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Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Cladus: Avemetatarsalia
Cladus: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauriformes
Cladus: Dracohors
Cladus: Dinosauria
Ordo: Saurischia
Cladus: Eusaurischia
Subordo: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Cladus: Averostra
Cladus: Tetanurae
Cladus: Avetheropoda
Cladus: Coelurosauria
Cladus: Tyrannoraptora
Cladus: Maniraptoromorpha
Cladus: Maniraptoriformes
Cladus: Maniraptora
Cladus: Pennaraptora
Cladus: Paraves
Cladus: Eumaniraptora
Cladus: Avialae
Infraclassis: Aves
Cladus: Euavialae
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Cladus: Carinatae
Parvclassis: Neornithes
Cohors: Neognathae
Cladus: Neoaves
Cladus: Telluraves
Cladus: Australaves
Ordo: Passeriformes
Subordo: Tyranni
Infraordo: Tyrannides
Parvordo: Tyrannida
Familia: Tyrannidae
Genus: Elaenia
Species: Elaenia frantzii
Subspecies: E. f. browni – E. f. frantzii – E. f. pudica – E. f. ultima
Name
Elaenia frantzii Lawrence, 1865
Holotype: NMNHW 39047
Type locality: San José, Costa Rica.
Synonyms
Elainea frantzii (protonym)
References
Lawrence, G.N. 1867. Descriptions of Six New Species of Birds from Central America. Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 8: 170–173 BHLReference page. Original description p. 172 BHL
Vernacular names
čeština: Elenie horská
dansk: Colombiaelænia
Deutsch: Nordanden-Olivtyrann
English: Mountain Elaenia
español: Fiofío Montano
suomi: Vuorielenia
français: Élénie montagnarde
magyar: Hegyi elénia
italiano: Elenia di Frantz
日本語: ミヤマキクタイランチョウ, miyamakikutairanchou
Nederlands: Bergelenia
norsk: Bergelenia
polski: Elenia górska
русский: Горная эления
slovenčina: Elénia horská
svenska: Bergselenia
中文: 山拟霸鹟
The mountain elaenia (Elaenia frantzii) is a small passerine bird in the tyrant flycatcher family. It breeds in highlands from Guatemala to Colombia and western Venezuela. The scientific name celebrates the German physician and naturalist, Alexander von Frantzius.
Description
Savegre Valley, Costa Rica
This tyrant flycatcher is 14–15 cm (5.5–5.9 in) long and weighs 17–20 g (0.60–0.71 oz). The upperparts are dull olive, with a narrow white eye ring. The wings are dusky with narrow yellow feather edges and two off-white wing bars. The throat and breast are yellowish grey, becoming dull yellow on the belly. Sexes are similar, but young birds are browner above, paler below and have brighter wing bars.
Subspecies
Four subspecies are recognized:[2]
Elaenia frantzii ultima – Griscom, 1935: found in Chiapas (southern Mexico), Guatemala, El Salvador and Honduras
Elaenia frantzii frantzii – Lawrence, 1865: found in Nicaragua, Costa Rica and western Panama
Elaenia frantzii browni – Bangs, 1898: found in northern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela
Elaenia frantzii pudica – Sclater, PL, 1871: found in northern and eastern Colombia, northern and western Venezuela
Behaviour
This is an inconspicuous species, with a slurred peeeeur call, longer than that of mistletoe tyrannulet, and a repetitive d’weet d’weet song. It is solitary when not breeding.
Breeding
The mountain elaenia breeds between 1,200 and 2,900 m (3,900 and 9,500 ft) in altitude in wet mountain forests, especially at the edges and in clearings and in adjacent second growth, semi-open areas, or pastures with trees. It moves lower in winter, down to 600 m (2,000 ft), and also appears to undergo seasonal movements.[3][4]
Its nest is a cup of mosses, liverworts and lichens, lined with plant fibres. It is built by the female 2–15 m (6.6–49.2 ft) high in a tree or bamboo. The two cinnamon-blotched whitish eggs are incubated by the female for 15–16 days to hatching.
Feeding
It perches on a shaded watchpoint from which it sallies forth to pick insects, spiders, and many berries and seeds from foliage or even the ground. All its food is taken in flight.
References
Notes
BirdLife International (2016). "Elaenia frantzii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22699298A93724789. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22699298A93724789.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
IOC v.6.3
Hilty, Steven L. (2003). Birds of Venezuela. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-7136-6418-5.
Strewe, Ralf; Navarro, Cristobal (2004). "New and noteworthy records of birds from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta region, north-eastern Colombia". Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club. British Ornithologists' Club. 124 (1): 38–51.
Sources
Stiles, F. Gary; Skutch, Alexander F. (1989). A Guide to the Birds of Costa Rica. Comstock Publishing Associates. ISBN 0-8014-9600-4.
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