Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Classis: Arachnida
Ordo: Araneae
Subordo: Opisthothelae
Infraordo: Araneomorphae
Taxon: Neocribellatae
Series: Entelegynae
Superfamilia: Lycosoidea
Familia: Ctenidae
Subfamiliae: Acantheinae - Acanthocteninae - Calocteninae - Cteninae - Viridasiinae -
Overview of genera
Acantheis – Acanthoctenus – Africactenus – Afroneutria – Amauropelma – Anahita – Ancylometes – Apolania – Asthenoctenus – Bengalla – Califorctenus – Caloctenus – Celaetycheus – Centroctenus – Chococtenus – Ctenus – Cupiennius – Diallomus – Enoploctenus – Gephyroctenus – Incasoctenus – Isoctenus – Itatiaya – Janusia – Leptoctenus – Mahafalytenus – Montescueia – Nothroctenus – Ohvida – Parabatinga – Paravulsor – Petaloctenus – Phoneutria – Phymatoctenus – Pseudoctenus – Sinoctenus – Thoriosa – Toca – Trogloctenus – Trujillina – Tuticanus – Viracucha – Viridasius – Vulsor – Wiedenmeyeria
Name
Ctenidae Keyserling, 1877
Synonyms
Acanthoctenidae Simon, 1892
References
Template:Keyserling, 1877
Dupérré, N. 2015. Description of a new genus and thirteen new species of Ctenidae (Araneae, Ctenidae) from the Chocó region of Ecuador. Zootaxa 4028(4): 451–484. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.4.1. Preview (PDF). Reference page.
Hazzi, N.A. et al. 2013: New records and geographical distribution of ctenid spiders (Araneae: Ctenidae) in Colombia. Zootaxa 3709(3): 243–254. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3709.3.3 Reference page.
Jäger, P. & Minn, M.Z. 2015. New species in the family Ctenidae Keyserling, 1877 from high altitude habitats in Myanmar, with the first case of penetration of the female’s cuticle by a male in the RTA-clade (Arachnida: Araneae: Ctenidae). Zootaxa 3994(2): 235–252. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3994.2.4. Preview (PDF) Reference page.
Jiménez, M.L., Berrian, J.E., Polotow, D. & Palacios-Cardiel, C. 2017. Description of Califorctenus (Cteninae, Ctenidae, Araneae), a new spider genus from Mexico. Zootaxa 4238(1): 97–108. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4238.1.7. Reference page.
Keyserling, E. 1877. Ueber amerikanische Spinnenarten der Unterordnung Citigradae. Verhandlungen der kaiserlich-königlichen zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 26: 609–708. [681]
Lehtinen, P. T. 1967. Classification of the cribellate spiders and some allied families, with notes on the evolution of the suborder Araneomorpha. Annales Zoologici Fennici 4: 199–468.
Polotow, D. & Jocqué, R. 2016. Description of a new species of the Afrotropical spider genus Afroneutria (Araneae, Ctenidae). Zootaxa 4205(4): 395–400. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4205.4.8. Reference page.
Sankaran, P.M. & Sebastian, P.A. 2018. First record of Africactenus Hyatt, 1954 and redescriptions of two poorly known species of Ctenus Walckenaer, 1805 (Araneae, Ctenidae, Cteninae) from India. Zootaxa 4388(3): 393–405. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4388.3.5 Reference page.
Silva D., D. 2003: Higher-level relationships of the spider family Ctenidae (Araneae: Ctenoidea). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 274: 1–86. Abstract & PDF
Polotow, D.; Brescovit, A.D. 2012: An update on tropical Ctenidae from Jamaica (Arachnida: Araneae). Zootaxa 3481: 39–46. Preview Reference page.
Raven, R.J.; Stumkat, K. 2003: Problem solving in the spider families Miturgidae, Ctenidae and Psechridae (Araneae) in Australia and New Zealand. Journal of arachnology, 31: 105–121. DOI: 10.1636/0161-8202(2003)031[0105:PSITSF]2.0.CO;2 PDF
Links
The World Spider Catalog, Version 15.5
Ctenidae – Taxon details on Atlas of Living Australia (ALA).
Australian Faunal Directory (AFD)
Vernacular names
English: Wandering spider
日本語: シボグモ科
한국어: 너구리거미과
中文: 栉蛛科
Wandering spiders (Ctenidae) are a family of spiders that includes the Brazilian wandering spiders. These spiders have a distinctive longitudinal groove on the top-rear of their oval carapace similar to those of the Amaurobiidae.[1] They are highly defensive[2] and venomous nocturnal hunters. Despite their notoriety for being dangerous, only a few members of Phoneutria have venom known to be hazardous to humans, but the venoms of this family are poorly known,[3] so all larger ctenids should be treated with caution.
Genera
Main article: List of Ctenidae species
As of July 2021, the World Spider Catalog accepts the following genera:[4]
Acantheis Thorell, 1891 — Asia
Acanthoctenus Keyserling, 1877 — South America, Central America, Jamaica, Mexico
Africactenus Hyatt, 1954 — Africa, India
Afroneutria Polotow & Jocqué, 2015 — Africa
Amauropelma Raven, Stumkat & Gray, 2001 — Asia, Australia
Amicactenus Henrard & Jocqué, 2017 — Africa
Anahita Karsch, 1879 — Africa, Asia, United States
Ancylometes Bertkau, 1880 — South America, Honduras
Apolania Simon, 1898 — Seychelles
Arctenus Polotow & Jocqué, 2014 — Kenya
Asthenoctenus Simon, 1897 — South America
Bengalla Gray & Thompson, 2001 — Australia
Bulboctenus Pereira, Labarque & Polotow, 2020 — Brazil
Califorctenus Jiménez, Berrian, Polotow & Palacios-Cardiel, 2017
Caloctenus Keyserling, 1877 — Ethiopia, South America
Celaetycheus Simon, 1897 — Brazil
Centroctenus Mello-Leitão, 1929 — South America
Chococtenus Dupérré, 2015 — Ecuador, Colombia
Ciba Bloom, Binford, Esposito, Alayón, Peterson, Nishida, Loubet-Senear & Agnarsson, 2014 — Cuba, Dominican Republic
Ctenus Walckenaer, 1805 — Africa, South America, Oceania, Central America, Asia, North America, Caribbean
Diallomus Simon, 1897 — Sri Lanka
Enoploctenus Simon, 1897 — South America, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Gephyroctenus Mello-Leitão, 1936 — Brazil, Peru
Isoctenus Bertkau, 1880 — Brazil, Argentina
Janusia Gray, 1973 — Australia
Kiekie Polotow & Brescovit, 2018 — Colombia, Central America, Mexico
Leptoctenus L. Koch, 1878 — Australia, North America, Panama
Macroctenus Henrard & Jocqué, 2017 — Guinea
Mahafalytenus Silva-Dávila, 2007 — Madagascar
Montescueia Carcavallo & Martínez, 1961 — Argentina
Nimbanahita Henrard & Jocqué, 2017 — Guinea
Nothroctenus Badcock, 1932 — Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay
Ohvida Polotow & Brescovit, 2009 — Cuba
Parabatinga Polotow & Brescovit, 2009 — South America
Perictenus Henrard & Jocqué, 2017 — Guinea
Petaloctenus Jocqué & Steyn, 1997 — Africa
Phoneutria Perty, 1833 — South America
Phymatoctenus Simon, 1897 — Brazil, Guyana, Costa Rica
Piloctenus Henrard & Jocqué, 2017 — Guinea, Togo, Ivory Coast
Sinoctenus Marusik, Zhang & Omelko, 2012
Spinoctenus Hazzi, Polotow, Brescovit, González-Obando & Simó, 2018
Thoriosa Simon, 1910 — São Tomé and Príncipe, Sierra Leone, Equatorial Guinea
Toca Polotow & Brescovit, 2009 — Brazil
Trogloctenus Lessert, 1935 — Congo
Trujillina Bryant, 1948 — Caribbean
Tuticanus Simon, 1897 — Ecuador, Peru
Viracucha Lehtinen, 1967 — South America
Wiedenmeyeria Schenkel, 1953 — Venezuela
See also
List of Ctenidae species
References
McGavin, George C. (2002). Insects and Other Terrestrial Arthropods. New York: Dorling Kindersley Ltd. p. 230. ISBN 0-7894-9392-6.
Bücherl, Wolfgang; Buckley, Eleanor E. (2013). Venomous Animals and Their Venoms: Venomous Invertebrates. Elsevier. p. 237. ISBN 978-1-4832-6289-5.
Okamoto; et al. (2009). "Ctenus medius and Phoneutria nigriventer spiders venoms share noxious proinflammatory activities". J. Med. Entomol. 46 (1): 58–66. doi:10.1603/033.046.0108. PMID 19198518. S2CID 33154932.
"Family: Ctenidae Keyserling, 1877". World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. Retrieved 2012-07-08.
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