Ophioninae

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Cladus: Metapterygota
Infraclassis: Neoptera
Cladus: Eumetabola
Cladus: Endopterygota
Superordo: Hymenopterida
Ordo: Hymenoptera
Subordo: Apocrita
Superfamilia: Ichneumonoidea

Familia: Ichneumonidae
Subfamilia: Ophioninae
Tribus (3): Enicospilini - Ophionini - Thyreodonini
Genera incertae sedis (12)

Agathophiona – Barytatocephalus – Lepiscelus – Ophiogastrella – Orientospilus – Hellwigia – Prethophion – Riekophion – Sicophion – Simophion – Skiapus – Trophophion
References

Cushman, R.A. 1947: A generic revision of the ichneumon-flies of the tribe Ophionini. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 96: 417–482. [1]
Fernandez-Triana, J.L. 2005: The taxonomy and biogeography of Cuban Ophioninae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Zootaxa, 1007: 1–60.
Gauld, I.D. 1977: A revision of the Ophioninae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Australia. Australian journal of zoology, supplementary series, 49: 1–112. [2]
Gauld, I.D. 1979: An analysis of the classification of the Ophion genus-group (Ichneumonidae). Systematic entomology, 5: 59–82.
Gauld, I.D. 1984: The Australian Ophioninae (Insecta: Hymenoptera): a historical biogeographic study. Journal of biogeography, 11: 269–288.
Gauld, I.D. 1985: The phylogeny, classification and evolution of parasitic wasps of the subfamily Ophioninae (Ichneumonidae). Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (entomology), 51: 1–185.
Rousse, P., Quicke, D.L.J., Matthee, C.A., Lefeuvre, P., & van Noort, S. 2016. A molecular and morphological reassessment of the phylogeny of the subfamily Ophioninae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2016, 178, 128–148. With 5 figures. [3]

Ophioninae is a worldwide subfamily of Ichneumonidae with 32 genera, and very rich in tropical regions. They are koinobiont endoparasitoids of larval Lepidoptera, though at least one species parasitizes Scarabaeidae (Coleoptera). They are among the only Parasitica whose ovipositors can be used to sting vertebrates. The pupae are ovoid with a central clear band characteristic for this subfamily. Ophionines are typically fairly large, orange, slender insects with compressed, curved abdomens. They have very large ocelli and are active at night, and may be commonly encountered at lights.
References

Aubert, J.F. 1978. Les Ichneumonides ouest-palearctiques et leurs hotes 2. Banchinae et Suppl. aux Pimplinae. Laboratoire d'Evolution des Etres Organises, Paris & EDIFAT-OPIDA, Echauffour.
Townes, H. & M. Townes. 1978. Ichneumon-flies of America North of Mexico: 7. Subfamily Banchinae, tribes Lissonotini and Banchini. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 26: 1-614.