Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Cladus: Avemetatarsalia
Cladus: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauriformes
Cladus: Dracohors
Cladus: Dinosauria
Ordo: Saurischia
Cladus: Eusaurischia
Subordo: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Cladus: Averostra
Cladus: Tetanurae
Cladus: Avetheropoda
Cladus: Coelurosauria
Cladus: Tyrannoraptora
Cladus: Maniraptoromorpha
Cladus: Maniraptoriformes
Cladus: Maniraptora
Cladus: Pennaraptora
Cladus: Paraves
Cladus: Eumaniraptora
Cladus: Avialae
Infraclassis: Aves
Cladus: Euavialae
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Cladus: Carinatae
Parvclassis: Neornithes
Cohors: Neognathae
Cladus: Neoaves
Cladus: Telluraves
Cladus: Australaves
Ordo: Psittaciformes
Familia: Psittacidae
Subfamilia: Psittacinae
Tribus: Androglossini
Genus: Amazona
Species: Amazona pretrei
Name
Amazona pretrei (Temminck, 1830)
Synonymy
Psittacus petrei (protonym)
References
Temminck, C.J. & Laugier de Chartrouse, G.M.J.M. 1821–1838. Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d’oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon, édition in-folio et in-4° de l’Imprimerie nationale, 1770. Levrault, Paris. Vol. IV. No. 362–480 pp. 1–176. DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.51468 BHL Reference page. p. 11 BHL pl. 492 BHL
Links
IUCN: Amazona pretrei (Vulnerable)
[1] Listed animal in CITES Appendix I
Vernacular names
Deutsch: Prachttamazone
English: Red-spectacled Amazon
español: Charao
suomi: Araukaria-amatsoni
日本語: アカソデボウシインコ
മലയാളം: റെഡ്-സ്പെക്ടകിൾഡ് ആമസോൺ
кырык мары: Паян амазон
Nederlands: Roodbrilamazone
polski: Amazonka czerwonouda
پنجابی: سوہنا ایمیزن
português: Papagaio-da-serra
русский: Роскошный амазон
svenska: Rödmaskad amazon
українська: Амазон червоноплечий
Tiếng Việt: Vẹt vành mắt đỏ
The red-spectacled amazon (Amazona pretrei) is a species of parrot in the family Psittacidae. It is found in Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forest, subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest, subtropical or tropical moist montane forest, dry savanna, and plantations. It is threatened by habitat loss.
The Red-spectacled Amazon migrates seasonally from the northern region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul to the south-eastern state of Santa Catarina to feed on the mass-produced seeds of the Brazilian Pine.[3]
The species is distributed in the area of the frontier between southern Corrientes province in Argentina and the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.[4]
They are a quiet species with a relaxed disposition.[4]
Description
In Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
The red-spectacled amazon is 32 cm (13 in) long. It is mostly green with some sparse red spots on head, variable extent of red on forehead, lores and around eyes, white eyerings, red on the bend of the wings with blue tips to secondaries and primaries and yellowish bill.[5] Females have less red on the bend of the wing.[6]
Diet: 90 percent of the Red-spectacled amazon's diet that inhabits the wild contains Angustifolia seeds, those in captivity, their diets consist of vegetables along with Araucaria seeds.
Conservation and threats
The red-spectacled amazon is a declining species as it is highly threatened by the destruction of the Aruacaria moist forests and the illegal exotic pet trade.[7] An analysis of the extinct Amazona pretrei population records reveals that the species disappeared due to severe habitat loss, and in the past, the parrot's geographical range was at least 10% larger than the current range.[7]
The red-spectacled amazon is prized for its colorful feathers, mimicry ability, exotic appeal, and relative rarity, so eggs and live parrots are frequently smuggled from the wild and bred in captivity.[8] It is estimated that nearly 500 chicks are stolen from their nests and sold in Brazilian cities every year.[7]
References
BirdLife International (2016). "Amazona pretrei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22686251A93104759. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22686251A93104759.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
"Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
Marini, Miguel Ângelo; Barbet-Massin, Morgane; Martinez, Jaime; Prestes, Nêmora P.; Jiguet, Frédéric (January 2010). "Applying ecological niche modelling to plan conservation actions for the Red-spectacled Amazon (Amazona pretrei)". Biological Conservation. 143 (1): 102–112. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2009.09.009. ISSN 0006-3207.
SMITH, PAUL (September 2018). "The identity of the mysterious "Azara's Parakeet" Sittace flaviventris Wagler, 1832". Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências. 90 (3): 2851–2853. doi:10.1590/0001-3765201820170881. ISSN 1678-2690.
"Data Zone: Red-spectacled Amazon (Amazona pretrei)". BirdLife International. Retrieved 12 July 2020.
Forshaw, Joseph M. (2006). Parrots of the World; an Identification Guide. Illustrated by Frank Knight. Princeton University Press. p. Plate 108. ISBN 0-691-09251-6.
Marini, Miguel Ângelo; Barbet-Massin, Morgane; Martinez, Jaime; Prestes, Nêmora P.; Jiguet, Frédéric (January 2010). "Applying ecological niche modelling to plan conservation actions for the Red-spectacled Amazon (Amazona pretrei)". Biological Conservation. 143 (1): 102–112. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2009.09.009.
Jan, Catherine; Fumagalli, Luca (2016-09-22). "Polymorphic DNA microsatellite markers for forensic individual identification and parentage analyses of seven threatened species of parrots (family Psittacidae)". PeerJ. 4: e2416. doi:10.7717/peerj.2416. ISSN 2167-8359.
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