Typha angustifolia

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Monocots
Cladus: Commelinids
Ordo: Poales

Familia: Typhaceae
Genus: Typha
Species: Typha angustifolia
Name

Typha angustifolia L., Sp. Pl. 971 (1753).

References

Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species Plantarum. Tomus II: 971. Reference page.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Typha angustifolia in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 08-Apr-12.
FloraWeb

Vernacular names
буряад: Намаагай ургамал
català: Boga de fulla estreta
corsu: Burra cascistretta
čeština: orobinec úzkolistý
Cymraeg: Cynffon-y-gath gulddail
dansk: Smalbladet Dunhammer
Deutsch: Schmalblättriger Rohrkolben
dolnoserbski: Mjeńša rogož
English: lesser bulrush, narrowleaf cattail, lesser reedmace
español: totora, espadaña, anea, aenea, albardines, anea basta, aneas, bayón, bayunco, bohordo, bohordos delgados, bohordos enanos, cepotañas, ciscas, cuete, enea, espadaña de laguna, espadaña de mazorca, espadaña estrecha, espadaña fina, fuso, juncia, junco, moros, nea, pelusa, puros, sisca, vela de lobo
eesti: Ahtalehine hundinui
euskara: Lezka hostoestu
suomi: Kapeaosmankäämi, kapealehtiosmankäämi
français: Massette à feuilles étroites
Frysk: Lytse Tuorrebout
ગુજરાતી: ઘાબાજરીયુ
Gaelg: Bossan
hornjoserbsce: Wuska rohodź
հայերեն: Կերոն նեղատերև
Bahasa, Indonesia: Lembang (tumbuhan), Lembang
日本語: ホソバヒメガマ
lietuvių: Siauralapis švendras
norsk bokmål: smal dunkjevle
Nederlands: Kleine Lisdodde, Kleinste Lisdodde, Fijne Lisdodde, Kleine Rietsigaar
norsk nynorsk: Smalt dunkjevle, Smal dunkjevle
norsk: Smal dunkjevle
polski: pałka wąskolistna, Rogożka
русский: Рогоз узколистный
slovenčina: pálka úzkolistá
svenska: Smalkaveldun
ไทย: ธูปฤๅษี, ปรือ, หญ้าสลาบหลวง, กกธูป, เฟื้อ, กกช้าง
українська: Рогіз вузьколистий
Tiếng Việt: Hương bồ lá hẹp
中文（简体）: 水烛
中文（繁體）: 水燭
中文（臺灣）: 水燭
中文: 水烛

Typha angustifolia L. (also lesser bulrush,[3] narrowleaf cattail[4] or lesser reedmace) is a perennial herbaceous plant of genus Typha. This cattail is an "obligate wetland" species that is commonly found in the northern hemisphere in brackish locations.[5]

Description

The plant's leaves are flat, very narrow (¼"–½" wide), and 3'–6' tall when mature; 12–16 leaves arise from each vegetative shoot. At maturity, they have distinctive stalks that are about as tall as the leaves; the stalks are topped with brown, fluffy, sausage-shaped flowering heads. The plants have sturdy, rhizomatous roots that can extend 27" and are typically ¾"–1½" in diameter.[6][7]
Distribution
Typha angustifolia, habitus

It has been proposed that the species was introduced from Europe to North America.[8] In North America, it is also thought to have been introduced from coastal to inland locations.[9]

The geographic range of Typha angustifolia overlaps with the very similar species Typha latifolia (broadleaf or common cattail). T. angustifolia can be distinguished from T. latifolia by its narrower leaves and by a clear separation of two different regions (staminate flowers above and pistilate flowers below) on the flowering heads.[6] The species hybridize as Typha x glauca (Typha angustifolia x T. latifolia) (white cattail); Typha x glauca is not a distinct species, but is rather a sterile F1 hybrid.[10] Broadleaf cattail is usually found in shallower water than narrowleaf cattail.
Culinary use
See also: Typha latifolia § Uses

Several parts of the plant are edible, including during various seasons the dormant sprouts on roots and bases of leaves, the inner core of the stalk, green bloom spikes, ripe pollen, and starchy roots.[11][12] It can be prepared in the same way as Typha latifolia.[13] The edible stem is called bồn bồn in Vietnam.
References

Tropicos Typha angustifolia
The Plant List Typha angustifolia
BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 26 June 2015. Retrieved 17 October 2014.
"Typha angustifolia". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. Retrieved 12 December 2015.
"Typha angustifolia - narrow leaf cattail". Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Retrieved 16 March 2011.
Rook, Earl J. S. (26 February 2004). "Typha angustifolia: Narrow Leaf Cattail". Retrieved 13 September 2008.
"PLANTS Profile for Typha angustifolia (narrowleaf cattail)". U. S. Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 13 September 2008.
Stuckey, R. L.; Salamon, D. P. (1987). "Typha angustifolia in North America: masquerading as a native". Am. J. Bot. 74: 757.
Mills, Edward L.; Leach, Joseph H.; Carlton, James T.; Secor, Carol L. (1993). "Exotic Species in the Great Lakes: A History of Biotic Crises and Anthropogenic Introductions" (PDF). Journal of Great Lakes Research. 19 (1): 1–54. doi:10.1016/S0380-1330(93)71197-1. Retrieved 21 October 2013. "The distributional history of the narrow-leaved cattail, a brackish water species native to the Atlantic coast, is debatable. The plant is thought to have invaded inland slowly with the early canal, railroad, and highway systems. It began a rapid inland expansion in through Central New York in the first half of the 20th Century when the de-icing of highways using salt became more widespread." The link is to a preprint of the published article; see p. 46.
Selbo, Sarena M.; Snow, Allison A. (2004). "The potential for hybridization between Typha angustifolia and Typha latifolia in a constructed wetland" (PDF). Aquatic Botany. 78 (4): 361–369. doi:10.1016/j.aquabot.2004.01.003. Retrieved 21 October 2013.
Elias, Thomas S.; Dykeman, Peter A. (2009) [1982]. Edible Wild Plants. New York, NY: Sterling Publishing Co., Inc. pp. 69–70. ISBN 978-1-4027-6715-9.
"Typha angustifolia - Small reed mace". Plants for a Future. Retrieved 16 March 2011.
Elias, Thomas S.; Dykeman, Peter A. (2009) [1982]. Edible Wild Plants: A North American Field Guide to Over 200 Natural Foods. New York: Sterling. p. 69. ISBN 978-1-4027-6715-9. OCLC 244766414.