Phoenicurus erythrogastrus

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Cladus: Avemetatarsalia
Cladus: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauriformes
Cladus: Dracohors
Cladus: Dinosauria
Cladus: Saurischia
Cladus: Eusaurischia
Subordo: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Cladus: Averostra
Cladus: Tetanurae
Cladus: Avetheropoda
Cladus: Coelurosauria
Cladus: Tyrannoraptora
Cladus: Maniraptoromorpha
Cladus: Maniraptoriformes
Cladus: Maniraptora
Cladus: Pennaraptora
Cladus: Paraves
Cladus: Eumaniraptora
Cladus: Avialae
Infraclassis: Aves
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Cladus: Carinatae
Parvclassis: Neornithes
Cohors: Neognathae
Cladus: Neoaves
Cladus: Telluraves
Cladus: Australaves
Ordo: Passeriformes
Subordo: Passeri
Infraordo: Passerida
Superfamilia: Muscicapoidea

Familia: Muscicapidae
Genus: Phoenicurus
Species: Phoenicurus erythrogastrus
Subspecies: P. e. erythrogastrus – P. e. grandis
Name

Phoenicurus erythrogastrus (Güldenstädt, 1775)
Synonymy

Motacilla erythrogastra (protonym)

References

Novi Commentarii academiae scientiarium imperialis Petropolitanae 19: 469, pl.16, pl.17.

Vernacular names
العربية: حميراء بيضاء الجناح
български: Кавказка червеноопашка
brezhoneg: Rulosteg-Güldenstädt
català: Cotxa capblanca
Cymraeg: Tingoch Güldenstadt
Deutsch: Riesenrotschwanz
English: Güldenstädt's Redstart
Esperanto: Ruĝventra ruĝvostulo
español: Colirrojo de Güldenstädt
فارسی: دم‌سرخ کوهی
suomi: Vuorileppälintu
français: Rougequeue de Güldenstädt
Gaeilge: Earrdheargán báneiteach
magyar: Óriás-rozsdafarkú
հայերեն: Կարմրատուտ կարմրափորիկ
italiano: Codirosso di Guldenstadt
日本語: シロガシラジョウビタキ
қазақша: Қызылбауыр қызылқұйрық
монгол: Цээжмэгт галсүүлт
नेपाली: सेतोपङ्खे खञ्जरी
Nederlands: Witkruinroodstaart
polski: Pleszka kaukaska
svenska: Bergrödstjärt
Türkçe: Büyük kızılkuyruk
Tiếng Việt: Đỏ đuôi cánh trắng

Güldenstädt's redstart (Phoenicurus erythrogastrus) also sometimes called the white-winged redstart, is a species of bird in the genus Phoenicurus, family Muscicapidae. It is found in the high mountains of the southwestern and central Palearctic in the Caucasus, Karakoram, Pamir, Himalaya, Tian Shan, and Altai, in the countries of Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bhutan, China, Georgia, India, Iran, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan.[2]
Female at Tilla Lotani (3,800 m) in Kullu District, Himachal Pradesh, India

It is one of the largest redstarts, 18 cm (7.1 in) long and 21–29 g (0.74–1.02 oz) weight. The adult male is black above except for a white crown, a white patch on the wing, and an orange-red tail; below, the throat and upper breast are black, and the rest of the underparts a rich orange-red. The female and immature male are brown above and orange-buff below, with an orange-red tail.[2]

It breeds at high altitudes from 3,600–5,200 m (11,810–17,060 ft) in alpine meadows and rock-fields, moving slightly lower to 1,500–4,800 m in winter where it occurs mainly in subalpine Hippophae scrub; some populations, notably the northernmost in the mountains around Lake Baikal, migrate further, reaching northeastern China. It feeds on fruit and a wide variety of invertebrates.[2]
Taxonomy and relationships

There are two subspecies:[2]

Phoenicurus erythrogastrus erythrogastrus, Caucasus
Phoenicurus erythrogastrus grandis, Central Asian mountains

In plumage and size the male closely resembles the white-capped redstart Chaimarrornis leucocephalus, sharing the black upperparts and white crown, but lacking the white wing patch.[2] Although the white-capped redstart is currently placed in a separate genus Chaimarrornis, this genus is not genetically distinct and is likely to be merged into Phoenicurus in the future.[3] Male Güldenstädt's redstarts also show some plumage similarities to the much smaller Moussier's redstart P. moussieri, including the white wing patch, while the females more resemble an outsized common redstart.[2]

The scientific name was usually cited in older texts as Phoenicurus erythrogaster, though this is an error in Latin grammar.[2]
References

BirdLife International (2017) [amended version of 2016 assessment]. "Phoenicurus erythrogastrus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T22710072A113283079. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T22710072A113283079.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
Hoyo, J. del; et al., eds. (2005). Handbook of the Birds of the World, vol. 10. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. p. 773]. ISBN 84-87334-72-5.[failed verification]
Sangster, G., Alström, P., Forsmark, E., & Olsson, U. (2010). Multi-locus phylogenetic analysis of Old World chats and flycatchers reveals extensive paraphyly at family, subfamily and genus level (Aves: Muscicapidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 57: 380–392 Full text Archived 2016-04-12 at the Wayback Machine