Eopsaltria australis (*)
Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Cladus: Avemetatarsalia
Cladus: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauriformes
Cladus: Dracohors
Cladus: Dinosauria
Ordo: Saurischia
Cladus: Eusaurischia
Subordo: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Cladus: Averostra
Cladus: Tetanurae
Cladus: Avetheropoda
Cladus: Coelurosauria
Cladus: Tyrannoraptora
Cladus: Maniraptoromorpha
Cladus: Maniraptoriformes
Cladus: Maniraptora
Cladus: Pennaraptora
Cladus: Paraves
Cladus: Eumaniraptora
Cladus: Avialae
Infraclassis: Aves
Cladus: Euavialae
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Cladus: Carinatae
Parvclassis: Neornithes
Cohors: Neognathae
Cladus: Neoaves
Cladus: Telluraves
Cladus: Australaves
Ordo: Passeriformes
Subordo: Passeri
Infraordo: Corvida
Superfamilia: Corvoidea
Familia: Petroicidae
Genus: Eopsaltria
Species: Eopsaltria australis
Subspecies: E. a. austina - E. a. australis - E. a. chrysorrhos - E. a. coomooboolaroo - E. a. magnirostris - E. a. viridior
Name
Eopsaltria australis (Shaw, 1790)
References
Journal of a voyage to New South Wales p. 239,pl.
Vernacular names
Deutsch: Goldbauchschnäpper
English: Eastern Yellow Robin
日本語: ヒガシキバラヒタキ
The eastern yellow robin (Eopsaltria australis) is an Australasian robin of coastal and sub-coastal eastern Australia. The extent of the eastern yellow robin's residence is from the extreme southeast corner of South Australia through most of Victoria and the western half of New South Wales and north as far as Cooktown. Tropical Northern Queensland birds are mainly restricted to the warm heights of the Great Dividing Range.
Taxonomy
The eastern yellow robin was first described by ornithologist George Shaw in 1790. Two subspecies are recognised: the northern yellow robin (subsp. chrysorrhoa) and the nominate or eastern (subsp. australis). The former was previously regarded as a separate species.
Alternatively, the eastern and western yellow robins were classified as a single species by Julian Ford in 1979 on account of similarities in calls, ecology and behaviour. Playback of one species' calls in the other's territory evoked a response.[2] Bird taxonomist Richard Schodde did not feel that this finding warranted the lumping of the two species, but did conclude that they formed a superspecies.[3] Two analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA of Australasian robins revealed that the divergence between the eastern and western yellow robin was consistent with species-level separation, confirming their status as distinct species.[4][5]
Like all Australian robins, it is not closely related to either the European robin or the American robin. It belongs to the genus Eopsaltria, whose Australian members are known colloquially as "yellow robins", as distinct from the "red robins" of the genus Petroica.
Description
In Brunkerville, New South Wales
At 15 to 16 cm (6 in) in length, the eastern yellow robin is one of the larger Australasian robins, and one of the most easily observed. Pairs and small family parties establish a territory—sometimes year-round, sometimes for a season—and seem little disturbed by human presence. They appear not to migrate any great distance, but will make local movements with the seasons, particularly to higher and lower ground.
Distribution and habitat
The eastern yellow robin occupies a wide range of habitats: heaths, mallee, acacia scrub, woodlands, and sclerophyll forests, but is most often found in damper places or near water. Like all Australian robins, the eastern yellow robin tends to inhabit fairly dark, shaded locations, and is a perch and pounce hunter, typically from a tree trunk, wire, or low branch. Its diet includes a wide range of small creatures, mostly insects. Breeding takes place in the spring and, as with many Australian birds, is often communal. The nest is a neat cup made of fine plant material and spider web, usually placed in a fork, and expertly disguised with lichen, moss, bark, or leaves.
References
BirdLife International (2016). "Eopsaltria australis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22704849A93988481. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22704849A93988481.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
Ford, Julian (1979). "Speciation or Subspeciation in the Yellow Robins?". Emu. 79 (3): 103–06. doi:10.1071/mu9790103.
Schodde, Richard; Mason, Ian J. (1999). The Directory of Australian Birds: Passerines. A Taxonomic and Zoogeographic Atlas of the Biodiversity of Birds in Australia and its Territories. Collingwood, Australia: CSIRO Publishing. p. 365. ISBN 978-0-643-06456-0.
Loynes, Kate; Joseph, Leo; Keogh, J. Scott (2009). "Multi-locus phylogeny clarifies the systematics of the Australo-Papuan robins (Family Petroicidae, Passeriformes)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 53 (1): 212–19. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2009.05.012. PMID 19463962.
Christidis, L.; Irestedt, M.; Rowe, D.; Boles, W.E.; Norman, J.A. (2011). "Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA phylogenies reveal a complex evolutionary history in the Australasian robins (Passeriformes: Petroicidae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 61 (3): 726–738. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.08.014. PMID 21867765.
Further reading
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Eopsaltria australis.
Wikispecies has information related to Eopsaltria australis.
Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic Birds. Oxford University Press, Melbourne. ISBN 0-19-553244-9. Pages 770-788
Pavlova, A.; Amos, J. N.; Joseph, L.; Loynes, K.; Austin, J.; Keogh, S.; Stone, G. N.; Nicholls, J. A.; Sunnucks, P. (2013). "Perched at the mito-nuclear crossroads: Divergent mitochondrial lineages correlate with environment in the face of ongoing nuclear gene flow in an australian bird". Evolution. 67 (12): 3412–3428. doi:10.1111/evo.12107. PMID 24299397. S2CID 3224212.
Morales, H.; Pavlova, A.; Joseph, L.; Sunnucks, P. (2015). "Positive and purifying selection in mitochondrial genomes of a bird with mitonuclear discordance". Molecular Ecology. 24 (11): 2820–2837. doi:10.1111/mec.13203. PMID 25876460. S2CID 21524925.
Hernan, M.; Pavlova, A.; Sunnucks, P.; Major, R.; Amos, N.; Joseph, L.; Wang, B.; Lemmon, A. R.; Endler, J. A.; Delhey, K. (2016). "Neutral and selective drivers of colour evolution in a widespread Australian passerine". Journal of Biogeography. 44 (3): 522–536. doi:10.1111/jbi.12942.
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