Satyrinae

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Cladus: Metapterygota
Infraclassis: Neoptera
Cladus: Eumetabola
Cladus: Endopterygota
Superordo: Panorpida
Cladus: Amphiesmenoptera
Ordo: Lepidoptera
Subordo: Glossata
Cladus: Coelolepida
Cladus: Myoglossata
Cladus: Neolepidoptera
Infraordo: Heteroneura
Cladus: Eulepidoptera
Cladus: Ditrysia
Cladus: Apoditrysia
Cladus: Obtectomera
Superfamilia: Papilionoidea

Familia: Nymphalidae
Subfamilia: Satyrinae
Tribus: Dirini - Elymniini - Eritini - Haeterini - Melanitini - Ragadiini - Satyrini- Zetherini

Name

Satyrinae Boisduval, 1833
References

Forster, W., 1964: Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Insektenfauna Boliviens XIX. Veröffentlichungen der Zoologischen Staatssammlung München, 008: 51- 188. Full article: [1].
Mendes, L.F. & A. Bivar de Sousa 2009: A new South-Eastern Angolan Satyrine butterfly belonging to a new genus (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Entomologia Africana 14 (2): 5–9.
Miller, L.D. 1968. The higher classification, phylogeny and zoogeography of the Satyridae (Lepidoptera). Memoirs of the American Entomological Society 24. 174 pp. BHL Reference page.
Nakahari, S., Janzen, D.H., Hallwachs, W. & Espeland, M. 2015. Description of a new genus for Euptychia hilara (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). Zootaxa 4012(3): 525–541. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4012.3.7. Preview (PDF) Reference page.
Peña, C., Nylin, S. & Wahlberg, N. 2011. The radiation of Satyrini butterflies (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae): a challenge for phylogenetic methods. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 161(1): 64–87. DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00627.x Open access. Reference page.
Peña, C., Wahlberg, N., Weingartner, E., Kodandaramaiah, U., Nylin, S., Freitas, A.V.L. & Brower, A.V.Z. 2006. Higher level phylogeny of Satyrinae butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) based on DNA sequence data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 40(1): 29–49. DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2006.02.007 Reference page.
Pyrcz, T.W. 2012: A new species of satyrine butterfly from Patagonia in more than a century and revisional notes on the genus Faunula C. Felder & R. Felder (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). Zootaxa 3342: 60–68. Preview Reference page.
Pyrcz, Tomasz W., 2008: Description of a new pronophiline butterfly from the Venezuelan Cordillera de Mérida previously known as Pedaliodes ferratilis form luteocosta Adams & Bernard with data on its altitudinal distribution (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). Genus 19 (1): 125–134. Full article: [2]
Pyrcz, Tomasz W. , Angel L. Viloria & Pierre Boyer, 2008: Systematics, bionomics and zoogeography of high Andean pedaliodines. Part 5: Revisional notes on Pedaliodes chrysotaenia with the description of a related species (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). Genus 19 (3): 377–387. Full article: [3]
Pyrcz, Tomasz W. , Angel L. Viloria , Pierre Boyer & Gerardo Lamas, 2008: Systematics, bionomics and zoogeography of high Andean pedaliodines. Part 6: Pedaliodes demathani Pyrcz- a widely polytypic species from Peru and Bolivia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). Genus 19 (3): 389–407. Full article: [4]
Pyrcz, Tomasz W. , Angel L. Viloria & Gerardo Lamas, 2008: Systematics, bionomics and zoogeography of high Andean pedaliodines. Part 7: A sister species of Pedaliodes paneis (Hewitson) from Central Peru (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). Genus 19 (3): 409–417. Full article: [5]
Pyrcz, Tomasz W. , Angel L. Viloria , Pierre Boyer & Gerardo Lamas, 2008: Systematics, bionomics and zoogeography of high Andean pedaliodines. Part 8: Pedaliodes niveonota Butler and new related species from CentralPeru (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). Genus 19 (3): 419–431. Full article: [6]
Pyrcz, Tomasz W. , Angel L. Viloria & Pierre Boyer, 2008: Systematics, bionomics and zoogeography of high Andean pedaliodines. Part 9: Notes on Pedaliodes pammenes (Hewitson) and related species with the descriptions of nine new taxa (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). Genus 19 (3): 433–470. Full article: [7]
Pyrcz, Tomasz W. , Angel L. Viloria , Pierre Boyer Gerardo Lamas, 2008: Systematics, bionomics and zoogeography of high Andean pedaliodines. Part 10: Revisional notes on Pedaliodes tyro Thieme with the description of new allied taxa from central and southern Peru (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). Genus 19 (3): 471–495. Full article: [8]
Pyrcz, Tomasz W. & Angel L. Viloria, 2008: Systematics, bionomics and zoogeography of high Andean pedaliodines. Part 11: A new subspecies of Pedaliodes ornata Grose-Smith et Kirby in the Venezuelan Cordillera de Mérida (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). Genus 20 (1): 13–22. Full article: [9]
Pyrcz, Tomasz W. , Angel L. Viloria & Gerardo Lamas M., 2009: Systematics, bionomics and zoogeography of high Andean pedaliodines. Part 12: A new polytypic species and evaluation of the role of the Ucayali - Madre de Dios water divide as a biogeographic barrier (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). Genus 20 (3): 493–505. [10]
Pyrcz, Tomasz W. , Kayce L. Casner & Janusz Wojtusiak, 2009: Polytypic species of pronophiline butterflies in the subpáramo and páramo of the Venezuelan Cordillera de Mérida I: Distribution patterns and affinities of Lymanopoda marianna Staudinger based on morphological and molecular data (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). Genus 20 (3): 507–535. Full article: [11]
Williams, M. C., 2008. Checklist of Afrotropical Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea. 7th Edn. (April 2007).
Willmott, K.R. & P.J.W. Hall, 1995: Two new species of Satyrines from Ecuador (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). Tropical Lepidoptera 6 (2): 103–105. [12].

Vernacular names
беларуская: Аксамітніцы
Deutsch: Augenfalter
English: Satyrinae
suomi: Heinäperhoset
日本語: ジャノメチョウ亜科
中文: 眼蝶亞科

The Satyrinae, the satyrines or satyrids, commonly known as the browns, are a subfamily of the Nymphalidae (brush-footed butterflies). They were formerly considered a distinct family, Satyridae. This group contains nearly half of the known diversity of brush-footed butterflies. The true number of the Satyrinae species is estimated to exceed 2,400.[2]

Overview

They are generally weak fliers and often shun bright sunlight, preferring moist and semishaded habitats. The caterpillars feed chiefly on monocotyledonous plants such as palms, grasses, and bamboos. The Morphinae are sometimes united with this group.

The taxonomy and systematics of the subfamily are under heavy revision. Much of the early pioneering work of L. D. Miller[3] has helped significantly by creating some sort of order. Dyndirus (Capronnier, 1874) is a satyrid incertae sedis. Other than this genus, according to the latest studies on the classification of Nymphalidae,[4] all satyrines have been assigned to one of the tribes, at least preliminarily.[5] For detailed lists, see the tribe pages.
References

"Satyrinae". tolweb.org.
The Lepidoptera Taxome Project (TLTP) (2007): Taxonomy of butterflies: the scale of the problem. Retrieved 2007-SEP-07.)
Miller, L.D. (1968): The higher classification, phylogeny and zoogeography of the Satyridae (Lepidoptera). Mem. Am. Entomol. Soc. 24: [vi] + iv + 1-174.)
The Lepidoptera Taxome Project (TLTP) (2007): Taxonomy of butterflies: the scale of the problem. Retrieved 2007-SEP-07.

Savela, Markku (2007): Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and some other life forms: Satyrinae. Version of 2007-MAY-12. Retrieved 2007-MAY-31.)