Clubionidae

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Classis: Arachnida
Ordo: Araneae
Subordo: Opisthothelae
Infraordo: Araneomorphae
Taxon: Neocribellatae
Series: Entelegynae
Sectio: Dionycha

Familia: Clubionidae
Subfamiliae: Clubioninae – Eutichurinae – Systariinae – †Eodotinae
Genera: Anaclubiona – Arabellata – Bucliona – Carteroniella – Chiracanthium – Clubiona – Clubionina – Dorymetaecus – Elaver – Femorbiona – Invexillata – Malamatidia – Matidia – Nusatidia – Porrhoclubiona – Pristidia – Pteroneta – Ramosatidia – Scopalio – Simalio – Sinostidia – Tixcocoba – Xantharia – †Concursator – †Eodoter – †Systariella
Name

Clubionidae Wagner, 1887: 104

Type genus: Clubiona Latreille 1804
References
Primary references

Wagner, W.A. 1887. Copulationsorgane des Männchens als Criterium für die Systematik der Spinnen. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae 22: 3–132. BHL Reference page.

Additional references

Forster, R.R.; Blest, A.D. 1979: The spiders of New Zealand. Part V. Cycloctenidae, Gnaphosidae, Clubionidae, Linyphiidae-Mynogleninae. Otago Museum bulletin, 5.
Paquin, P.; Vink, C.J.; Dupérré, N. 2010: Spiders of New Zealand: annotated family key & species list. Manaaki Whenua Press, Lincoln, New Zealand. ISBN 9780478347050
Versteirt, V.; Baert, L.; Jocque, R. 2010: New genera and species of canopy living Clubionidae (Araneae) from Papua New Guinea. Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, entomologie & biologie 80: 75–107. [not seen]
Wunderlich, J. 2011. Extant and fossil spiders (Araneae). Beiträge zur Araneologie 6: 1–640. Reference page.
Zhang, J-S., Yu, H. & Li, S-Q. 2021. On the clubionid spiders (Araneae, Clubionidae) from Xishuangbanna, China, with descriptions of two new genera and seven new species. Zookeys 1062ː 73–122. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1062.66845 Open access Reference page.

Links

Platnick, N. I. 2009. The World Spider Catalog, version 9.5. American Museum of Natural History. [1]

Vernacular names
English: Sac spiders
日本語: フクログモ科
한국어: 염낭거미과

The sac spiders of the family Clubionidae[1] have a very confusing taxonomic history. Once, this family was a large catch-all taxon for a disparate collection of spiders, similar only in that they had eight eyes arranged in two rows[2] and conical anterior spinnerets that touched, and were wandering predators that built silken retreats, or sacs, usually on plant terminals, between leaves, under bark, or under rocks. These are now recognized to include several families, some of which are more closely related to the three-clawed spiders, like lynx and wolf spiders, than to Clubionidae and related families.[3]
Genera
Main article: List of Clubionidae species

The remnant Clubionidae now consist of a few over 500 species in 18 genera worldwide. However, "sac spider" used on its own should imply a member of the family Clubionidae, but other common names may use the phrase "sac spider" including:

Anyphaenidae (anyphaenid sac spider)
Corinnidae (corinnid sac spider)
Liocranidae (liocranid sac spider)
Miturgidae (long-legged sac spider)
Tengellidae (merged into Zoropsidae)
Zorocratidae (merged into Zoropsidae)

As of January 2023, the World Spider Catalog accepts the following genera:[4]

Arabellata Baert, Versteirt & Jocqué, 2010 — New Guinea
Bucliona Benoit, 1977 — St. Helena, Kenya, Russian Far East, Korea, Japan, China, Taiwan
Clubiona Latreille, 1804 — Africa, North America, Asia, Oceania, South America, Europe, Panama
Clubionina Berland, 1947 — St. Paul Is.
Elaver O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1898 — North America, Caribbean, Central America, South America, Philippines
Femorbiona Yu & Li, 2021 — China, Vietnam
Invexillata Versteirt, Baert & Jocqué, 2010 — New Guinea
Malamatidia Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001 — Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia
Matidia Thorell, 1878 — Asia, Papua New Guinea
Nusatidia Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001 — Asia
Porrhoclubiona Lohmander, 1944 — Asia, Africa, Europe
Pristidia Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001 — Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia
Pteroneta Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001 — Asia, Australia
Ramosatidia Yu & Li, 2021 — China
Scopalio Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001 — Indonesia
Simalio Simon, 1897 — Asia, Trinidad
Sinostidia Yu & Li, 2021 — China
Tixcocoba Gertsch, 1977 — Mexico

Additionally, the World Spider Catalog considers Carteroniella Strand, 1907 to be a nomen dubium.

In North America, the family as it is now recognised consists of only two genera, Clubiona and Elaver (formerly Clubionoides). Clubiona is nearly worldwide in distribution.
See also

List of Clubionidae species

References

"Sac Spiders, HYG-2060A-04". Archived from the original on 2009-03-05. Retrieved 2009-03-05.
"Clubionidae". www.bio.brandeis.edu. Retrieved 29 March 2018.
Tree of Life Web Project. 2006. Clubionidae. Version 25 March 2006 (temporary). http://tolweb.org/Clubionidae/2675/2006.03.25 in The Tree of Life Web Project, http://tolweb.org/
"Family: Clubionidae Wagner, 1887". World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. Retrieved 18 January 2023.