Hypolimnas

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Cladus: Metapterygota
Infraclassis: Neoptera
Cladus: Eumetabola
Cladus: Endopterygota
Superordo: Panorpida
Cladus: Amphiesmenoptera
Ordo: Lepidoptera
Subordo: Glossata
Cladus: Coelolepida
Cladus: Myoglossata
Cladus: Neolepidoptera
Infraordo: Heteroneura
Cladus: Eulepidoptera
Cladus: Ditrysia
Cladus: Apoditrysia
Cladus: Obtectomera
Superfamilia: Papilionoidea

Familia: Nymphalidae
Subfamilia: Nymphalinae
Tribus: Junoniini
Genus: Hypolimnas
Species: H. alimena – H. anomala – H. antevorta – H. anthedon – H. antilope – H. aubergeri – H. bartteloti – H. bolina – H. chapmani – H. deceptor – H. deois – H. dexithea – H. dinarcha – H. diomea – H. dimona – H. euploeoides – H. fraternal – H. macarthuri – H. mechowi – H. misippus – H. monteironis – H. octocula – H. pandarus – H. pithoeka – H. salmacis – H. saundersii – H. usambara
Name

Hypolimnas Hübner, [1819]

Type species: Papilio pipleis Linnaeus, 1758
Synonyms

Esoptria Hübner, [1819]
Diadema Boisduval, [1832] (preocc. Diadema Gray, 1825)
Euralia Westwood, [1850]
Eucalia Felder, 1861

References

Collins, S. C., 1987. Three New African Nymphalidae. Lambillionea, 87(7-8): 92–96. Reference page.
Hecq, J. 1987: Une nouvelle espèce d Hypolymnas Hübner (Nymphalidae africain). Lambillionea 87(3-4): 26–29. Reference page.
Tennent, W.J., 2002: A striking new subspecies of Hypolimnas pithoeka Kirsch (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) from the Torres Islands, Northern Vanuatu. Australian Entomologist 29 (3): 107–111.
Tennent, W.J., 2003: Notes on Hypolimnas octocula Butler, and H. pithoeka Kirsch from the New Hebrides archipelago, with description of a new race of H. octocula from southern Vanuatu (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Futao 45: 6–10.

Vernacular names
English: Eggflies or Diadems

Hypolimnas is a genus of tropical brush-footed butterflies commonly known as eggflies or diadems. The genus contains approximately 23 species, most of which are found in Africa, Asia, and Oceania. One species, the Danaid eggfly (H. misippus), is noted for its exceptionally wide distribution across five continents; it is the only Hypolimnas species found in the Americas.

Eggflies are known for their marked sexual dimorphism and Batesian mimicry of poisonous milkweed butterflies (Danainae). For example, the Danaid eggfly mimics Danaus chrysippus while the great eggfly (H. bolina) mimics the Australian crow (Euploea core). In each case, the eggfly mimics the danainid's markings, thus adopting the latter's distasteful reputation to predators without being poisonous itself.
Species

Listed alphabetically:[1]

Hypolimnas alimena (Linnaeus, 1758) – blue-banded eggfly
Hypolimnas anomala (Wallace, 1869) – Malayan eggfly
Hypolimnas antevorta (Distant, 1880)
Hypolimnas anthedon (Doubleday, 1845) – variable eggfly or variable diadem
Hypolimnas antilope (Cramer, [1777]) – spotted crow eggfly
Hypolimnas aubergeri Hecq, 1987 – Côte d'Ivoire eggfly
Hypolimnas aurifascia Mengel, 1903
Hypolimnas bartelotti Grose-Smith, 1890
Hypolimnas bolina (Linnaeus, 1758) – common eggfly or great eggfly
Hypolimnas chapmani (Hewitson, 1873) – Chapman's eggfly
Hypolimnas deceptor (Trimen, 1873) – deceptive eggfly
Hypolimnas deois Hewitson, 1858
Hypolimnas dexithea (Hewitson, 1863) – Madagascar diadem
Hypolimnas dinarcha (Hewitson, 1865) – large variable diadem or large variable eggfly
Hypolimnas diomea Hewitson, 1861
Hypolimnas dimona Fruhstorfer, 1912
Hypolimnas euploeoides Rothschild, 1915
Hypolimnas fraterna Wallace, 1869
Hypolimnas inopinata Waterhouse, 1920
Hypolimnas macarthuri Neidhoefer, 1972
Hypolimnas mechowi (Dewitz, 1884)
Hypolimnas misippus (Linnaeus, 1764) – mimic, Danaid eggfly, or diadem
Hypolimnas monteironis (Druce, 1874) – black-tipped diadem or scarce blue diadem
Hypolimnas octocula Butler, 1869 – eight-spot diadem
Hypolimnas pandarus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Hypolimnas pithoeca Kirsch, 1877
Hypolimnas salmacis (Druce, 1773) – blue diadem
Hypolimnas saundersii (Hewitson, 1869)
Hypolimnas usambara (Ward, 1872) – red spot diadem or Usambara diadem

References

[https://web.archive.org/ Archived 2018-04-29 at the Wayback Machine "Hypolimnas Hübner, [1819]"] at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms

Lewis, H. L. (1974). Butterflies of the World. ISBN 0-245-52097-X
Miller, L. D., and Miller, J. Y. (2004). The Butterfly Handbook, pp. 134–135. Barron's Educational Series, Inc.; Hauppauge, New York. ISBN 0-7641-5714-0
Wynter-Blyth, M. A. (1957). Butterflies of the Indian Region. (1982 Reprint)
Seitz, A. Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde 13: Die Afrikanischen Tagfalter. Plate XIII 42 et seq.