Pentatomomorpha

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Cladus: Metapterygota
Infraclassis: Neoptera
Cladus: Eumetabola
Cladus: Paraneoptera
Superordo: Condylognatha
Ordo: Hemiptera
Subordo: Heteroptera
Infraordo: Pentatomomorpha
Superfamiliae (6): Aradoidea – Coreoidea – Idiostoloidea – Lygaeoidea – Pentatomoidea – Pyrrhocoroidea

Overview of families (41 + 4†)

Acanthosomatidae – Alydidae – Aradidae – Artheneidae – Berytidae – Blissidae – Canopidae – Colobathristidae – Coreidae – Cryptorhamphidae – Cydnidae – Cymidae – Dinidoridae – Geocoridae – Henicocoridae – Heterogastridae – Hyocephalidae – Idiostolidae – Lestoniidae – Lygaeidae – Malcidae – Megarididae – Meschiidae – Ninidae – Oxycarenidae – Pachygronthidae – Parastrachiidae – Pentatomidae – Phloeidae – Piesmatidae – Plataspididae – Pyrrhocoridae – Rhopalidae – Rhyparochromidae – Scutelleridae – Stenocephalidae – Termitaphididae – Tessaratomidae – Thaumastellidae – Thyreocoridae – Urostylidae – †Primipentatomidae – †Trisegmentatidae – †Venicoridae – †Yuripopovinidae

Name

Pentatomomorpha Leston, Pendergrast & Southwood, 1954
References

Leston, D., Pendergrast, J.G. & Southwood, T.R.E. 1954. Classification of the Terrestrial Heteroptera (Geocorisae). Nature 174: 91–92. DOI: 10.1038/174091b0. Reference page.
Henry, T.J. 1997. Phylogenetic analysis of family groups within the infraorder Pentatomomorpha (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), with emphasis on the Lygaeoidea. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 90: 275–301.
Dellapé, P.M., Carpintero, D.L. & Melo, M.C. 2010. New records of Dipsocoromorpha, Cimicomorpha and Pentatomomorpha (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) from Argentina. Zootaxa 2436: 57–64. Preview (PDF).
Tian, X., Xie, Q., Li, M., Gao, C., Cui, Y., Xi, L. & Bu, W. 2011. Phylogeny of pentatomomorphan bugs (Hemiptera-Heteroptera: Pentatomomorpha) based on six Hox gene fragments. Zootaxa 2888: 57–68. Preview (PDF).
Yao, Y., Ren, D., Rider, D.A. & Cai, W. 2012. Phylogeny of the infraorder Pentatomomorpha based on fossil and extant morphology, with description of a new fossil family from China. PLoS ONE 7(5): e37289. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037289

Vernacular names
suomi: Marjaludemaiset
magyar: Címerespoloska-alkatúak
日本語: カメムシ下目
slovenščina: Sorodstvo ščitastih stenic

The Pentatomomorpha comprise an infraorder of insects in the true bug order Hemiptera. It unites such animals as the stink bugs (Pentatomidae), flat bugs (Aradidae), seed bugs (Lygaeidae and Rhyparochromidae), etc. They are closely related to the Cimicomorpha.[1]

Based on the fossil morphology, the common ancestor of Pentatomomorpha must be older than the fossils in the late Triassic. They play an important role in agriculture and forestry industries and they are also used as controlling agents in studies.
Systematics

Five superfamilies are usually placed in the Pentatomomorpha. The Aradoidea represent the most basal extant lineage, while the others, often united as clade Trichophora, are more modern:[2][3][1]

Aradoidea Brullé, 1836
Coreoidea Leach, 1815
Lygaeoidea Schilling, 1829
Pentatomoidea Leach, 1815
Pyrrhocoroidea Amyot & Serville, 1843

Among these, the Pentatomoidea seem to represent a by and large monophyletic lineage as traditionally understood, while the other three form a close-knit group and are in serious need of redelimitation.[1] The Idiostolidae are usually considered a family of the Lygaeoidea, but in the past have been placed in a distinct monotypic superfamily Idiostoloidea, for example.

The Piesmatidae, usually placed in the Lygaeoidea also, are sometimes considered incertae sedis,[4] or placed in a monotypic superfamily Piesmatoidea with the discovery of Cretopiesma. However a cladistic analysis rejected Cretopiesma from Piesmatidae and placed the genus in the family Aradidae.[5]
References

"Pentatomomorpha. Flat bugs, stink bugs, seed bugs, leaf-footed bugs, scentless plant bugs, etc". Tree of Life Web Project. January 1, 1995. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
Liu, Yingqi; Li, Hu; Song, Fan; Zhao, Yisheng; et al. (2019). "Higher-level phylogeny and evolutionary history of Pentatomomorpha (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) inferred from mitochondrial genome sequences". Systematic Entomology. 44 (4). doi:10.1111/syen.12357.
Li, Min; Wang, Yanhui; Xie, Qiang; Tian, Xiaoxuan; et al. (2016). "Reanalysis of the phylogenetic relationships of the Pentatomomorpha (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) based on ribosomal, Hox and mitochondrial genes". Entomotaxonomia. 38 (2). doi:10.11680/entomotax.2016021.
David A. Grimaldi & Michael S. Engel (2007). "An unusual, primitive Piesmatidae (Insecta: Heteroptera) in Cretaceous amber from Myanmar (Burma)" (PDF). American Museum Novitates. 3611: 1–17. doi:10.1206/0003-0082(2008)3611[1:AUPPIH]2.0.CO;2.
Cassis, G., & R.T. Schuh (2010) Systematic methods, fossils, and relationships within Heteroptera (Insecta). Cladistics 26:262-280.