Sarraceniaceae

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Asterids
Ordo: Ericales

Familia: Sarraceniaceae
Genera: Darlingtonia - Heliamphora - Sarracenia
Name

Sarraceniaceae Dumort. , Anal. Fam. Pl. 53. (1829), nom. cons.

Type genus: Sarracenia L., Sp. Pl. 1: 510. (1753)

References

Dumortier, B.C.J. 1829. Analyse des Familles de Plantes: avec l'indication des principaux genres qui s'y rattachent 53.
Govaerts, R. et al. . 9 in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2020 Nov.. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2020. Sarraceniaceae. Published online. Accessed: Nov. 9 2020.
Tropicos.org 2020. Sarraceniaceae. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 9 Nov. 2020.

Vernacular names
čeština: špirlicovité
suomi: Tötterökasvit
magyar: Kürtvirágfélék
日本語: サラセニア科
中文: 瓶子草科

Sarraceniaceae are a family of pitcher plants, belonging to order Ericales (previously Nepenthales).

The family comprises three extant genera: Sarracenia (North American pitcher plants), Darlingtonia (the cobra lily or California pitcher plant), and Heliamphora (sun pitchers).[1][2] The extinct Archaeamphora longicervia may also belong to this family.[3] All three are carnivorous plants that lure insects with nectar and use their elongated, tube-shaped leaves filled with water and digestive enzymes to catch and consume them. Digestive enzymes are not always produced by the plants themselves. Digestive mutualisms are common in Sarraceniaceae: both Sarracenia and Darlingtonia rely on commensal bacteria to supplement or produce all of their enzymes.[4] Many species also use downward-pointing hairs and waxy secretions to make it difficult for insects to escape.

Sarracenia and Darlingtonia are native to North America, while Heliamphora is native to South America. Previous phylogenetic analysis suggests that the family originated in South America about 47 million years ago and spread to North America soon after, about 35 million years ago.[5] The Sarracenia and Heliamphora clade diverged from Darlingtonia around this time, most likely due to a cooling event at the beginning of the Oligocene.[5] Sarracenia diverged from Heliamphora later, around 23 million years ago.[5] However, recent study found that the divergence times in Sarraceniaceae could be much older.[6][7] The family could have originated about 88 million years ago during Late Cretaceous.[6][7] The Sarracenia and Heliamphora clade could have diverged from Darlingtonia around 54 million years ago during Early Eocene.[7] Sarracenia and Heliamphora could have split around 36 million years ago during Late Eocene.[7]

These plants grow in nutrient-poor, often acidic soil and use the insects as a nutritional supplement. As such, growth of carnivorous pitchers is plastic: as soil nitrogen increases, Sarracenia produces fewer pitchers.[8] The pitchers originate from a rhizome and die back during the winter dormancy. Plants of the genus Sarracenia occur mostly in Sphagnum bogs.

Most Sarraceniaceae have tall, narrow pitchers that are vertical or nearly so. Sarracenia purpurea, however, has short, squat, bulbous pitchers close to the ground, and Sarracenia psittacina has pitchers that grow horizontally.

The purple pitcher plant (Sarracenia purpurea) is the official flower of Newfoundland and Labrador.

References
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sarraceniaceae.

McPherson, S.; Schnell, D. (2011). Sarraceniaceae of North America. Poole: Redfern Natural History. ISBN 978-0-9558918-6-1.
McPherson, S.; Wistuba, A.; Fleischmann, A.; Nerz, J. (2011). Sarraceniaceae of South America. Poole: Redfern Natural History. ISBN 9780955891878.
Li, H. (2005). "Early Cretaceous sarraceniacean-like pitcher plants from China". Acta Bot. Gallica. 152 (2): 227–234. doi:10.1080/12538078.2005.10515473. S2CID 85000922.
Anderson, B.; Midgley, J.J. (2003). "Digestive mutualism, an alternate pathway in plant carnivory". Oikos. 102: 221–4. doi:10.1034/j.1600-0706.2003.12478.x.
Ellison, A.M.; Butler, E.D.; Hicks, E.J.; Naczi, R.F.C.; Calie, P.J.; Bell, C.D.; Davis, C.C. (2012). "Phylogeny and biogeography of the carnivorous plant family Sarraceniaceae". PLOS ONE. 7 (6): e39291. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...739291E. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0039291. PMC 3374786. PMID 22720090.
Magallón, Susana; Gómez-Acevedo, Sandra; Sánchez-Reyes, Luna L.; Hernández-Hernández, Tania (2015). "A metacalibrated time-tree documents the early rise of flowering plant phylogenetic diversity". New Phytologist. 207 (2): 437–453. doi:10.1111/nph.13264. ISSN 1469-8137. PMID 25615647.
Liu, Sukuan; Smith, Stacey D. (2021-01-01). "Phylogeny and biogeography of South American marsh pitcher plant genus Heliamphora (Sarraceniaceae) endemic to the Guiana Highlands". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 154: 106961. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106961. ISSN 1055-7903. PMID 32956799. S2CID 221844433.

Ellison, A.M.; Gotelli, N.J. (2002). "Nitrogen availability alters the expression of carnivory in the northern pitcher plant, Sarracenia purpurea". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (7): 4409–12. Bibcode:2002PNAS...99.4409E. doi:10.1073/pnas.022057199. PMC 123661. PMID 11904363.

Watson, L.; Dallwitz, M.J. (1992–2019). "Sarraceniaceae". The families of flowering plants.
D’Amato, Peter (1998). The Savage Garden: Cultivating Carnivorous Plants. Berkeley. ISBN 0-89815-915-6.