Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Cladus: Avemetatarsalia
Cladus: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauriformes
Cladus: Dracohors
Cladus: Dinosauria
Ordo: Saurischia
Cladus: Eusaurischia
Subordo: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Cladus: Averostra
Cladus: Tetanurae
Cladus: Avetheropoda
Cladus: Coelurosauria
Cladus: Tyrannoraptora
Cladus: Maniraptoromorpha
Cladus: Maniraptoriformes
Cladus: Maniraptora
Cladus: Pennaraptora
Cladus: Paraves
Cladus: Eumaniraptora
Cladus: Avialae
Infraclassis: Aves
Cladus: Euavialae
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Cladus: Carinatae
Parvclassis: Neornithes
Cohors: Neognathae
Cladus: Neoaves
Cladus: Telluraves
Cladus: Australaves
Ordo: Passeriformes
Subordo: Passeri
Infraordo: Passerida
Superfamilia: Certhioidea
Familia: Polioptilidae
Genus: Polioptila
Species: Polioptila clementsi
Name
Polioptila clementsi Whitney & Alonso, 2005
Holotype: MUSM 21113, adult ♂, 15 December 1998
Type locality: Zona Reservada Allpahuayo-Mishana, 03° 55'S, 73° 29'W, southbank of Rio Nanay, approximately 25 km WSW of Iquitos, Loreto, Peru; 150 m elevation.
References
Whitney, B.M. & Álvarez A., J. (2005). A new species of gnatcatcher from white-sand forests of northern Amazonian Peru with revision of the Polioptila guianensis complex. The Wilson Bulletin 117(2):113-127. DOI: 10.1676/04-064.Full article (PDF)Reference page.
Vernacular names
Deutsch: Iquitos-Mückenfänger
English: Iquitos gnatcatcher
español: Perlita de Iquitos
فارسی: پشهگیر ایکیتوس
Nederlands: Iquitomuggenvanger
polski: Siwuszka samotna
svenska: iquitosmyggsnappare
The Iquitos gnatcatcher (Polioptila clementsi) is a bird in the family Polioptilidae. It was first described in 2005.[1] It is known only from the Allpahuayo-Mishana National Reserve, west of Iquitos, Peru.
Taxonomy and systematics
The Iquitos gnatcatcher is a member of the Guianan gnatcatcher (Polioptila guianensis) complex. It was accepted as a new species by the South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society (SACC/AOS) in July 2006 and by other taxonomic bodies at about that time.[2] However, BirdLife International (BLI) recognizes it only as a subspecies of Guianan gnatcatcher.[3]
Its specific epithet was chosen to honor the American ornithologist James F. Clements.[1]
Description
All of the specimens of Iquitos gnatcatcher have been immature, so the adult plumage has not been formally described. However, observations of apparent adults showed no differences from that of the immatures. The immatures were 11 cm (4.3 in) long and weighed 5 to 6 g (0.18 to 0.21 oz). The male's entire upper side from crown to rump is dark gray. It has a narrow, broken, white eye ring. Its throat and breast are medium gray and the belly white. The innermost feathers of its tail are black and the outermost approximately 80% white, with those between intergrading.[4]
Distribution and habitat
The only known population of the Iquitos gnatcatcher is the Allpahuayo-Mishana National Reserve, west of Iquitos, Peru. The reserve is "on [the] border of ecoregions characterized as Napo moist forest and Iquitos várzea. The elevation there is 150 m (490 ft).[4]
Behavior
Feeding
The Iquitos gnatcatcher's diet is not well known, but is assumed to be insects like that of other Polioptila gnatcatchers. It actively forages in the upper quarter of trees with mixed-species flocks, usually gleaning from the ends of branches and sometimes sallying out to catch flying insects.[4]
Breeding
"The nest, eggs, and breeding behavior of Iquitos Gnatcatcher remain undescribed."[4]
Vocalization
The Iquitos gnatcatcher's song is "a distinctly two-part series" [1]. It also has a variety of calls.[4]
Status
Because BLI does not recognize the Iquitos gnatcatcher as a species, the IUCN has not assessed its status separately from that of the Guianan gnatcatcher complex.[3] Its entire known range is approximately 2,000 ha (7.7 sq mi), and logging is permitted there. Its population is fewer than 250 mature individuals. Those data and "continuing loss of [its] apparently specialized white-sand forest habitat" meet the IUCN criteria for Critically Endangered status.[4][5]
References
Whitney, Bret M.; Alonso, Jose Alvarez (2005). "A new species of gnatcatcher from white-sand forests of northern Amazonian Peru with revision of the Polioptila guianensis complex". Wilson Bulletin. 117 (2): 113–127. doi:10.1676/04-064.
Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 23 May 2021. A classification of the bird species of South America: Recent Changes. American Ornithological Society. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCRecentChanges.htm retrieved May 29, 2021
BirdLife International (2018). "Guianan Gnatcatcher Polioptila guianensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018. Retrieved 29 May 2021.
Atwood, J. L., S. B. Lerman, and G. M. Kirwan (2020). Iquitos Gnatcatcher (Polioptila clementsi), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (S. M. Billerman, B. K. Keeney, P. G. Rodewald, and T. S. Schulenberg, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.iqugna1.01 retrieved May 29, 2021
"IUCN Red List categories and criteria, version 3.1, second edition". International Union for Conservation of Nature. 2012. Retrieved May 29, 2021.
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