Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Cladus: Avemetatarsalia
Cladus: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauriformes
Cladus: Dracohors
Cladus: Dinosauria
Ordo: Saurischia
Cladus: Eusaurischia
Subordo: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Cladus: Averostra
Cladus: Tetanurae
Cladus: Avetheropoda
Cladus: Coelurosauria
Cladus: Tyrannoraptora
Cladus: Maniraptoromorpha
Cladus: Maniraptoriformes
Cladus: Maniraptora
Cladus: Pennaraptora
Cladus: Paraves
Cladus: Eumaniraptora
Cladus: Avialae
Infraclassis: Aves
Cladus: Euavialae
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Cladus: Carinatae
Parvclassis: Neornithes
Cohors: Neognathae
Cladus: Pangalloanserae
Cladus: Galloanseres
Ordo: Anseriformes
Familia: Anatidae
Subfamilia: Tadorninae
Genera: Alopochen – Chloephaga – Cyanochen – Hymenolaimus – Merganetta – Neochen – Radjah – Sarkidiornis – Tachyeres – Tadorna
Genera extincta: †Australotadorna – †Miotadorna
Name
Tadorninae
References
Worthy, T. H. 2009. Descriptions and phylogenetic relationships of two new genera and four new species of Oligo-Miocene waterfowl (Aves: Anatidae) from Australia. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 156: 411–454.
Worthy, T. H., & Lee, M. S. Y. 2008. Affinities of Miocene (19–16 Ma) waterfowl (Anatidae: Manuherikia, Dunstanetta and Miotadorna) from the St Bathans fauna, New Zealand. Palaeontology 51: 677–708.
Worthy, T. H., Tennyson, A. J. D., Jones, C., McNamara, J. A., & Douglas, B. J. 2007. Miocene waterfowl and other birds from central Otago, New Zealand. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 5: 1–39. DOI: 10.1017/S1477201906001957
Vernacular names
Deutsch: Halbgänse
Nordfriisk: Hualewges
français: Tadorninés
한국어: 혹부리오리아과
The Tadorninae is the shelduck-sheldgoose subfamily of the Anatidae, the biological family that includes the ducks and most duck-like waterfowl such as the geese and swans.
This group is largely tropical or Southern Hemisphere in distribution, with only two species, the common shelduck and the ruddy shelduck breeding in northern temperate regions, though the crested shelduck (presumed extinct) was also a northern species.
Most of these species have a distinctive plumage, but there is no pattern as to whether the sexes are alike, even within a single genus.
Systematics
Following the review of Livezey (1986),[1] several species formerly classified as aberrant dabbling ducks or as "perching ducks" were placed in the Tadorninae. mtDNA sequence analyses[2][3] cast doubt on the allocation of several genera; many supposed dabbling ducks and one peculiar goose may more correctly belong here, while some genera believed to be close to shelducks appear to have different relationships altogether.
The available data indicates that the Tadorninae are indeed, as their appearance suggests, somewhat intermediate between geese and dabbling ducks, but the molecular data suggests they are not the only lineage to evolve towards a more duck-like morphology, with the diving ducks and seaducks being more distant.
Family Anatidae
Subfamily Tadorninae
Unequivocally placed in this group:
Tadorna: shelducks (Europe, Africa, Australasia; 6 species) – possibly paraphyletic
Radjah: Radjah shelduck (Australia, New Guinea)
Centrornis: Madagascar sheldgoose (Madagascar, prehistoric)
Alopochen: Egyptian goose, and extinct African and Mascarene shelducks (Africa and Madagascar region; 1 living species, 2–3 extinct)
Neochen: Orinoco goose and Andean goose (South America)
Chloephaga: sheldgeese (South America; 4 species)
Hymenolaimus: blue duck (New Zealand)—formerly in "perching ducks"
Merganetta: torrent duck (Andes mountains, South America) – formerly in "perching ducks"
Provisionally placed in this group:
Malacorhynchus: pink-eared ducks (Australia; 1 living species, 1 prehistoric) – may be closer to Oxyurinae
Cyanochen: blue-winged goose (Ethiopia) – may belong to a distinct subfamily
Tachyeres: steamer ducks (South America; 4 species) – may belong to Anatinae
Plectropterus: spur-winged goose (sub-Saharan Africa) – may be in monotypic subfamily
May belong to Tadorninae, currently placed elsewhere:
Aix: Mandarin duck and wood duck (East Asia and North America, respectively)
Cairina moschata: Muscovy duck (tropical America; genus Cairina may be paraphyletic)
Cereopsis: Cape Barren goose (Australia)
Callonetta: ringed teal (South America)
Chenonetta: maned duck (Australia and formerly New Zealand; 1 living species, 1 extinct)
Salvadorina: Salvadori's teal (New Guinea)—formerly in Anatidae and "perching ducks"
References
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tadorninae.
Livezey, Bradley C. (1986). "A phylogenetic analysis of recent anseriform genera using morphological characters" (PDF). Auk. 103 (4): 737–754.
Sraml, M.; Christidis, L.; Easteal, S.; Horn, P. & Collet, C. (1996). "Molecular Relationships Within Australasian Waterfowl (Anseriformes)". Australian Journal of Zoology. 44 (1): 47–58. doi:10.1071/ZO9960047.
Johnson, Kevin P. & Sorenson, Michael D. (1999). "Phylogeny and biogeography of dabbling ducks (genus Anas): a comparison of molecular and morphological evidence" (PDF). Auk. 116 (3): 792–805. doi:10.2307/4089339.
The Tadorninae is the shelduck-sheldgoose subfamily of the Anatidae, the biological family that includes the ducks and most duck-like waterfowl such as the geese and swans.
This group is largely tropical or Southern Hemisphere in distribution, with only two species, the common shelduck and the ruddy shelduck breeding in northern temperate regions, though the crested shelduck (presumed extinct) was also a northern species.
Most of these species have a distinctive plumage, but there is no pattern as to whether the sexes are alike, even within a single genus.
Systematics
Following the review of Livezey (1986),[1] several species formerly classified as aberrant dabbling ducks or as "perching ducks" were placed in the Tadorninae. mtDNA sequence analyses[2][3] cast doubt on the allocation of several genera; many supposed dabbling ducks and one peculiar goose may more correctly belong here, while some genera believed to be close to shelducks appear to have different relationships altogether.
The available data indicates that the Tadorninae are indeed, as their appearance suggests, somewhat intermediate between geese and dabbling ducks, but the molecular data suggests they are not the only lineage to evolve towards a more duck-like morphology, with the diving ducks and seaducks being more distant.
Family Anatidae
Subfamily Tadorninae
Unequivocally placed in this group:
Tadorna: shelducks (Europe, Africa, Australasia; 6 species) – possibly paraphyletic
Radjah: Radjah shelduck (Australia, New Guinea)
Centrornis: Madagascar sheldgoose (Madagascar, prehistoric)
Alopochen: Egyptian goose, and extinct African and Mascarene shelducks (Africa and Madagascar region; 1 living species, 2–3 extinct)
Neochen: Orinoco goose and Andean goose (South America)
Chloephaga: sheldgeese (South America; 4 species)
Hymenolaimus: blue duck (New Zealand)—formerly in "perching ducks"
Merganetta: torrent duck (Andes mountains, South America) – formerly in "perching ducks"
Provisionally placed in this group:
Malacorhynchus: pink-eared ducks (Australia; 1 living species, 1 prehistoric) – may be closer to Oxyurinae
Cyanochen: blue-winged goose (Ethiopia) – may belong to a distinct subfamily
Tachyeres: steamer ducks (South America; 4 species) – may belong to Anatinae
Plectropterus: spur-winged goose (sub-Saharan Africa) – may be in monotypic subfamily
May belong to Tadorninae, currently placed elsewhere:
Aix: Mandarin duck and wood duck (East Asia and North America, respectively)
Cairina moschata: Muscovy duck (tropical America; genus Cairina may be paraphyletic)
Cereopsis: Cape Barren goose (Australia)
Callonetta: ringed teal (South America)
Chenonetta: maned duck (Australia and formerly New Zealand; 1 living species, 1 extinct)
Salvadorina: Salvadori's teal (New Guinea)—formerly in Anatidae and "perching ducks"
References
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tadorninae.
Livezey, Bradley C. (1986). "A phylogenetic analysis of recent anseriform genera using morphological characters" (PDF). Auk. 103 (4): 737–754.
Sraml, M.; Christidis, L.; Easteal, S.; Horn, P. & Collet, C. (1996). "Molecular Relationships Within Australasian Waterfowl (Anseriformes)". Australian Journal of Zoology. 44 (1): 47–58. doi:10.1071/ZO9960047.
Johnson, Kevin P. & Sorenson, Michael D. (1999). "Phylogeny and biogeography of dabbling ducks (genus Anas): a comparison of molecular and morphological evidence" (PDF). Auk. 116 (3): 792–805. doi:10.2307/4089339.
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/"
All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License
