecular phylogenetic studies published between 2014 and 2018 prompted a major revision of species limits, in which 10 new genera were introduced. In the reorganisation, the English names of three of the existing genera were replaced.[7][8][9][10][11]

Additionally, a study on Sri Lanka white-eyes (Zosterops ceylonensis) and Indian white-eyes (Zosterops palpebrosus) suggests that the Sri Lanka white-eye is the root species and the origin of all Zosterops species.[12] This raises questions upon the former theory of Southeast Asian origin.
Species

There are over 100 species in the genus. This includes three species (denoted by a dagger † in the list below) that have become extinct since the 16th century.[11]

Sri Lanka white-eye (Zosterops ceylonensis)
Yellowish white-eye (Zosterops nigrorum)
Black-capped white-eye (Zosterops atricapilla)
Abyssinian white-eye (Zosterops abyssinicus)
Pale white-eye (Zosterops flavilateralis)
Mbulu white-eye (Zosterops mbuluensis) – split from Z. poliogastrus
Chestnut-flanked white-eye (Zosterops erythropleurus)
Swinhoe's white-eye (Zosterops simplex) – split from Z. japonicus
Mountain blackeye (Zosterops emiliae)
Warbling white-eye (Zosterops japonicus) – includes Japanese white-eye and mountain white-eye
Indian white-eye (Zosterops palpebrosus) – formerly oriental white-eye
Lowland white-eye (Zosterops meyeni)
† Marianne white-eye (Zosterops semiflavus)
Karthala white-eye (Zosterops mouroniensis)
Réunion olive white-eye (Zosterops olivaceus)
Mauritius olive white-eye (Zosterops chloronothos)
Réunion grey white-eye (Zosterops borbonicus)
Mauritius grey white-eye (Zosterops mauritianus)
Mount Cameroon speirops (Zosterops melanocephalus)
Forest white-eye (Zosterops stenocricotus)
Green white-eye (Zosterops stuhlmanni) – split from Z. poliogastrus
Broad-ringed white-eye (Zosterops eurycricotus) – split from Z. poliogastrus
Fernando Po speirops (Zosterops brunneus)
Heuglin's white-eye (Zosterops poliogastrus) – formerly montane white-eye
Kikuyu white-eye (Zosterops kikuyuensis)
Socotra white-eye (Zosterops socotranus) – split from Z. abyssinicus
Príncipe white-eye (Zosterops ficedulinus)
Annobón white-eye (Zosterops griseovirescens)
São Tomé white-eye (Zosterops feae)
Black-capped speirops (Zosterops lugubris)
Príncipe speirops (Zosterops leucophaeus)
Taita white-eye (Zosterops silvanus)
Northern yellow white-eye (Zosterops senegalensis) – formerly African yellow white-eye
Orange River white-eye (Zosterops pallidus)
South Pare white-eye (Zosterops winifredae) – split from Z. poliogastrus
Cape white-eye (Zosterops virens)
Southern yellow white-eye (Zosterops anderssoni) – split from Z. senegalensis
Pemba white-eye (Zosterops vaughani)
Seychelles white-eye (Zosterops modestus)
Malagasy white-eye (Zosterops maderaspatanus)
Aldabra white-eye (Zosterops aldabrensis) – split from Z. maderaspatanus
Kirk's white-eye (Zosterops kirki)
Mayotte white-eye (Zosterops mayottensis)
Lemon-bellied white-eye (Zosterops chloris)
Wakatobi white-eye (Zosterops flavissimus) – split from Z. chloris
Black-crowned white-eye (Zosterops atrifrons)
Sangihe white-eye(Zosterops nehrkorni)
Pale-bellied white-eye (Zosterops consobrinorum)
Togian white-eye (Zosterops somadikartai)
Black-ringed white-eye (Zosterops anomalus)
Green-fronted white-eye (Zosterops minor)
Black-fronted white-eye (Zosterops chrysolaemus) – split from Z. minor[13]
Tagula white-eye (Zosterops meeki)
Morotai white-eye (Zosterops dehaani) – split from Z. atriceps
Cream-throated white-eye (Zosterops atriceps)
Buru white-eye (Zosterops buruensis)
Seram white-eye (Zosterops stalkeri)
Javan white-eye (Zosterops flavus)
Ashy-bellied white-eye (Zosterops citrinella)
Canary white-eye (Zosterops luteus)
Silvereye (Zosterops lateralis)
Hume's white-eye (Zosterops auriventer) – split from Z. poliogastrus
Sangkar white-eye (Zosterops melanurus) – split from Z. palpebrosus
Everett's white-eye (Zosterops everetti)
Vella Lavella white-eye (Zosterops vellalavella)
Santa Cruz white-eye (Zosterops sanctaecrucis)
Capped white-eye (Zosterops fuscicapilla)
Oya Tabu white-eye (Zosterops crookshanki) – split from Z. fuscicapilla[13]
Vanuatu white-eye (Zosterops flavifrons)
Bare-eyed white-eye (Zosterops superciliosus)
Sanford's white-eye (Zosterops lacertosus)
Vanikoro white-eye (Zosterops gibbsi)
Fiji white-eye (Zosterops explorator)
Bismarck white-eye (Zosterops hypoxanthus)
Biak white-eye (Zosterops mysorensis)
Bougainville white-eye (Zosterops hamlini) – split from Z. rendovae[13]
Guadalcanal white-eye (Zosterops oblitus) – split from Z. rendovae[13]
Grey-throated white-eye (Zosterops rendovae)
Olive-colored white-eye (Zosterops oleagineus)
Dusky white-eye (Zosterops finschii)
Grey-brown white-eye (Zosterops ponapensis)
Kosrae white-eye (Zosterops cinereus)
Rota white-eye (Zosterops rotensis)
Yellow-throated white-eye (Zosterops metcalfii)
Malaita white-eye (Zosterops stresemanni)
Papuan white-eye (Zosterops novaeguineae)
Ambon white-eye (Zosterops kuehni)
Pearl-bellied white-eye (Zosterops grayi)
Gizo white-eye (Zosterops luteirostris)
Golden-bellied white-eye (Zosterops uropygialis)
Ranongga white-eye (Zosterops splendidus)
Solomons white-eye (Zosterops kulambangrae)
Dark-eyed white-eye (Zosterops tetiparius)
Christmas white-eye (Zosterops natalis)
Bridled white-eye (Zosterops conspicillatus)
Citrine white-eye (Zosterops semperi)
Plain white-eye (Zosterops hypolais)
Louisiade white-eye (Zosterops griseotinctus)
Kolombangara white-eye (Zosterops murphyi)
Large Lifou white-eye (Zosterops inornatus)
† White-chested white-eye (Zosterops albogularis)
Samoan white-eye (Zosterops samoensis)
† Robust white-eye (Zosterops strenuus)
Slender-billed white-eye (Zosterops tenuirostris)
Small Lifou white-eye (Zosterops minutus)
Green-backed white-eye (Zosterops xanthochroa)
Rennell white-eye (Zosterops rennellianus)

References

Moreau, R. E.; Perrins, M.; Hughes, J. T. (1969). "Tongues of the Zosteropidae (white-eyes)". Ardea. 57: 29–47.
Moyle, R. G.; Filardi, C. E.; Smith, C. E.; Diamond, J. (2009). "Explosive Pleistocene diversification and hemispheric expansion of a "great speciator"". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 106 (6): 1863–1868. Bibcode:2009PNAS..106.1863M. doi:10.1073/pnas.0809861105. PMC 2644129. PMID 19181851.
Vigors, Nicholas Aylward; Horsfield, Thomas (1827). "Australian birds in the collection of the Linnean Society; with an attempt at arranging them according to their natural affinities". Transactions of the Linnean Society of London (in English and Latin). 15 (1): 170–334 [234]. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1826.tb00115.x. The title page is dated 1826.
Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 414. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
Lesson, René P. (1828). Manuel d'ornithologie, ou Description des genres et des principales espèces d'oiseaux (in French). Volume 1. Paris: Roret. p. 286.
Paynter, Raymond A. Jr, ed. (1986). Check-list of Birds of the World. Volume 12. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 290.
Cox, S.C.; Prys-Jones, R.P.; Habel, J.C.; Amakobe, B.A.; Day, J.J. (2014). "Niche divergence promotes rapid diversification of East African sky island white-eyes (Aves: Zosteropidae)". Molecular Ecology. 23 (16): 4103–4118. doi:10.1111/mec.12840. PMC 4255762. PMID 24954273.
Wells, D.R. (2017). "Zosterops white-eyes in continental South-East Asia. 1: proposed refinements to the regional definition of Oriental White-eye Z. palpebrosus". Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club. 137 (2): 100–109. doi:10.25226/bboc.v137i2.2017.a12.
Wells, D.R. (2017). "Zosterops white-eyes in continental South-East Asia. 2: what is Zosterops auriventer Hume?". Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club. 137 (2): 110–117. doi:10.25226/bboc.v137i2.2017.a13.
Lim, B.T.M.; Sadanandan, K.R.; Dingle, C.; Leung, Y.Y.; Prawiradilaga, D.M.; Irham, M.; Ashari, H.; Lee, J.G.H.; Rheindt, F.E. (2018). "Molecular evidence suggests radical revision of species limits in the great speciator white‑eye genus Zosterops". Journal of Ornithology. 160: 1–16. doi:10.1007/s10336-018-1583-7.
Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (July 2021). "Sylviid babblers, parrotbills, white-eyes". IOC World Bird List Version 11.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 8 September 2021.
Wickramasinghe, Nelum; Robin, V. V.; Ramakrishnan, Uma; Reddy, Sushma; Seneviratne, Sampath S. (2017). "Non-sister Sri Lankan white-eyes (genus Zosterops) are a result of independent colonizations". PLOS ONE. 12 (8): e0181441. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0181441. PMC 5549887. PMID 28792950.
"Species Updates – IOC World Bird List". Retrieved 2021-05-28.