Saurauia

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Asterids
Ordo: Ericales

Familia: Actinidiaceae
Genus: Saurauia
Species: S. adenodonta – S. aequatoriensis – S. aguaricana – S. andreana – S. angustifolia – S. arnoldii – S. aromatica – S. aspera – S. biserrata – S. brachybotrys – S. bracteosa – S. briquetii – S. bullosa – S. buscalioniana – S. cana – S. caquetensis – S. cauliflora – S. cerea – S. chaparensis – S. chiliantha – S. chocoensis – S. choriophylla – S. comitis-rossei – S. conzattii – S. crassisepala – S. cuatrecasana – S. cuchumatanensis – S. elegans – S. erythrocarpa – S. excelsa – S. fasciculata – S. floccifera – S. formosa – S. glabra – S. griffithii – S. harlingii – S. herthae – S. homotricha – S. isoxanthotricha – S. kegeliana – S. laevigata – S. laxiflora – S. lehmannii – S. leprosa – S. leucocarpa – S. loeseneriana – S. macrantha – S. macrotricha – S. madrensis – S. magnifica – S. matudae – S. meridensis – S. mexiae – S. micayensis – S. microphylla – S. miniata – S. molinae – S. montana – S. multinervis – S. napaulensis – S. natalicia – S. nudiflora – S. omichlophila – S. oreophila – S. oroquensis – S. parviflora – S. peduncularis – S. pedunculata – S. pendula – S. peruviana – S. pittieri – S. polyneura – S. portachuelensis – S. prainiana – S. pringlei – S. pseudoleucocarpa – S. pseudostrigillosa – S. pulchra – S. punduana – S. pustulata – S. putumayonis – S. reinwardtiana – S. rubiformis – S. rubricalyx – S. rubrisepala – S. rusbyi – S. scabra – S. scabrida – S. schultesiana – S. schultzeorum – S. seibertii – S. selerorum – S. serrata – S. sinohirsuta – S. solitaria – S. spectabilis – S. spinuligera – S. squamifructa – S. stapfiana – S. striata – S. strigillosa – S. subspinosa – S. tambensis – S. thyrsiflora – S. tomentosa – S. tristyla – S. trolliana – S. ursina – S. vulcani – S. villosa – S. waldheimii – S. yasicae – S. yunnanensis – S. zahlbruckneri
Name

Saurauia Willd. Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin Neue Schriften 3: 407, t. 4. (1801) nom. cons. published as "Saurauja"

Type species: Saurauia excelsa Willd. Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin Neue Schriften 3: 407, t. 4. (1801)

Synonyms

Heterotypic
Apatelia DC. Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 1: 426. (1822) replaced Palaua Ruiz & Pav. (1794)
Apetelia DC. (1822) orth. var.
Blumea G. Don Gen. Hist. 1: 564, 573. (1831) orth. var.
Blumia Spreng. Syst. Veg. [Sprengel] 3: 12, 126. (1826) replaced Reinwardtia Blume ex Nees (1824)
Davya Moc. & Sessé ex DC. Prodr. 1: 525–526. (1824) nom. inval.
Draytonia A. Gray U.S. Expl. Exped., Phan. 15: 206, t. 15. (1854)
Leucothea Moc. & Sessé ex DC. Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 1: 419. (1822)
Marumia Reinw. Syll. Pl. Nov. 2: 11. (1828)
Marumia Reinw. ex Blume Catalogus ... 79. (1823) nom. nud.
Obelanthera Turcz. Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 20(1): 418. (1847)
Overstratia Deschamps ex R. Br. in Benn. Pl. Jav. Rar. 171. (1840) nom. nud.
Palaua Ruiz & Pav. Fl. Peruv. Prodr. 100, t. 22. (1794)
Palava Pers. Syn. Pl. 2: 91. (1806) orth. var.
Palavia Poir. Encycl. 4: 261. (1816) orth. var.
Reinwardtia Blume ex Nees Syll. Pl. Nov. 1: 96. (1824) nom. illeg.
Saurania Just's Bot. Jahresber. 25(2): 499. (1899) orth. var.
Saurauja Willd. Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin Neue Schriften 3: 407. (1801) orth. var.
Sauravia Spreng. Anleit. Kenntn. Gew. (ed. 2) 3: 818. (1818) orth. var.
Scapha Noronha Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunst. 5, ed. 1(Art. 4): 3. (1790) nom. nud.

Homonym: Scapha Edwards ex C.Johnston, 1860, Chromista

Synarrhena F.Muell. Fragm. 5: 175, in obs. (1866)
Tonshia Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 225. (1825)
Tremanthera T. Post & Kuntze fide Willis, p. 1166
Trematanthera F.Muell. Victoria Naturalist 3: 71. (1886)
Vanalphimia Lesch. ex DC. Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 1: 419. (1822)
Vanalpighmia Steud. Nomencl. Bot. (ed. 2) 2: 744. (1841)

References

Willdenow, C.L. von 1801. Der Gesellsschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin, neue Schriften 3: 407, t. 4.
Hassler, M. 2017. Saurauia. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2017. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2017 Dec. 31. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2016. Saurauia. Published online. Accessed: May 25 2016.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2016. Saurauia in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2016 May 25. Reference page.
Tropicos.org 2016. Saurauia. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2016 May 25.

Saurauia is a genus of plants in the family Actinidiaceae. It comprises about over 300 species distributed in the tropics and subtropics of Asia and South and Central America.[1][2] Genetic evidence and the cell biology of the group support monophyly of the genus.[1] Monophyly of the genus is also supported by micromorphological characters and by phylogenetic analysis, although the exact evolutionary relationships of Saurauia with the other two genera of the Actinidiaceae, Actinidia and Clematoclethra, are not well understood.[3] It is also the only extant genus within its family whose natural distribution includes areas outside of Asia (tropical South and Central America).[1]

Description

The floral characteristics of Saurauia are similar to those in the other members of the Actinidiaceae. The main floral differences between Saurauia and the other members are that the species of Saurauia have 3-5 carpels while Actinidia has 3-30 or more and Clematoclethra has 4 or 5.[4] Also, Saurauia is the only genus in the Actinidiaceae whose members may be monoecious or functionally dioecious.[1]
Fossil record

The oldest fossil records of Saurauia include characteristic seed synapomorphies of the genus that are from the late Turonian (about 89 Ma) of Central Europe. Two extinct species were established, †Saurauia alenae and †Saurauia antique, both are recorded from several assemblages in Central Europe and ranging in age from the late Turonian to the Maastrichtian.[5]
Species
Main article: List of Saurauia species

Species include:

Saurauia adenodonta Sleumer
Saurauia aequatoriensis Sprague
Saurauia aguaricana Soejarto
Saurauia avellana Elmer
Saurauia bogoriensis R.D. Hoogland
Saurauia bracteosa DC.
Saurauia cauliflora DC.
Saurauia clementis Merr.
Saurauia copelandii Elmer
Saurauia crassisepala Soejarto
Saurauia elegans (Choisy) Fern.-Vill.
Saurauia erythrocarpa C.F.Liang & Y.S.Wang
Saurauia glabra Merr.
Saurauia harlingii Soejarto
Saurauia herthae Sleumer
Saurauia klemmei Merr.
Saurauia lanceolata Ruiz & Pav.
Saurauia latibractea Choisy
Saurauia latipetala Hemsley
Saurauia laxiflora Soejarto
Saurauia lehmannii Hieron.
Saurauia leucocarpa Schlecht.
Saurauia magnifica Soejarto
Saurauia mahmudii R.D. Hoogland
Saurauia malayana Hoogl.
Saurauia merrillii Elmer
Saurauia mexiae Killip ex Soejarto
Saurauia microphylla Linden ex Lindl. & Paxton
Saurauia montana Seem.
Saurauia napaulensis DC.
Saurauia oreophila Hemsley
Saurauia papillulosa Merr.
Saurauia pentapetala (Jack) R.D.Hoogland
Saurauia polysperma (Blanco) Merr.
Saurauia pseudostrigillosa Buscal.
Saurauia punduana Wall.
Saurauia pustulata G. Hunter
Saurauia rubens Ridl.
Saurauia rubrisepala Soejarto
Saurauia scabrida Hemsley
Saurauia schultzeorum Sleumer
Saurauia seibertii Standley
Saurauia serrata DC.
Saurauia sparsiflora Elmer
Saurauia striata Soejarto
Saurauia tambensis Killip
Saurauia villosa DC.
Saurauia whitfordii Merr.

References

He, Zi-Can; Li, Jian-Qiang; Cai, Qing; Wang, Qing (2005). "The cytology of Actinidia, Saurauia, and Clematoclethra(Actinidiaceae)". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 147 (3): 369–374. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2005.00372.x.
"Saurauia Willd". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanical Gardens Kew. Retrieved 20 December 2018.
He, Zican; Zhang, Xiaoyan; Zhong, Yang; Ye, Li (2000). "Phylogenetic relationships of Actinidia and related genera based on micromorphological characters of foliar trichomes". Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution. 47 (6): 627–639. doi:10.1023/A:1026572524970.
Keller, Jennifer A.; Herendeen, Patrick S.; Crane, Peter R. (1996). "Fossil flowers and fruits of the Actinidiaceae from the Campanian (Late Cretaceous) of Georgia". American Journal of Botany. 83 (4): 528–541. doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1996.tb12733.x.
Hedges, S. Blair; Kumar, Sudhir, eds. (2009), The Timetree of Life, Oxford University Press, ISBN 9780199535033