Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Classis: Arachnida
Ordo: Araneae
Subordo: Opisthothelae
Infraordo: Araneomorphae
Taxon: Neocribellatae
Series: Entelegynae
Sectio: Dionycha
Superfamilia: Salticoidea
Familia: Salticidae
Subfamilia: Salticinae
Clade: Marpissoida
Tribus: Dendryphantini
Subtribus: Dendryphantina
Genus: Phidippus
Species: P. adonis – P. adumbratus – P. aeneidens – P. albocinctus – P. albulatus – P. amans – P. apacheanus – P. ardens – P. arizonensis – P. asotus – P. audax – P. aureus – P. bengalensis – P. bhimrakshiti – P. bidentatus – P. birabeni – P. boei – P. borealis – P. calcuttaensis – P. californicus – P. cardinalis – P. carneus – P. carolinensis – P. cerberus – P. clarus – P. comatus – P. concinnus – P. cruentus – P. cryptus – P. dianthus – P. exlineae – P. felinus – P. georgii – P. guianensis – P. hingstoni – P. insignarius – P. johnsoni – P. kastoni – P. khandalaensis – P. lynceus – P. maddisoni – P. majumderi – P. mimicus – P. morpheus – P. mystaceus – P. nikites – P. octopunctatus – P. olympus – P. otiosus – P. pacosauritus – P. phoenix – P. pius – P. pompatus – P. princeps – P. pruinosus – P. pulcherrimus – P. punjabensis – P. purpuratus – P. putnami – P. regius – P. richmani – P. tenuis – P. texanus – P. tigris – P. tirapensis – P. toro – P. triangulifer – P. tux – P. tyrannus – P. tyrrelli – P. ursulus – P. venus – P. vexans – P. whitmani – P. workmani – P. yashodharae – P. zebrinus – P. zethus
Nomina dubia
Phidippus arrogans C. L. Koch, 1846: 157, f. 1212 (j, Brazil) -- Edwards, 2004: 4.
Phidippus cinereus (Walckenaer, 1837: 440, f, USA, originally in Attus, T here by Chamberlin & Ivie, 1944: 207, f. 37, T from Dendryphantes per Roewer) -- Richman & Cutler, 1978: 95.
Phidippus contemplator (Walckenaer, 1837: 457, USA, originally in Attus, T from Dendryphantes per Roewer) -- Roewer, 1955c: 1213, (sub P. obscurus).
Phidippus dissimulator (Walckenaer, 1837: 453, f, USA, originally in Attus, T here by Chamberlin & Ivie, 1944: 207, f. 19, T from Dendryphantes per Roewer) -- Richman & Cutler, 1978: 95.
Phidippus excubitor (Walckenaer, 1805: 23, 1837: 436, mf, USA, originally in Attus, T here by Chamberlin & Ivie, 1944: 207, T from Dendryphantes per Roewer) -- Richman & Cutler, 1978: 95.
Phidippus formosus (Peckham & Peckham, 1883: 23, pl. 2, f. 18, originally in Attus, f, USA) -- Edwards, 2004: 61, contra Richman & Cutler, 1978: 96 (N.B.: preoccupied in Phidippus by a fossil and therefore renamed P. homarinus by Cockerell, 1924).
Phidippus fraudulentus (Walckenaer, 1837: 442, f, USA, originally in Attus, T here by Chamberlin & Ivie, 1944: 208, removed from S of Dendryphantes insignatrius per Roewer) -- Richman, 1978: 58.
Phidippus insidiosus (Walckenaer, 1837: 440, mf, USA, originally in Attus, T here by Chamberlin & Ivie, 1944: 208, f. 217, T from Dendryphantes per Roewer) -- Richman & Cutler, 1978: 95.
Phidippus investigator (Walckenaer, 1837: 445, m, USA, originally in Attus, T here by Chamberlin & Ivie, 1944: 208, f. 18, T from Dendryphantes per Roewer) -- Richman & Cutler, 1978: 95.
Phidippus latus (Walckenaer, 1837: 438, f, USA, originally in Attus, T here by Chamberlin & Ivie, 1944: 209, f. 15, T from Dendryphantes per Roewer) -- Richman & Cutler, 1978: 95.
Phidippus pileatus (Walckenaer, 1837: 450, f, USA, originally in Attus, T here by Chamberlin & Ivie, 1944: 210, f. 17, T from Dendryphantes per Roewer) -- Richman & Cutler, 1978: 95.
Phidippus pilosus (Walckenaer, 1837: 447, m, USA, originally in Attus, T here by Chamberlin & Ivie, 1944: 211, f. 33, T from Dendryphantes per Roewer) -- Richman & Cutler, 1978: 95.
Phidippus purpurarius (Walckenaer, 1837: 446, f, USA, originally in Attus, T here by Chamberlin & Ivie, 1944: 211, f. 36, T from Dendryphantes per Roewer) -- Richman & Cutler, 1978: 95.
Phidippus rimator (Walckenaer, 1837: 446, f, f, USA, originally in Attus, T to Philaeus by Peckham & Peckham, 1888: 32, pl. 1, f. 22, here by Chamberlin & Ivie, 1944: 212, removed from S of Dendryphantes clarus per Roewer) -- Richman, 1978: 58, Edwards, 2004: 60.
Phidippus sagax (Walckenaer, 1837: 449, f, USA, originally in Attus, T here by Chamberlin & Ivie, 1944: 212, f. 38, T from Dendryphantes per Roewer) -- Richman & Cutler, 1978: 95.
Phidippus translatus Peckham & Peckham, 1901a: 298 (f, Brazil) -- Edwards, 2004: 4.
Phidippus triangulifer Caporiacco, 1954: 184, f. 70 (f, French Guiana, probably misplaced in this genus, per Edwards, 2004: 5) [1] -- Ruiz & Brescovit, 2008c: 493.
Phidippus tridentiger (Walckenaer, 1837: 449, f, USA, originally in Attus, T here by Chamberlin & Ivie, 1944: 212, f. 10, T from Dendryphantes per Roewer) -- Richman & Cutler, 1978: 95.
Name
Phidippus Koch, 1846
Type species: Attus audax Hentz, 1845 [=Salticus variegatus Lucas, 1833, nomem oblitum]
References
Primary references
Additional references
Edwards, G.B. 2004. Revision of the jumping spiders of the genus Phidippus (Araneae: Salticidae). Occasional Papers of the Florida State Collection of Arthropods 11: 1-156. Full article (PDF). Reference page.
Edwards, G.B. 2020. Description of Phidippus pacosauritus sp. nov. (Salticidae: Salticinae: Dendryphantini: Dendryphantina), with a reanalysis of related species in the mystaceus group. PECKHAMIA 221.1: 1-18. Reference page.
Links
Platnick, N. I. 2008. The World Spider Catalog, version 9.0. American Museum of Natural History. [2]
Phidippus is a genus in the family Salticidae (jumping spiders).[1] Some of the largest jumping spiders inhabit this genus, and many species are characterized by their brilliant, iridescent green chelicerae. Phidippus is distributed almost exclusively in North America, with the exception of two exported species (Phidippus audax and Phidippus regius).[2] As of January 2021, there were about 80 described species in the genus.[1] Species previously described in Phidippus which are found in India and Bangladesh do not belong in this genus.[2]
Name
The genus name is likely derived from Cicero's speech Pro Rege Deiotaro (Speech in Behalf of King Deiotarus): Phidippus was a slave who was physician to King Deiotaros.[3] Literally, the word means "one who spares horses" in Ancient Greek.[4]
The name for the jumping spider family, Salticidae, also comes from the verb "to jump" in Latin.
Species
As of January 2021, the World Spider Catalog accepted the following species:[1]
Phidippus adonis Edwards, 2004 – Mexico
Phidippus adumbratus Gertsch, 1934 – United States
Phidippus aeneidens Taczanowski, 1878 – Peru
Phidippus albocinctus Caporiacco, 1947 – Guyana
Phidippus amans Edwards, 2004 – Mexico
Phidippus albulatus F. O. P-Cambridge, 1901 – Mexico
Phidippus apacheanus Chamberlin & Gertsch, 1929 – United States, Mexico, Cuba
Phidippus ardens Peckham & Peckham, 1901 – United States, Mexico
Phidippus arizonensis (Peckham & Peckham, 1883) – United States, Mexico
Phidippus asotus Chamberlin & Ivie, 1933 – United States, Mexico
Phidippus audax (Hentz, 1845) – North America, introduced in Hawaii, Nicobar Islands
Phidippus aureus Edwards, 2004 – United States
Phidippus bengalensis Tikader, 1977 – India
Phidippus bhimrakshiti Gajbe, 2004 – India
Phidippus bidentatus F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1901 – United States to Costa Rica
Phidippus birabeni Mello-Leitão, 1944 – Argentina
Phidippus boei Edwards, 2004 – United States, Mexico
Phidippus borealis Banks, 1895 – United States, Canada, Alaska
Phidippus calcuttaensis Biswas, 1984 – India
Phidippus californicus Peckham & Peckham, 1901 – North America
Phidippus cardinalis (Hentz, 1845) – United States, Mexico
Phidippus carneus Peckham & Peckham, 1896 – United States, Mexico
Phidippus carolinensis Peckham & Peckham, 1909 – United States, Mexico
Phidippus cerberus Edwards, 2004 – Mexico
Phidippus clarus Keyserling, 1885 – North America
Phidippus comatus Peckham & Peckham, 1901 – North America
Phidippus concinnus Gertsch, 1934 – United States
Phidippus cruentus F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1901 – Mexico
Phidippus cryptus Edwards, 2004 – United States, Canada
Phidippus dianthus Edwards, 2004 – Mexico
Phidippus exlineae Caporiacco, 1955 – Venezuela
Phidippus felinus Edwards, 2004 – United States
Phidippus georgii Peckham & Peckham, 1896 – Mexico to El Salvador
Phidippus guianensis Caporiacco, 1947 – Guyana
Phidippus hingstoni Mello-Leitão, 1948 – Guyana
Phidippus insignarius C. L. Koch, 1846 – United States
Phidippus johnsoni (Peckham & Peckham, 1883) – North America
Phidippus kastoni Edwards, 2004 – United States
Phidippus khandalaensis Tikader, 1977 – India
Phidippus lynceus Edwards, 2004 – United States
Phidippus maddisoni Edwards, 2004 – Mexico
Phidippus majumderi Biswas, 1999 – Bangladesh
Phidippus mimicus Edwards, 2004 – Mexico
Phidippus morpheus Edwards, 2004 – United States, Mexico
Phidippus mystaceus (Hentz, 1846) – United States
Phidippus nikites Chamberlin & Ivie, 1935 – United States, Mexico
Phidippus octopunctatus (Peckham & Peckham, 1883) – United States, Mexico
Phidippus olympus Edwards, 2004 – United States
Phidippus otiosus (Hentz, 1846) – United States
Phidippus pacosauritus Edwards, 2020 – Mexico
Phidippus phoenix Edwards, 2004 – United States, Mexico
Phidippus pius Scheffer, 1905 – United States to Costa Rica
Phidippus pompatus Edwards, 2004 – Mexico
Phidippus princeps (Peckham & Peckham, 1883) – United States, Canada
Phidippus pruinosus Peckham & Peckham, 1909 – United States
Phidippus punjabensis Tikader, 1974 – India
Phidippus purpuratus Keyserling, 1885 – United States, Canada
Phidippus putnami (Peckham & Peckham, 1883) – United States
Phidippus regius C. L. Koch, 1846 (United States, West Indies, Easter Island – introduced)
Phidippus richmani Edwards, 2004 – United States
Phidippus tenuis (Kraus, 1955) – El Salvador
Phidippus texanus Banks, 1906 – United States, Mexico
Phidippus tigris Edwards, 2004 – United States
Phidippus tirapensis Biswas & Biswas, 2006 – India
Phidippus toro Edwards, 1978 – United States, Mexico
Phidippus tux Pinter, 1970 – United States, Mexico
Phidippus tyrannus Edwards, 2004 – United States, Mexico
Phidippus tyrrelli Peckham & Peckham, 1901 – North America
Phidippus ursulus Edwards, 2004 – United States
Phidippus venus Edwards, 2004 – Mexico
Phidippus vexans Edwards, 2004 – United States
Phidippus whitmani Peckham & Peckham, 1909 – United States, Canada
Phidippus workmani Peckham & Peckham, 1901 – United States
Phidippus yashodharae Tikader, 1977 – India (Andaman Is.)
Phidippus zebrinus Mello-Leitão, 1945 – Argentina
Phidippus zethus Edwards, 2004 – Mexico
Misplaced species
In addition to the species above, several species have been misplaced in the genus (according to Edwards' revision) but have yet to be transferred to other genera.[2] These include:
Phidippus aeneidens Taczanowski, 1878 – Peru
Phidippus albocinctus Caporiacco, 1947 – Guyana
Phidippus bengalensis Tikader, 1977 – India
Phidippus bhimrakshiti Gajbe, 2004 – India
Phidippus birabeni Mello-Leitão, 1944 – Argentina
Phidippus calcuttaensis Biswas, 1984 – India
Phidippus exlineae Caporiacco, 1955 – Venezuela
Phidippus guianensis Caporiacco, 1947 – Guyana
Phidippus hingstoni Mello-Leitão, 1948 – Guyana
Phidippus khandalaensis Tikader, 1977 – India
Phidippus majumderi Biswas, 1999 – Bangladesh
Phidippus punjabensis Tikader, 1974 – India
Phidippus tenuis Kraus, 1955 – El Salvador
Phidippus tirapensis Biswas & Biswas, 2006 – India
Phidippus yashodharae Tikader, 1977 – Andaman Is.
Phidippus zebrinus Mello-Leitão, 1945 – Argentina
References
"Gen. Phidippus C. L. Koch, 1846", World Spider Catalog, Natural History Museum Bern, retrieved 2021-02-03
Edwards, G. B. (2004). pp. vii, 4–6.
Cicero (45 BCE). "Pro Rege Deiotaro".
Ubick et al. 2005
Bibliography
Gardner, B.T. (1965): Observations on Three Species of Phidippus Jumping Spiders (Araneae: Salticidae). Psyche 72:133-147 PDF (P. californicus = P. coccineus, P. apacheanus, P. octopunctatus = P. opifex)
Ubick, D., Paquin, P., Cushing, P.E. and Roth, V. (editors) (2005): Spiders of North America: An Identification Manual. American Arachnological Society ISBN 0-9771439-0-2
Edwards, G.B. (2004): Revision of the jumping spiders of the genus Phidippus (Araneae: Salticidae). Occasional Papers of the Florida State Collection of Arthropods 11: i-viii, 1-156, 350 figs.
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