Urbanus

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Cladus: Metapterygota
Infraclassis: Neoptera
Cladus: Eumetabola
Cladus: Endopterygota
Superordo: Panorpida
Cladus: Amphiesmenoptera
Ordo: Lepidoptera
Subordo: Glossata
Cladus: Coelolepida
Cladus: Myoglossata
Cladus: Neolepidoptera
Infraordo: Heteroneura
Cladus: Eulepidoptera
Cladus: Ditrysia
Cladus: Apoditrysia
Cladus: Obtectomera
Superfamilia: Papilionoidea

Familia: Hesperiidae
Subfamilia: Eudaminae
Tribus: Eudamini
Subtribus: Eudamina
Genus: Urbanus
Subgenera (2): Urbanoides – Urbanus
Name

Urbanus Hübner, [1807], 1: pls. 150, 151, 155, 159.

Type species: Papilio proteus Linnaeus, 1758, by subsequent designation by Hemming, 1933: 200.
Synonyms

Thymele [Illiger], 1807 (rejected name – ICZN Op. 232)
Type species: Papilio proteus Linnaeus, 1758.
Goniurus Hübner, [1819]: 104.
Type species: Papilio proteus Linnaeus, 1758, by subsequent designation by Westwood, 1852: 510.
Eudamus Swainson, 1831, 2: pl. 48.
Type species: Papilio proteus Linnaeus, 1758, by original designation.
Lyroptera Plötz, 1881: 500 (nomen nudum, unavailable).
Type species: Papilio proteus Linnaeus, 1758.

References
Primary references

Hemming, A. F., 1933. On the Types of certain butterfly genera. Entomologist 66: 196–200. Reference page.
Hemming, A. F., 1967. The generic names of the butterflies and their type species (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) 1967, Suppl. 9: 1-509.Reference page.
Hübner, J. 1806–1838. Sammlung exotischer Schmetterlinge. Augsburg. 3 volumes. Vol.1, Vol.2, Vol.3. Reference page.
Hübner, J. 1819. Verzeichniß bekannter Schmettlinge 2–11: 17–176. BHL Reference page.
Plötz, C. 1880. Die Hesperiinen-Gattung Goniurus Hübner und ihre Arten. Bulletin de la Société impériale des naturalistes de Moscou 55: 1-22. Reference page.
Plötz, C. 1881. Die Hesperiinen-Gattung Eudamus und ihre Arten. (1) Entomologische Zeitung 42: 500–504. Reference page.
Swainson, W.J. 1829–1833. Zoological Illustrations, or original figures and descriptions of new rare or interesting animals Series 2, Volumes 1–2. Vol. 1 BHL Vol. 2 BHL DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.42278 Reference page.
Westwood, J.O. [1851]. In Doubleday, E. & Westwood, J. O., 1850–1852: The genera of diurnal Lepidoptera Vol.2. pp.251–534, pls.31–80 + suppl.pl. London. text, plates. Reference page.

Additional references

Austin, G.T., 1998: Hesperiidae of Rondônia Brazil: Ridens and the "proteus" group of Urbanus, with descriptions of new species (Pyrginae). Journal of the Lepidoptersts' Society 52 (2): 166–176. Full article: [1].
Bell, E.L. 1956. Descriptions of some new species of neotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera). American Museum novitates 1778: 1–13. PDF.Reference page.
Bertrand, C., Janzen, D.H., Hallwachs, W., Burns, J.M., Gibson, J.F., Shokralla, S. & Hajibabaei, M. 2014. Mitochondrial and nuclear phylogenetic analysis with Sanger and next-generation sequencing shows that, in Área de Conservación Guanacaste, northwestern Costa Rica, the skipper butterfly named Urbanus belli (family Hesperiidae) comprises three morphologically cryptic species. BMC Evolutionary Biology 14:153. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-14-153 Reference page.
Freeman, H.A., 1969: Records, new species, and a new genus of Hesperiidae from Mexico (Supplement 2). The Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 23 (suppl. 2): 1–64. Full article: [2].
Grishin, N.V. 2019. Expanded phenotypic diagnoses for 24 recently named new taxa of Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). The Taxonomic Report 8(1): 1–15. PDF. Reference page.
Lamas, G. 2004. (ed.) Checklist: Part 4A. Hesperioidea - Papilionoidea. In Heppner, J.B. (ed.) Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Vol.5A, Pt.4A. Assn. for Tropical Lepidoptera/Scientific Publishers, Gainesville. 439pp. Reference page.
Li, W., Cong. Q., Shen, J.H., Zhang, J., Hallwachs, W., Janzen, D.H. & Grishin, N.V. 2019. Genomes of skipper butterflies reveal extensive convergence of wing patterns. PNAS 116(13): 6232–6237. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1821304116. Text. SI Appendix. Reference page.
Steinhauser, S.R. 1981: Revision of the proteus group of the genus Urbanus Hübner (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Bulletin of the Allyn Museum 62: 1–41. PDF Reference page.

Urbanus is a genus of skipper butterflies erected by Jacob Hübner in 1807. They belong to the subfamily Eudaminae, which was long included with the spread-winged skippers (Pyrginae) as a tribe. They are found from the southern United States to South America.[1]

Some smaller genera have been merged with Urbanus. One of these, now a junior synonym, is Eudamus, the type genus of the Eudaminae. But in the wide circumscription listed here, Urbanus is apparently not monophyletic, and thus some of the formerly independent genera are likely valid.
Species
Esmeralda longtail (Urbanus esmeraldus), Costa Rica
Esmeralda longtail (Urbanus esmeraldus), Costa Rica

The species in this genus are:[1][2]
Urbanus and related genera depicted in Adalbert Seitz's Macrolepidoptera of the World

Urbanus albimargo (Mabille, 1875) – Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Venezuela, Ecuador, Colombia, Brazil
U. albimargo albimargo – Panama, Costa Rica, Colombia
U. albimargo rica Evans, 1952 – Paraguay
U. albimargo takuta Evans, 1952 – Guyana
Urbanus ambiguus de Jong, 1983 – Suriname
Urbanus belli (Hayward, 1935) – Bell's longtail – Mexico to Bolivia to Argentina
Urbanus carmelita (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869)
Urbanus carmelita carmelita – Brazil
Urbanus carmelita barra Evans, 1952 – Brazil (Bahia)
Urbanus carmelita trebia (Möschler, 1879) – Venezuela, Panama, Colombia
Urbanus chalco (Hübner, 1823) – Chalco longtail – Panama, Colombia, Brazil, Argentina
Urbanus chales (Godman & Salvin, [1893]) – Mexico
Urbanus cindra Evans, 1952 – Bolivia
Urbanus dorantes (Stoll, [1790]) – Dorantes longtail, lilac-banded longtail
U. dorantes dorantes – south California, south Arizona, south New Mexico, south Texas, south Florida Central America, South America, Argentina, Antilles
U. dorantes dorantes – Texas, Mexico, Suriname, Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela
U. dorantes santiago – (Lucas, 1857) Brazil, Jamaica, Haiti, Venezuela, Cuba, Grenada
U. dorantes obscurus (Hewitson, 1867) – Guadeloupe, Dominica, Martinique, Saba, Antigua, Grenada, Barbados
U. dorantes galapagensis (Williams, 1911) – Galapagos skipper – Galápagos Islands
U. dorantes calafia (Williams, 1926) – Mexico (Baja California)
U. dorantes cramptoni Comstock, 1944 – Antilles, Puerto Rico
Urbanus doryssus (Swainson, 1831) – white-tailed longtail, white-tailed skipper – south Texas, Central America, South America, Argentina
Urbanus doryssus doryssus – Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela, Honduras
Urbanus doryssus albicuspis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869) – Colombia, Brazil (Santa Catarina, Rio de Janeiro)
Urbanus dubius Steinhauser, 1981 – Colombia
Urbanus elmina Evans, 1952 – Ecuador
Urbanus esma Evans, 1952 – Mexico, Brazil (São Paulo)
Urbanus esmeraldus (Butler, 1877) – esmeralda longtail – Mexico, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Panama, Honduras to Brazil, Colombia
Urbanus esta Evans, 1952 – Mexico, Brazil (São Paulo)
Urbanus evenus (Ménétriés, 1855) – Brazil
Urbanus evona Evans, 1952 – Mexico, Guatemala
Urbanus huancavillcas (Williams, 1926) – Ecuador
Urbanus longicaudus Austin, 1998 – Brazil (Rondônia)
Urbanus magnus Steinhauser, 1981 – Ecuador
Urbanus parvus Austin, 1998 Brazil (Rondônia)
Urbanus procne (Plötz, 1880) – brown longtail – south Texas, Arizona, Central America, South America, Argentina, Brazil
Urbanus prodicus Bell, 1956 – Mexico
Urbanus pronta Evans, 1952 – pronta longtail – Mexico, Honduras
Urbanus pronus Evans, 1952 – Central America, Ecuador, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay
Urbanus proteus (Linnaeus, 1758) – long-tailed skipper – south California, Arizona, Texas, Florida Central America, South America, Argentina
U. proteus proteus – Mexico
U. proteus domingo (Scudder, 1872) – Saba to Grenada, Haiti
Urbanus reductus (Riley, 1919) – Brazil (Amazonas)
Urbanus simplicius (Stoll, [1790]) – plain longtail – Texas, Central America, South America, Suriname, Brazil, Honduras, Bolivia
Urbanus tanna Evans, 1952 – Tanna longtail – Mexico to Colombia
Urbanus teleus (Hübner, 1821) – teleus longtail – Central America, south Arizona, south Texas South America, French Guiana, Brazil, Argentina
Urbanus velinus (Plötz, 1880) – Brazil (Bahia), Guyana
Urbanus villus Austin, 1998 – Brazil (Rondônia)
Urbanus virescens (Mabille, 1877) – virescens longtail – French Guiana, Brazil (Rio de Janeiro), Peru
Urbanus viridis Freeman, 1970 – Mexico
Urbanus viterboana (Ehrmann, 1907) – viterboana longtail – Mexico to Colombia, Ecuador
Urbanus zagorus (Plötz, 1880) – Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul), Argentina

References

Savela, Markku (March 27, 2019). "Urbanus Hübner, [1807]". Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms. Retrieved April 26, 2020.
"Pyrginae: Spreadwings -- Longtail Skippers". Neotropical Butterflies. Retrieved April 26, 2020.