Fine Art

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Cladus: Metapterygota
Infraclassis: Neoptera
Cladus: Eumetabola
Cladi: Endopterygota - Paraneoptera - incertae sedis
[list of cladi after Grimaldi & Engel (2005: 147, table 4.1)]
Overview of orders

Coleoptera - Diptera - Hemiptera - Hymenoptera - Lepidoptera - "Mecoptera" - Megaloptera - Neuroptera - Phthiraptera - "Psocoptera" - Raphidioptera - Siphonaptera - Skleroptera - Strepsiptera - Thysanoptera - Trichoptera - †Glosselytrodea - †Miomoptera
[list of ordines after Grimaldi & Engel (2005: 147, table 4.1)]

References

Grimaldi, D.; Engel, M.S. 2005: Evolution of the insects. Cambridge University Press, New York, USA. limited preview on Google books

Eumetabola is an unranked clade of Neoptera. Two large unities known as the Paurometabola and Eumetabola are probably from the adelphotaxa of the Neoptera after exclusion of the Plecoptera. The monophyly of these unities appears to be weakly justified.[1]

Eumetabola has the highest number of species of any clade. According to recent molecular phylogenetic analyses Eumetabola could have first appeared in Middle Devonian (391 million years ago) to the era of late Pennsylvania (311 million years ago). In addition to this, it would have also appeared in Hemiptera (310 million years ago).
Phylogeny

The phylogeny of Eumetabola is shown in the cladogram according to Kluge 2004, 2010, and 2012:[2][3][4]



Neoptera

Idioprothoraca Embia major hor.png

Rhipineoptera Gryllidae usda.png

Eumetabola
Parametabola

Zoraptera (angel insects) Zorotypus guineensis (white background).jpg

Acercaria
Condylognatha

Thysanoptera (thrips) Thrips (PSF) (white background).png

Hemiptera (bugs) Dorisiana bicolor MHNT, Montsinéry, Guyane dos vol 2.jpg

Panpsocoptera

Psocoptera (bark lice) Psocoptera (white background).jpg

Phthiraptera (lice) Lice Body (cropped).png

Endopterygota
Elytrophora

Coleoptera (beetles) Pseudacrossus przewalskyi (Reitter, 1887).jpg

Strepsiptera (twisted-wing parasites) Elenchus koebelei.jpg

Coleopteroidea
Neuropterida

Neuroptera (net-winged insects) Osmylus (white background).jpg

Raphidioptera (snakeflies) Raphidia icon.png

Megaloptera (alderflies, dobsonflies, fishflies) Corydalus cornutus illustration (rotated).png

Neuropteroidea
Antliophora

Diptera (true flies) Common house fly, Musca domestica.jpg

Mecoptera (scorpionflies) Scorpionfly (white background).jpg

Boreidae (snow scorpionflies) Boreus hiemalis2 detail.jpg

Siphonaptera (fleas) Pulex irritans female ZSM (white background).jpg

Amphiesmenoptera

Trichoptera (caddisflies) RHYACOPHILA DORSALIS Male Pont Forge de Sailly Watigny 02 MHNT.jpg

Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths) Arctia villica SLU.JPG

Hymenoptera (sawflies, wasps, ants, bees) European wasp white bg.jpg


References

Paurometabola — Eumetabola link.springer.com
Kluge, Nikita J. (2004). "Larval/pupal leg transformation and a new diagnosis for the taxon Metabola Burmeister, 1832 = Oligoneoptera Martynov, 1923" (PDF). Russian Entomological Journal. 13 (4): 189–229.
Kluge, Nikita J. (2010). "Circumscriptional names of higher taxa in Hexapoda" (PDF). Bionomina. 1: 15–55. doi:10.11646/bionomina.1.1.3.
Kluge, Nikita J. (2012). "General System of Neoptera with Description of a New Species of Embioptera" (PDF). Russian Entomological Journal. 21 (4): 371–384. doi:10.15298/rusentj.21.4.03.

Insects, Fine Art Prints

Insects Images

Biology Encyclopedia

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/"
All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License

Home - Hellenica World