Nymphalini

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Cladus: Metapterygota
Infraclassis: Neoptera
Cladus: Eumetabola
Cladus: Endopterygota
Superordo: Panorpida
Cladus: Amphiesmenoptera
Ordo: Lepidoptera
Subordo: Glossata
Cladus: Coelolepida
Cladus: Myoglossata
Cladus: Neolepidoptera
Infraordo: Heteroneura
Cladus: Eulepidoptera
Cladus: Ditrysia
Cladus: Apoditrysia
Cladus: Obtectomera
Superfamilia: Papilionoidea

Familia: Nymphalidae
Subfamilia: Nymphalinae
Tribus: Nymphalini
Genera: Aglais – Antanartia – Araschnia – Colobura – Hypanartia – †Jupitella – Kaniska – †Mylothrites – Mynes – Nymphalis – Polygonia – Pycina – Smyrna – Symbrenthia – Tigridia – Vanessa

Name

Nymphalini Rafinesque, 1815
References

Wahlberg, N., Classification of the Nymphalidae. Nymphalidae Systematics Group, Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Sweden.[1] (see discussion)
Wahlberg, N., Brower, A.V.Z. & Nylin, S. 2005. Phylogenetic relationships and historical biogeography of tribes and genera in the subfamily Nymphalinae (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 86(2): 227–251. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2005.00531.x Open access. Reference page.
Wahlberg, N. & Nylin, S. 2003. Morphology versus molecules: resolution of the positions of Nymphalis, Polygonia, and related genera (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Cladistics 19: 213–223. DOI: 10.1016/S0748-3007(03)00027-6 Paywall. Reference page.

Vernacular names
日本語: タテハチョウ族
中文: 蛺蝶族

Nymphalini is a tribe of nymphalid brush-footed butterflies. Common names include admirals, anglewings, commas, and tortoiseshells, but none of these is specific to one particular genus.

The name anglewing butterflies is an English translation of a Latin term papiliones angulati, [Denis & Schiffermüller], ([1775, 1776]). Based on an overall similarity in the angulate wing shape, a collective name: Papiliones angulati was employed for Papilio atalanta, P. antiopa, P. cardui, P. c-album, P. io, P. polychloros, P. urticae, P. xanthomelas, P. vaualbum, P. levana and P. prorsa. The term papiliones angulati is applied as a collective taxon name, which therefore needs no type species as specified in Article 42.3.1 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Papiliones angulati has thus been re-defined to apply only to a clade: Nymphalis sensu lato, and to specifically exclude Papilio atalanta [→ Vanessa], P. cardui [→ Cynthia], P. levana, and P. prorsa [→ Araschnia].

This monophyletic group of nymphaline butterflies inhabiting the Northern Hemisphere are characterized by a jagged outline of their wings and the ability to survive the winter months as adults in an obligatory hibernal diapause, hiding in various shelters (e.g., crevices, hollows, cavities, even unheated buildings). The signature mark of all butterflies is the cryptic colour and maculation (spots) of the ventral (under) side of their wings, serving to conceal the hibernating butterfly against the substrate on which it rests.
Genera

Listed alphabetically:[1][2]

Aglais Dalman, 1816 – tortoiseshells
Antanartia Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 – African red admirals
Araschnia Hübner, 1819
Hypanartia Hübner, 1821 – mapwings
Inachis – European peacock (now in Aglais)
Kaniska Moore, 1899 – blue admiral (often in Polygonia)
Mynes Boisduval, 1832
Nymphalis Kluk, 1781 – anglewings, tortoiseshells
Polygonia Hübner, 1819 – anglewings, commas
Symbrenthia Hübner, 1819 – jesters
Vanessa Fabricius, 1807 – red admirals, Kamehameha butterflies, painted ladies

The monotypic genus Tigridia is sometimes placed here as a very basal offshoot close to Colobura, sometimes in the related tribe Coeini.

Prehistoric genera only known from fossils are:

†Jupitella Carpenter, 1985
†Mylothrites Scudder, 1875

References

Nymphalini, Tree of Life

Tribe Nymphalini at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms

Korshunov, 1995. [Butterflies of the Asian part of Russia. A handbook] Dnevnye babochki Aziatskoi chasti Rossii. Spravochnik.:202 pp. (re: Roddia)
Kudrna, O. & J. Belicek, 2005. The Wiener Verzeichnis, its authorship, publication date and some names proposed for butterflies therein. Oedippus 23: 1-32. (re: Schiffermüller names)
Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Clases, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Symonymis, Locis. Tomis I. 10th Edition Syst. Nat. (Edn 10). (re: N. antiopa, P. c-album, P. c-aureum, I. io, N. polychloros, A. urticae)