Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Cladus: Craniata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Subsectio: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauria
Ordo: Saurischia
Cladus: Eusaurischia
Cladus: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Infraclassis: Aves
Ordo: Passeriformes
Subordo: Passeri
Infraordo: Passerida
Superfamilia: Muscicapoidea
Familia: Muscicapidae
Genus: Phoenicurus
Species: P. alaschanicus - P. auroreus – P. bicolor – P. caeruleocephala - P. erythrogastrus - P. erythronotus - P. frontalis – P. fuliginosus – P. hodgsoni – P. leucocephalus – P. moussieri - P. ochruros - P. phoenicurus - P. schisticeps
Name
Phoenicurus T. Forster, 1817
Typus
Phoenicurus ruficilla T. Forster, 1817, = Motacilla phoenicurus Linnaeus, 1758, = Phoenicurus phoenicurus
Synonyms
Chaimarrornis Hodgson, 1844
Rhyacornis Blanford, 1872
References
A synoptical catalogue of British birds: 16.
Vernacular names
Boarisch: Prantele
čeština: Rehek
dansk: Rødstjert
Deutsch: Rotschwänze
English: Redstart
Esperanto: Ruĝvostuloj
eesti: Lepalind
suomi: Leppälinnut
français: Rouge-queue
magyar: Rozsdafarkú
日本語: ジョウビタキ属
ქართული: ბოლოცეცხლა
қазақша: Қызылқұйрықтар
lietuvių: Raudonuodegės
Nederlands: Roodstaart
norsk nynorsk: Raudstjert
norsk: Rødstjert
polski: Pleszka
русский: Горихвостки
svenska: Rödstjärt
Türkçe: Kızılkuyruk
Phoenicurus is a genus of passerine birds in the Old World flycatcher family Muscicapidae, native to Europe, Asia and Africa. They are named redstarts from their orange-red tails ('start' is an old name for a tail). They are small insectivores, the males mostly brightly coloured in various combinations of red, blue, white, and black, the females light brown with a red tail.[1] A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2010 led to a reorganization of the Old World flycatchers family in which the two species in Rhyacornis and the single species in Chaimarrornis were merged into Phoenicurus.[2][3]
The genus Phoenicurus was introduced by the English naturalist Thomas Forster in 1817.[4][5] The name Phoenicurus is from Ancient Greek φοινιξ (phoinix), "(Phoenician) crimson/purple" (see also Tyrian purple), and ουροσ (-ouros) -"tailed".[6]
The genus contains the following species:[3]
Przevalski's redstart (Phoenicurus alaschanicus)
Eversmann's redstart (Phoenicurus erythronotus)
Blue-capped redstart (Phoenicurus coeruleocephala)
Black redstart (Phoenicurus ochruros)
Common redstart (Phoenicurus phoenicurus)
Hodgson's redstart (Phoenicurus hodgsoni)
White-throated redstart (Phoenicurus schisticeps)
Daurian redstart (Phoenicurus auroreus)
Moussier's redstart (Phoenicurus moussieri)
Güldenstädt's redstart (Phoenicurus erythrogastrus)
Blue-fronted redstart (Phoenicurus frontalis)
Plumbeous water redstart (Phoenicurus fuliginosus) (previously in the genus Rhyacornis)
Luzon water redstart (Phoenicurus bicolor) (previously in the genus Rhyacornis)
White-capped redstart (Phoenicurus leucocephalus) (previously in the monotypic genus Chaimarrornis)
Fossil record
†Phoenicurus erikai (Pliocene of Csarnota, Hungary).[7]
†Phoenicurus baranensis (Pliocene of Beremend, Hungary).[7]
References
Hoyo, J. del, et al., eds. (2005). Handbook of the Birds of the World, vol. 10. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. pp. 768–773. ISBN 84-87334-72-5. {{cite book}}: |first= has generic name (help)
Sangster, G.; Alström, P.; Forsmark, E.; Olsson, U. (2010). "Multi-locus phylogenetic analysis of Old World chats and flycatchers reveals extensive paraphyly at family, subfamily and genus level (Aves: Muscicapidae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 57 (1): 380–392. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.07.008. PMID 20656044.
Gill, Frank; Donsker, David (eds.). "Chats, Old World flycatchers". World Bird List Version 6.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 20 May 2016.
Forster, Thomas (1817). A Synoptical Catalogue of British Birds. London: Nichols, Son, and Bentley. p. 53.
Mayr, Ernst; Paynter, Raymond A. Jr, eds. (1960). Check-list of Birds of the World. Vol. 10. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 74.
Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 304. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4..
Kessler, E. (2013). "Neogene songbirds (Aves, Passeriformes) from Hungary". Hantkeniana. 8: 37–149.
Further reading
Voelker, G.; Semenov, G.; Fadeev, I.V.; Blick, A.; Drovetski, S.V. (2015). "The biogeographic history of Phoenicurus redstarts reveals an allopatric mode of speciation and an out-of-Himalayas colonization pattern". Systematics and Biodiversity. 13 (3): 296–305. doi:10.1080/14772000.2014.992380.
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