Silphium

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Asterids
Cladus: Campanulids
Ordo: Asterales

Familia: Asteraceae
Subfamilia: Asteroideae
Tribus: Heliantheae
Subtribus: Engelmanniinae
Genus: Silphium
Species: S. albiflorum – S. asteriscus – S. brachiatum – S. compositum – S. glutinosum – S. integrifolium – S. laciniatum – S. mohrii – S. perfoliatum – S. perplexum – S. radula – S. terebinthinaceum – S. wasiotense

Source(s) of checklist:

Hassler, M. 2018. Silphium. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2018. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2018 Feb. 06. Reference page.

Name

Silphium L., Sp. Pl. 919. 1 Mai 1753.

Type species: Silphium asteriscus L.

References

Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species Plantarum. Tomus II: 919. Reference page.
Clevinger, J.A. (2008). Silphium in Flora of North America. eFloras. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. [1]

Links

International Plant Names Index. 2018. Silphium. Published online. Accessed: Feb. 06 2018.
The Plant List 2013. Silphium in The Plant List Version 1.1. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2018 Feb. 06.
Tropicos.org 2018. Silphium. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2018 Feb. 06.
Hassler, M. 2018. Silphium. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2018. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2018 Feb. 06. Reference page.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Silphium in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: Silphium.
Silphium – Taxon details on National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).

Vernacular names
English: rosinweed
suomi: Kompassikukat
polski: Sylfion

Silphium is a genus of North American plants in the sunflower tribe within the daisy family.[1][2]

Members of the genus, commonly known as rosinweeds, are herbaceous perennial plants growing to 0.2 m (8 in) to more than 2.5 m (8 ft 2 in) tall, with yellow (rarely white) flowerheads that resemble sunflowers. In the rosinweeds, the outer florets in the head are fertile and the inner florets are sterile;[3] in the sunflowers, the reverse is true.[4]

The name of the genus comes from the Ancient Greek word for a North African plant whose identity has been lost, though it is known its gum or juice was prized by the ancients as a medicine and a condiment.[3]

Species

Species in the genus include:[5][3][6][7][8][9]

Silphium albiflorum A.Gray – white rosinweed – TX
Silphium asteriscus L. – starry rosinweed – TX OK LA AR MO IL IN KY TN AL MS GA FL SC NC VA WV OH MD PA NY
Silphium brachiatum Gatt. – Cumberland rosinweed – TN AL GA
Silphium compositum Michx. – kidneyleaf rosinweed – TN AL GA FL SC NC VA WV
Silphium glutinosum J.R. Allison AL
Silphium integrifolium Michx. – wholeleaf rosinweed – NM TX LA OK AR MO KS CO WY SD NE IA IL IN KY TN MS AL WI MI MA ONT
Silphium laciniatum L. – compassplant – NM TX LA OK AR MO KS CO SD NE MN IA IL IN KY TN MS AL WI MI VA PA NY ONT
Silphium laeve Hook.
Silphium mohrii Small – Mohr's rosinweed – TN AL GA
Silphium perfoliatum L. – cup plant – NM TX LA OK AR MO KS CO SD ND NE MN IA IL INKY TN MS AL WI MI NC VA DE PA NY NJ CT RI MA VT NH ME ONT QUE NB
Silphium perplexum J.R.Allison – Old Cahaba rosinweed – AL
Silphium pinnatifidum Elliott – Cutleaf prairie dock – AL GA KY TN
Silphium radula Nutt. – roughstem rosinweed – KS MO AR OK TX LA
Silphium terebinthinaceum Jacq. – prairie rosinweed, prairie dock – IA MO AR MS AL GA SC NC VA WV TN KY OH IN IL WI MI NY ONT
Silphium ternatum Sessé & Moc. – Mexico
Silphium trifoliatum L. – whorled rosinweed – AL GA IN KY MD NC SC OH PA VA WV
Silphium wasiotense M.Medley – Appalachian rosinweed – KY TN

Silphium integrifolium (rosinweed) flowers

Silphium laciniatum (compass plant) leaves

Silphium perfoliatum (cup plant) flowers in Lower Saxony, Germany

Silphium terebinthinaceum (prairie dock) leaves

Formerly included

Numerous species are now regarded as members of the genera Berlandiera and Verbesina.[5]
See also

Genus Calycadenia – the western rosinweeds

References

Linnaeus, Carl (1753). Species Plantarum (in Latin). Vol. 2. pp. 919–920.
"Silphium L.". Tropicos. Missouri Botanical Garden.
Clevinger, Jennifer A. "Silphium". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). New York and Oxford. Retrieved 2008-06-24 – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
Schilling, Edward E. (2006). "Helianthus". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 21. New York and Oxford – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
Flann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist Archived 2014-11-06 at archive.today
International Organization for Plant Information (IOPI). "Plant Name Search". International Plant Names Index. Retrieved 2008-06-24.
USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Silphium". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 2008-06-24.
"Silphium". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 2011-02-16.
"Silphium". County-level distribution maps from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014.