Amazona albifrons
Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Cladus: Avemetatarsalia
Cladus: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauriformes
Cladus: Dracohors
Cladus: Dinosauria
Ordo: Saurischia
Cladus: Eusaurischia
Subordo: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Cladus: Averostra
Cladus: Tetanurae
Cladus: Avetheropoda
Cladus: Coelurosauria
Cladus: Tyrannoraptora
Cladus: Maniraptoromorpha
Cladus: Maniraptoriformes
Cladus: Maniraptora
Cladus: Pennaraptora
Cladus: Paraves
Cladus: Eumaniraptora
Cladus: Avialae
Infraclassis: Aves
Cladus: Euavialae
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Cladus: Carinatae
Parvclassis: Neornithes
Cohors: Neognathae
Cladus: Neoaves
Cladus: Telluraves
Cladus: Australaves
Ordo: Psittaciformes
Familia: Psittacidae
Subfamilia: Psittacinae
Tribus: Androglossini
Genus: Amazona
Species: Amazona albifrons
Name
Amazona albifrons (Sparrman, 1788)
Type locality: no locality; restricted to southwestern Mexico lately.
Synonyms
Psittacus albifrons (protonym)
References
Sparrman, A. 1788. Museum Carlsonianum, in quo novas et selectas aves, coloribus ad vivum brevique descriptione illustratas, suasu et sumtibus generosissimi possessoris, fasc. III., pl. 51–75. Holmiae (Stockholm): Ex Typographia Regia. BHL DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.62901 Reference page. pl. 52 BHL text BHL
Vernacular names
čeština: Amazoňan běločelý
dansk: Brilleamazone
Deutsch: Weißstirnamazone
English: White-fronted Amazon
español: Loro frente blanca, cotorro
eesti: Lauk-amatsoonpapagoi
suomi: Valko-otsa-amatsoni
français: Amazone à front blanc
galego: Papagaio de testa branca
magyar: Fehérhomlokú amazon
italiano: Amazzone fontebianca
日本語: コボウシインコ, koboushiinko
lietuvių: Baltakaktė amazonė
Nāhuatl: Cochotl
Nederlands: Witvoorhoofdamazone
norsk: Hvitpanneamazon
polski: Amazonka białoczelna
português: Papagaio de testa branca
русский: Белолобый амазон
slovenčina: Amazoňan bieločelý
svenska: Vitpannad amazon
українська: Білолобий амазон
中文: 白额绿鹦哥
The white-fronted amazon (Amazona albifrons) also known as the white-fronted parrot, or spectacled amazon parrot,[2] is a Central American species of parrot. They can imitate a range from 30 to 40 different sounds. Like other large parrots, the white-fronted parrot has a long potential life span, usually around 40 years.
Description
Upper body
The white-fronted amazon, at about 25 cm (9.8 in) long, is the smallest of the amazon parrots. This species is named for the bright white patch of feathers on its forehead, although the amount of white varies from individual to individual. They have mostly green plumage with some blue colouring on their outspread wings. They have bright red colouring around their eyes (in some individuals almost like spectacles) and blue colouring behind the patch of white on their foreheads. Together with the red-spectacled amazon and the yellow-lored amazon, it is the only amazon species in which adult males and females easily can be distinguished by external appearance (sexual dimorphism): Males have bright red feathers on their "shoulders" (alula), while females have green "shoulders". Juveniles have pale grey irises and less red on their face and the white area is replaced with a smaller yellowish area.[3]
Taxonomy
The species is divided into three subspecies[4] with slight differences in colour and size:
White-fronted amazon (A. a. albifrons) — (Sparrman, 1788) — nominate, found from western Mexico to southwestern Guatemala
Lesser white-fronted amazon (A. a. nana) — Miller, W, 1905 — found from southeastern Mexico to northwestern Costa Rica
Sonora white-fronted amazon (A. a. saltuensis) — Nelson, 1899 — found in northwestern Mexico
Distribution and habitat
The white-fronted amazon is native to Central America and Mexico; and is most often seen in small flocks of up to 20 birds. They are seen in a variety of different habitats from wet regions such as rainforests, to drier areas such as cactus savannahs. In the wild, they are not shy and people are often able to approach them. Flocks may congregate and people have seen groups that number into the hundreds. These groups may also contain flocks from other species such as the red-lored amazon. A population has been seen in southern Texas, probably escapees, and a small feral population has been observed living in southern California.[5] Introduced breeding populations have also been reported in Puerto Rico.[6]
Breeding
The white-fronted amazon nests in tree cavities. Their breeding season is usually in the spring, starting in February and ending in the summer (in June and July in most areas). After breeding, the female will lay an average of three to four white eggs. Eggs are incubated for about 26 days and chicks leave the nest at the age of about 60 days from hatching.[3]
Aviculture
Pet
The white-fronted amazon is sometimes kept by humans as a companion parrot or aviary bird. When tame, it is typically a sociable, affectionate, playful and intelligent bird that can learn to talk and often forms a close bond with its owner. Like many parrots, it is a long-lived species - potentially living for over 50 years in captivity.[2] However it is also a loud, noisy bird that is unsuitable for apartment dwelling and requires regular exercise, play opportunities and social interaction in order to thrive.[7] The World Parrot Trust recommends that the white-fronted amazon be kept in an enclosure with a minimum length of 3 metres.[2]
References
BirdLife International (2018). "Amazona albifrons". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22686222A131918643. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22686222A131918643.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
"WHITE-FRONTED AMAZON (Amazona albifrons)". World Parrot Trust. Retrieved 14 April 2021.
Alderton, David (2003). The Ultimate Encyclopedia of Caged and Aviary Birds. London, England: Hermes House. p. 233. ISBN 1-84309-164-X.
Gill F & D Donsker (Eds). 2014. IOC World Bird List (v 4.2). doi:10.14344/IOC.ML.4.2 www.worldbirdnames.org Accessed 25 May 2014.
"Flock Information". CaliforniaFlocks. Retrieved 7 December 2013.
Falcón, Wilfredo; Tremblay, Raymond L. (2018). "From the cage to the wild: introductions of Psittaciformes to Puerto Rico". PeerJ. 6:e5669: e5669. doi:10.7717/peerj.5669. PMC 6214232. PMID 30397538. Retrieved 17 November 2018.
Kalhagen, Alyson. "White-Fronted (White-Browed) Amazon Parrots: Bird Species Profile". The Spruce Pets. Retrieved 14 April 2021.
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