Hisponinae

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Classis: Arachnida
Ordo: Araneae
Subordo: Opisthothelae
Infraordo: Araneomorphae
Taxon: Neocribellatae
Series: Entelegynae
Sectio: Dionycha
Superfamilia: Salticoidea

Familia: Salticidae
Subfamilia: Hisponinae
Genera: Bavia – Diplocanthopoda – Hispo – Jerzego – Massagris – Orvilleus – Piranthus – Rogmocrypta – Stagetillus – Stenodeza – Tomobella – Tomocyrba – Tomomingi – †Almolinus – †Gorgopsina – †Prolinus
Name

Hisponinae Simon, 1901
References
Additional references

Maddison, W.P. 2015. A phylogenetic classification of jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae). Journal of Arachnology 43(3):231–292. DOI: 10.1636/arac-43-03-231-292. full article (PDF). Reference page.
Maddison, W. P. & K. M. Needham. 2006. Lapsiines and hisponines as phylogenetically basal salticid spiders (Araneae: Salticidae). Zootaxa 1255: 37–55.
Sanap, R.V., Caleb, J.T.D. & Joglekar, A. 2019. A new species of the hisponine jumping spiders from India (Araneae: Salticidae), with some observations on its life history. Arthropoda Selecta 28(1): 113–124. DOI: 10.15298/arthsel.28.1.09. Open access. Reference page.

Hisponinae is a subfamily of jumping spiders (family Salticidae). The subfamily has six known extant genera and three extinct genera.[1]
Description

Members of the subfamily Hisponinae have a distinctive constriction or furrow in the carapace just behind the small eyes. They share some features with those of the much larger subfamily Salticinae, such as reduction of the size of the posterior median eyes, and the loss of the conductor of the palpal bulb. Hisponine females have a very much reduced tarsal claw on the pedipalp (salticines have lost this claw altogether).[1]
Taxonomy

The group was first described by Eugène Simon in 1901 as "Hisponeae".[2] It has subsequently been treated as the subfamily Hisponinae, often using the informal name "hisponines".[3][1]
Phylogeny

The relationships among the basal salticids are not yet fully resolved; summary cladograms published in both 2014 and 2015 show unresolved branching for five basal subfamilies. However, Hisponinae is resolved as sister to Salticinae, the most derived subfamily.[4][1]

Salticidae	Onomastinae Asemoneinae Lyssomaninae Spartaeinae Eupoinae Hisponinae Salticinae Amycoida Salticoida

Genera

As of August 2020, the subfamily included six extant genera:[1]

Hispo Simon, 1886
Jerzego Maddison, 2014
Massagris Simon, 1900
Tomobella Szűts & Scharff, 2009
Tomocyrba Simon, 1900
Tomomingi Szűts & Scharff, 2009

Some genera have been described by Alexander Petrunkevitch from Baltic amber:[1][5]

†Almolinus Petrunkevitch, 1958
†Gorgopsina Petrunkevitch, 1955
†Prolinus Petrunkevitch, 1958

References

Maddison, Wayne P. (2015), "A phylogenetic classification of jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae)", Journal of Arachnology, 43 (3): 231–292, doi:10.1636/arac-43-03-231-292, S2CID 85680279
Simon, E. (1901), "13. Hisponeae", Histoire naturelle des araignées, vol. 2 (in French and Latin), Paris: Roret, retrieved 2020-08-17
Maddison, Wayne P. & Needham, Karen M. (2006), "Lapsiines and hisponines as phylogenetically basal salticid spiders (Araneae: Salticidae)", Zootaxa, 1255: 37–55, retrieved 2020-08-19
Maddison, W.P.; Li, D.Q.; Bodner, M.; Zhang, J.X.; Xu, X.; Liu, Q.Q. & Liu, F.X. (2014), "The deep phylogeny of jumping spiders (Araneae, Salticidae)", ZooKeys (440): 57–87, doi:10.3897/zookeys.440.7891, PMC 4195940, PMID 25317062
Dunlop, J.A.; Penney, D. & Jekel, D. (2020), "A summary list of fossil spiders and their relatives, version 20.5" (PDF), World Spider Catalog, Natural History Museum Bern, retrieved 2020-08-19