Mycalesis

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Cladus: Metapterygota
Infraclassis: Neoptera
Cladus: Eumetabola
Cladus: Endopterygota
Superordo: Panorpida
Cladus: Amphiesmenoptera
Ordo: Lepidoptera
Subordo: Glossata
Cladus: Coelolepida
Cladus: Myoglossata
Cladus: Neolepidoptera
Infraordo: Heteroneura
Cladus: Eulepidoptera
Cladus: Ditrysia
Cladus: Apoditrysia
Cladus: Obtectomera
Superfamilia: Papilionoidea

Familia: Nymphalidae
Subfamilia: Satyrinae
Tribus: Satyrini
Subtribus: Mycalesina
Genus: Mycalesis
Species: M. anapita – M. anaxias – M. aramis – M. biliki – M. bisaya – M. decipiens – M. deianira – M. deianirina – M. dexamenus – M. dinon – M. felderi – M. francisca – M. frederici – M. fuscum – M. giamana – M. georgi – M. gotama – M. horsfieldi – M. ignobilis – M. igoleta – M. imitatrix – M. inayoshi – M. inopia – M. interrupta – M. ita – M. itys – M. janardana – M. kashiwaii – M. madjicosa – M. maianeas – M. manii – M. marginata – M. maura – M. mehadiva – M. messene – M. mineus – M. mnasicles – M. moorei – M. mucia – M. mulleri – M. oroatis – M. pandaea – M. panthaka – M. patiana – M. patnia – M. phidon – M. perseus – M. perseus – M. pitana – M. richardi – M. sara – M. splendens – M. suaveolens – M. tamarau – M. terminus – M. tilmara
Name

Mycalesis Hübner, 1818

Type species: Papilio francisca Stoll, 1780
Synonymy

Calysisme (Satyrinae) Moore, [1880]. Type species: Papilio drusia Cramer, [1775].
Mydosama Moore, 1880: 170. Synonymy in Fruhstorfer, 1908: 171.

References

Aoki, T. & Uémura, Y. 1982. Descriptions of new species and new subspecies of South-east Asian Diurnal Lepidoptera belonging to the Family Satyridae, with some taxonomie notes. Memoirs of the Tsukada Collection 4: 1–64. Reference page.
Eliot, J. N. 1992. With plates by D'Abrera, in Corbet & Pendlebury. The Butterflies of the Malay Peninsula 4th Edn. Malayan Nature Society, Kuala Lumpur. Reference page.
Fruhstorfer, H. 1908. Neue indo-australische Mycalesis und Besprechung verwandter Formen. Verhandlungen der K-K Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien. 58: pp.126-239, Taf.1. Reference page.
Hayashi, H., Iwanaga, S., 1974. A new subspecies Mycalesis mineus Linnaeus from Borneo (Lepidoptera: Satyridae). Tyô to Ga 25(4): 87–88. Abstract and full article. Reference page.
Moore, F., 1880. On the Asiatic Lepdioptera Referred to the Genus: Mycalesis. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1880: 155–177. Reference page.
Smetacek, P., 2012. A new subspecies of Mycalesis suaveolens Wood-Mason & de Nicéville 1883 from the western Himalaya, India (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). Nachrichten des Entomologischen Vereins Apollo N.F. 32(3-4): 105–108. Reference page.
Tennent, W.J. 2000. A new species of Mycalesis Hübner, from the Bismarck Archipelago, Papua New Guinea (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). Nachrichten Entomologischen Vereins Apollo NF 20: 333–336. web Reference page.
Tennent, W.J., 2001. A review of the genus Mycalesis in the Solomons Archipelago, with descriptions of seven new taxa (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). Tropical Lepidoptera 12(Suppl. 1): 13–24. Reference page.
Tennent, W.J. 2014. Two new subspecies of Mycalesis terminus (Fabricius, 1775), from the islands of Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea (Lepidoptera, Satyrinae). Tropical Lepidoptera Research 24(2): 62–66. Reference page.
Tennent, W.J. & Treadaway, C.G. 2014. A new subspecies of Mycalesis aramis Hewitson, 1866, from the Philippine island of Mindoro (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). Nachrichten des entomologischen Vereins Apollo N.F. 35 (3): 139–140. web Reference page.
Vane-Wright, R.I. & Fermon, H. 2003. Taxonomy and identification of Lohora Moore (Lepidoptera : Satyrinae), the Sulawesi bush browns. Invertebrate Systematics 17(1): 129-141. DOI: 10.1071/IS02020. Reference page.

Vernacular names
English: bushbrowns
日本語: コジャノメ属
中文: 眉眼蝶屬

Mycalesis, the bushbrowns, are a genus of brush-footed butterflies. They are common in the warm regions from Central Asia to Australia, and have a high diversity in South Asia and the Wallacea.

They are notably polymorphic, with wet- and dry-season forms differing in many species, especially as regards size and number of underwing eyespots.

Mycalesis superficially resemble the species Orsotriaena medus, but can readily be identified by the number of spots.[1]
Species
Dingy bushbrown (Mycalesis perseus), dry-season form

Listed alphabetically:[2]

Mycalesis adamsoni Watson, 1897 – Watson's bushbrown
Mycalesis adolphei (Guérin-Ménéville, 1843) – redeye bushbrown
Mycalesis aethiops Butler, 1868
Mycalesis amoena Druce, 1873
Mycalesis anaxioides Marshall & de Nicéville, 1883
Mycalesis annamitica Fruhstorfer, 1906 – Annam bushbrown, tawny bush-brown[3]
Mycalesis anapita Moore, [1858]
Mycalesis anaxias Hewitson, 1862 – white-bar bushbrown
Mycalesis arabella Fruhstorfer, 1906
Mycalesis aramis Hewitson, 1866
Mycalesis asophis Hewitson, 1862
Mycalesis atrata Röber, 1887
Mycalesis barbara Grose-Smith, 1894
Mycalesis bazochii (Guérin-Méneville, 1831)
Mycalesis biformis Rothschild, 1916
Mycalesis bilineata Fruhstorfer, 1906
Mycalesis bisaya C. & R. Felder, 1863
Mycalesis cacodaemon Kirsch, 1877
Mycalesis comes Grose-Smith, 1894
Mycalesis deficiens Fruhstorfer, 1906
Mycalesis discobolus Fruhstorfer, 1906
Mycalesis dohertyi Elwes, 1891
Mycalesis drusillodes (Oberthür, 1894)
Mycalesis duponcheli (Guérin-Méneville, 1830)
Mycalesis durga Grose-Smith & Kirby, 1896
Mycalesis elia Grose-Smith, 1894
Mycalesis evansii Tytler, 1914 – Tytler's bushbrown
Mycalesis evara Fruhstorfer, 1906
Mycalesis felderi Butler, 1868
Mycalesis francisca (Stoll, [1780]) – lilacine bushbrown
Mycalesis francisca formosana Fruhstorfer, 1908
Mycalesis fuscum (C. & R. Felder, 1860) – Malayan bush-brown[4]
Mycalesis giamana Parsons, 1986
Mycalesis gotama Moore, 1857 – Chinese bushbrown
Mycalesis gotama nanda Fruhstorfer, 1908
Mycalesis heri Moore, 1857 – Moore's bushbrown
Mycalesis horsfieldi (Moore, [1892])Malaysia, Java, Celebes. See [maps] – Horsfield's bush brown
Mycalesis igilia Fruhstorfer, 1911 – small long-brand bushbrown
Mycalesis igoleta C. & R. Felder, 1863
Mycalesis inayoshii Aoki & Yamaguchi, 1995
Mycalesis inopia Fruhstorfer, 1908
Mycalesis intermedia (Moore, [1892]) – intermediate bushbrown
Mycalesis ita C. & R. Felder, 1863
Mycalesis itys C. & R. Felder, [1867] – Itys bush brown
Mycalesis janardana Moore, 1857 – Common Bush Brown, Janardana Bush Brown, Mottled Bush-Brown[5]
Mycalesis khasia Evans, 1920 – palebrand bushbrown
Mycalesis lepcha (Moore, 1880) – Lepcha bushbrown
Mycalesis madjicosa Butler, 1868
Mycalesis maianeas Hewitson, 1864
Mycalesis malsarida Butler, 1868 – plain bushbrown
Mycalesis malsara Moore, 1857 – white-line bushbrown
Mycalesis mamerta (Stoll, [1780]) – blind-eye bushbrown
Mycalesis mamerata davisoni – Palni bushbrown
Mycalesis manii Doherty, 1886
Mycalesis maura Grose-Smith, 1894
Mycalesis mnasicles Hewitson, 1864
Mycalesis meeki Rothschild, 1915
Mycalesis mehadeva (Boisduval, 1832)
Mycalesis mercea Evans (nomen nudum?) – Pachmarhi bushbrown
Mycalesis messene Hewitson, 1862
Mycalesis mestra Hewitson, 1862 – white-edged bushbrown
Mycalesis mineus (Linnaeus, 1758) – dark-branded bushbrown[6]
Mycalesis misenus de Nicéville, 1889 – salmon-branded bushbrown
Mycalesis mnasicles Hewitson, 1864
Mycalesis moorei C. & R. Felder, [1867]
Mycalesis mucia Hewitson, 1862
Mycalesis mulleri Tennent, 2000
Mycalesis mynois Hewitson, 1864
Mycalesis mystes de Nicéville, 1891 - many-tufted bushbrown
Mycalesis nala C. & R. Felder, 1859
Mycalesis nerida Grose-Smith, 1902
Mycalesis nicotia Westwood, [1850] – bright-eye bushbrown
Mycalesis oculus Marshall, 1880 – red-disc bushbrown
Mycalesis oroatis Hewitson, 1864
Mycalesis orseis Hewitson, 1864 – purple bushbrown
Mycalesis panthaka Fruhstorfer, 1909
Mycalesis patiana Eliot, 1969
Mycalesis pitana Staudinger, [1897]
Mycalesis patnia Moore, 1857 – glad-eye bushbrown
Mycalesis perseoides (Moore, [1892]) – Pachmarhi bushbrown
Mycalesis perseus (Fabricius, 1775) – dingy bushbrown or common bushbrown
Mycalesis perseus blasius (Fabricius, 1798)
Mycalesis pitana Staudinger, [1897]
Mycalesis phidon Hewitson, 1862
Mycalesis radza Moore, 1878
Mycalesis rama (Moore, 1892) – Cingalese bushbrown
Mycalesis sangaica Butler, 1877 – single ring bushbrown
Mycalesis sangaica mara Fruhstorfer, 1908
Mycalesis shiva (Boisduval, 1832)
Mycalesis siamica Riley & Godfrey, 1921
Mycalesis sirius (Fabricius, 1775)
Mycalesis splendens Mathew, 1887
Mycalesis suaveolens Wood-Mason & de Nicéville, 1883 – Wood-Mason's bushbrown
Mycalesis suaveolens kagina Fruhstorfer, 1908
Mycalesis subpersa Rothschild, 1915
Mycalesis sudra C. & R. Felder, [1867]
Mycalesis tagala C. & R. Felder, 1863
Mycalesis terminus (Fabricius, 1775) – orange bushbrown
Mycalesis thailandica Aoki & Yamaguchi, 1984
Mycalesis thyateira (Fruhstorfer, 1911)
Mycalesis treadawayi Schröder, 1976
Mycalesis unica Leech, [1892]
Mycalesis valeria Grose-Smith, 1900
Mycalesis valeriana Grose-Smith, 1900
Mycalesis visala Moore, [1858] – long-brand bushbrown
Mycalesis visala subdita – Tamil bushbrown
Mycalesis wayewa Doherty, 1891
Mycalesis zonata Matsumura, 1909 – South China bushbrown