Epargyreus

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Cladus: Metapterygota
Infraclassis: Neoptera
Cladus: Eumetabola
Cladus: Endopterygota
Superordo: Panorpida
Cladus: Amphiesmenoptera
Ordo: Lepidoptera
Subordo: Glossata
Cladus: Coelolepida
Cladus: Myoglossata
Cladus: Neolepidoptera
Infraordo: Heteroneura
Cladus: Eulepidoptera
Cladus: Ditrysia
Cladus: Apoditrysia
Cladus: Obtectomera
Superfamilia: Papilionoidea

Familia: Hesperiidae
Subfamilia: Eudaminae
Tribus: Eudamini
Subtribus: Eudamina
Genus: Epargyreus
Species (22): E. antaeus – E. aspina – E. barisses – E. brodkorbi – E. clarus – E. clavicornis – E. cruza – E. deleoni – E. dicta – E. enispe – E. exadeus – E. nutra – E. orizaba – E. pseudexadeus – E. socus – E. spanna – E. spina – E. spinosa – E. spinta – E. tmolis – E. windi – E. zestos
Name

Epargyreus Hübner, [1819]: 105.

Type species: by Scudder, 1872 as Papilio tityrus Fabricius, 1775 (invalid, subjective synonym of Papilio clarus Cramer, [1775]), by subsequent designation by Scudder, 1872: 70.
Synonyms

Eridamus Burmeister, 1875: 51. Type species: Eridamus (Goniuris) tmolis Burmeister, 1875, by subsequent designation by Evans, 1952.

Mis-spellings

Epargyres Hübner, [1825]; Epagirius, Epargyrius Unzicker, 1911; Espargyreus Hoffman, 1930; Eparggyreus Hayward, 1933; Epargeus Tinkham, 1944; Eaprygeus, Epaegyreus, Okans, 1982. All 'per' Lamas, 2004ː 35.
References

Burmeister, H.C.C. 1875. Recherches sur les chenilles des lépidoptères de la tribu des hespérides. Revue et magasin de zoologie pure et appliquée (3)3(1): 50–64. BHL. Reference page.
Evans, W.H. 1951–55. A Catalogue of the American Hesperiidae in the British Museum. Pt.1 (1951): x+92pp, pls. 1–9; Pt.2 (1952): v.+178pp, pls. 10–25; Pt.3 (1953): v+246pp, pls. 26–53; Pt.4 (1955): v+499pp, pls. 54–88. Reference page.
Freeman, H.A. 1969. Records, new species, and a new genus of Hesperiidae from Mexico. Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 23(suppl. 2): 1–64. Reference page.
Hübner, J. 1819. Verzeichniß bekannter Schmettlinge 2–11: 17–176. BHL Reference page.
Lamas, G. 2004. (ed.) Checklist: Part 4A. Hesperioidea - Papilionoidea. In Heppner, J.B. (ed.) Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Vol.5A, Pt.4A. Assn. for Tropical Lepidoptera/Scientific Publishers, Gainesville. 439pp. Reference page.
Li, W., Cong. Q., Shen, J.H., Zhang, J., Hallwachs, W., Janzen, D.H. & Grishin, N.V. 2019. Genomes of skipper butterflies reveal extensive convergence of wing patterns. PNAS 116(13): 6232–6237. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1821304116. Text. SI Appendix. Reference page.
Scudder, S.H., [1872]. A Systematic revision of Some of the American Butterflies With Brief Notes on Those Known to Occur in Essex County, Mass. Annual report of the trustees of the Peabody Academy of Natural Sciences 4: 24–83. Reference page.

Epargyreus is the genus of flasher butterflies, which belong to the Eudaminae skipper subfamily. The members (species) occur in the Nearctic and Neotropical realms.

The genus name is derived from Greek argyros "silver", referring to the white spot on the ventral hindwing.[1]

The species in this genus are:

Epargyreus antaeus (Hewitson, 1867) Jamaica
Epargyreus aspina Evans, 1952 Mexico, Colombia
Epargyreus barisses (Hewitson, 1874) Brazil
E. barisses barisses Bolivia, Peru
E. barisses argentina Mabille, 1903 Argentina
Epargyreus brodkorbi Freeman, 1969 Mexico
Epargyreus clarus (Cramer, [1775]) – silver-spotted skipper – Canada to South America
E. clarus clarus south Canada, U.S., Mexico
E. clarus huachuca Dixon, 1955 Mexico, Arizona
E. clarus californicus MacNeill, 1975 British Columbia to California, Mexico
Epargyreus clavicornis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869)
E. clavicornis clavicornis Central America
E. clavicornis gaumeri Godman & Salvin, 1893 Honduras
E. clavicornis tenda Evans, 1955 Mexico, Colombia
Epargyreus deleoni Freeman, 1977 Mexico
Epargyreus enispe (Hewitson, 1867) Colombia, Brazil
E. enispe enispe Brazil
E. enispe elta Evans, 1952 Bolivia
Epargyreus exadeus (Cramer, [1780]) – broken silverdrop – Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Colombia, Brazil, Argentina, Trinidad
E. exadeus exadeus Surinam
E. exadeus cruza Evans, 1952 Mexico
Epargyreus nutra Evans, 1952 Colombia
Epargyreus socus (Hübner, [1825])
E. socus socus
E. socus pseudexadeus Westwood, 1852 Brazil (Minas Gerais)
E. socus orizaba Scudder, 1872 Mexico, Guatemala
E. socus chota Evans, 1952 Trinidad
E. socus dicta Evans, 1952 Bolivia
E. socus sinus Evans, 1952 Brazil (Pará)
Epargyreus spanna Evans, 1952 Dominican Republic
Epargyreus spina Evans, 1952
E. spina spina Mexico, Colombia
E. spina verruga Evans, 1952 Peru
Epargyreus spinosa Evans, 1952 Mexico
Epargyreus spinta Evans, 1952 Colombia
Epargyreus tmolis (Burmeister, 1875) Argentina, Paraguay
Epargyreus windi Freeman, 1969 Mexico
Epargyreus zestos (Geyer, 1832) – zestos skipper – Antilles, Florida
E. zestos zestos Florida, Saint Thomas
E. zestos inaguarum Clench & Bjorndal, 1980 Bahamas[2]

References

Jon Shepard; Crispin Guppy (2011). Butterflies of British Columbia. UBC Press. p. 87. ISBN 9780774844376.
Funet