Braconinae

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Cladus: Metapterygota
Infraclassis: Neoptera
Cladus: Eumetabola
Cladus: Endopterygota
Superordo: Hymenopterida
Ordo: Hymenoptera
Subordo: Apocrita
Superfamilia: Ichneumonoidea

Familia: Braconidae
Subfamilia: Braconinae
Tribus: Adeshini - Aphrastobraconini - Argamaniini - Bathyaulacini - Braconini - Coeloidini - Euurobraconini - Glyptomorphini - Gnathobraconini - Physaraiini - Rhammurini - Vaepellini
Overview of genera (190)

Acampyloneurus – Acrocerilia – Adesha – Adeshoides – Admonitosoter – Africadesha – Alienoclypeus – Amyosoma – Ancilibracon – Aneuradesha – Angustibracon – Annectobracon – Aphrastobracon – Apotosoma – Archibracon – Argamania – Arubracon – Aspidobracon – Atanycolus – Avirgulibracon – Bacuma – Baryproctus – Bathyaulax – Bicarinibracon – Bracomorpha – Bracon – Braconella – Calcaribracon – Callibracon – Calobracon – Campyloneurus – Carinibracon – Cassidibracon – Cedilla – Ceratobracon – Cervellus – Cesabracon – Chaoilta – Chartobracon – Chelonogastra – Coeloides – Commatapsis – Compsobracon – Compsobraconoides – Cordibracon – Craspedolcus – Cratobracon – Cratocnema – Crinibracon – Cyanopterus – Cyclaulacidea – Cyclaulax – Deltaphyma – Diamblomera – Digonogastra – Dioxybracon – Doggerella – Dolabraulax – Ectemnoplax – Eobraconus – Esenga – Esengoides – Eucurriea – Eunesaulax – Eutropobracon – Euurobracon – Euurobraconoides – Favibracon – Ficobracon – Floralibracon – Fraterarchibracon – Furcadesha – Fuscala – Gammabracon – Gelasinibracon – Glyptomorpha – Gnathobracon – Gozmanycomp – Gracilibracon – Gronaulax – Habrobracon – Hemibracon – Hemiglyptinus – Hewittella – Hybogaster – Hyboteles – Indabracon – Indadesha – Iphiaulax – Iphibracon – Ischnobracon – Jugubracon – Kimavu – Lapicida – Lasiophorus – Leptobracon – Ligulibracon – Liomorpha – Lyricibracon – Macrobracon – Malagopsis – Megabracon – Megacoeloides – Megalommum – Meganura – Merinotus – Mesobracon – Mesobraconoides – Mollibracon – Monilobracon – Monocoila – Myosoma – Myosomatoides – Nedinoschiza – Neohelcon – Nesaulax – Nundinella – Odesia – Odontoscapus – Pachybracon – Palabracon – Parallobracon – Paranesaulax – Paxillibracon – Pedinopleura – Pheloura – Philomacroploea – Physaraia – Piliferolobus – Platybracon – Plaxopsis – Plesiobracon – Ploceibracon – Presoter – Promiscolus – Pseudoshirakia – Pseudovipio – Psilolobus – Psittacibracon – Pseudodicrogenium – Pycnobracon – Pycnobraconoides – Quickeos – Rhadinobracon – Rhammura – Rhytimorpha – Rugosibracon – Sacirema – Schiztobracon – Sculptolobus – Scutibracon – Serratobracon – Serraulax – Serrundabracon – Shelfordia – Simplicibracon – Simra – Sinobracon – Sobrinarchibracon – Sororarchibracon – Soter – Spathulibracon – Spermatobracon – Spinadesha – Stenobracon – Stephanobracon – Stigmatobracon – Stirobracon – Sylvibracon – Syntomernus – Testudobracon – Triaspidogastra – Trigastrotheca – Trispinaria – Tropobracon – Trullabracon – Tsavobracon – Undabracon – Vaepellis – Victoroviella – Vipiellus – Vipio – Vipiomorpha – Virgulibracon – Virgulibraconoides – Vomeribracon – Zaglyptogastra – Zakaella – Zanzopsis – Zeuzerilia
Name

Braconinae Nees, 1811

Synonyms

Aphrastobraconinae Ashmead, 1900
Gnathobraconinae Szepligeti, 1904
Vipioninae Gahan, 1917
Microbraconinae Bridwell, 1920
Pseudodicrogeniinae Fahringer, 1936
Vaepellinae Quicke, 1987

References

Achterberg, C. van, 1983: Three new Palaearctic genera of Braconinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Insect Systematics & Evolution 14 (1): 69–76. Abstract: DOI: 10.1163/187631283X00443
Achterberg, C., van; Hosaka, T.; Ng, Y.F.; Ghani, I.B.A. 2009: The braconid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) associated with seeds of Dipterocarpaceae in Malaysia. Journal of natural history, 43: 635–686. DOI: 10.1080/00222930802610501
Achterberg, C., van; Mehrnejad, M.R. 2011: A new species of Megalommum Szépligeti (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Braconinae); a parasitoid of the pistachio longhorn beetle (Calchaenesthes pistacivora Holzschuh; Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) in Iran. ZooKeys, 112: 21–38. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.112.1735
Achterberg, C., van; Quicke, D.L.J. 1991: A new genus of Braconinae with depressed ovipositor-tip from the Oriental region (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Zoologische mededelingen, 65: 199–202. ISSN: 0024-0672
Belshaw, R.; Lopez-Vaamonde, C.; Degerli, N.; Quicke, D.L.J. 2001: Paraphyletic taxa and taxonomic chaining: evaluating the classification of braconine wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) using 28S D2-3 rDNA sequences and morphological characters. Biological journal of the Linnean Society, 73: 411–424. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2001.tb01370.x
Beyarslan, A. 2014: Checklist of Braconinae species of Turkey (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Zootaxa 3790(2): 201–242. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3790.2.1 Reference page.
Koçak, A.Ö.; Kemal, M. 2009: On the nomenclature of a pre-occupied generic name in the family Braconidae from Zaire (Hymenoptera). Centre for Entomological Studies Ankara miscellaneous papers, 150: 2. ISSN: 1015-8235 Internet Archive
Li, Y., van Achterberg, C. & Chen, X-X. 2021. A new genus and eight newly recorded genera of Braconinae Nees (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) from China, with descriptions of fourteen new species. Zookeys 1038: 105–178. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1038.55258 Open access Reference page.
Mahmood, K.; Papp, J.; Quicke, D.L.J. 2010: Two new Afrotropical genera and species of braconine wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) with descriptions of new species. Zootaxa, 2476: 14–22. Preview
Papp, J. 2007: A new genus and two new species of Braconidae (Hymenoptera) dedicated to László Gozmány. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 53: 295–305. PDF
Quicke, D.L.J. 1987: The Old World genera of braconine wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Journal of natural history, 21: 43–157. DOI: 10.1080/00222938700770031
Quicke, D.L.J. 1988: A new genus and species of Braconinae from Australia (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Braconidae). Zoologica scripta, 17: 285–287. DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-6409.1988.tb00102.x
Quicke, D.L.J. 1990: Tergal and inter–tergal metasomal glands of male braconine wasps (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Braconidae). Zoologica scripta, 19: 413–423. DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-6409.1990.tb00268.x
Quicke, D.L.J.; Ingram, S.N. 1993: Braconine wasps of Australia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 33: 299–336. ISSN: 0079-8835
Sarhan, A.A.; Quicke, D.L.J. 1990: Mesobraconoides psolopterus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a larval parasitoid of the white rice borer, Maliarpha separatella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), in West Africa. Bulletin of entomological research, 80: 217–222. DOI: 10.1017/S0007485300013456

The Braconinae are a large subfamily of braconid parasitoid wasps with more than 2,000 described species.[2] Many species, including Bracon brevicornis, have been used in biocontrol programs.

Description and distribution

Braconines are small to medium sized wasps. Many are dark in color, but they can be red, orange, or pale. They have cyclostome mouthparts and females usually have a long ovipositor.

They are found worldwide, but are most diverse in the Paleotropical region.
Biology

Braconines are idiobiont ectoparasitoids of concealed larvae. The hosts of most species are Lepidoptera or Coleoptera, with a few attacking Diptera or Symphyta. Usually, they paralyze the host with venom before laying one or more (depending on the species) large eggs on the host's exterior.[2]
Tribes

Adeshini
Aphrastobraconini
Argamaniini
Bathyaulacini
Braconini
Coeloidini
Euurobraconini
Glyptomorphini
Gnathobraconini
Physaraiini
Rhammurini
Vaepellini

References

Ichneumonoids Adsciti. CGD Nees von Esenbeck Genera et Familias Divisi, Magazin Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 5, 3-37, 1811.
Wharton, Robert A.; Marsh, Paul M.; Sharkey, Michael J. (1997). Manual of the New World Genera of the Family Braconidae (Hymenoptera) (PDF). Washington DC: The International Society of Hymenopterists.