Protium

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Rosids
Cladus: Eurosids II
Ordo: Sapindales

Familia: Burseraceae
Genus: Protium
Species: P. acrense – P. aguilarii – P. aidanianum – P. altissimum – P. altsonii – P. alvarezianum – P. amazonicum – P. amplum – P. apiculatum – P. aracouchini – P. araguense – P. atlanticum – P. attenuatum – P. bahianum – P. balsamiferum – P. bangii – P. baracoense – P. beandou – P. boomii – P. brasiliense – P. brenesii – P. breviacuminatum – P. buenaventurense – P. calanense – P. calendulinum – P. carana – P. carnosum – P. carolense – P. cerradicola – P. colombianum – P. confusum – P. connarifolium – P. copal – P. cordatum – P. coriaceum – P. costaricense – P. cranipyrenum – P. crassipetalum – P. crenatum – P. cubense – P. cundinamarcense – P. cuneatum – P. cuneifolium – P. dawsonii – P. decandrum – P. decorum – P. demerarense – P. divaricatum – P. ecuadorense – P. elegans – P. ferrugineum – P. fragrans – P. gallicum – P. gallosum – P. giganteum – P. glabrescens – P. glabrum – P. glaucescens – P. glaucum – P. glaziovii – P. glomerulosum – P. goudotianum – P. grandifolium – P. guacayanum – P. guianense – P. hammelii – P. heptaphyllum – P. icicariba – P. inodorum – P. javanicum – P. kleinii – P. klugii – P. krukoffii – P. laxiflorum – P. leptostachyum – P. llanorum – P. lucidum – P. macgregorii – P. macrocarpum – P. macrophyllum – P. macrosepalum – P. madagascariense – P. maestrense – P. mcleodii – P. melinonis – P. meridionale – P. minutiflorum – P. montanum – P. morii – P. mucronatum – P. multijugum – P. multiramiflorum – P. nervosum – P. nitidifolium – P. nodulosum – P. obtusifolium – P. occhionii – P. occultum – P. opacum – P. osseum – P. ovatum – P. pallidum – P. panamense – P. paniculatum – P. pecuniosum – P. peruvianum – P. pilosellum – P. pilosissimum – P. pilosum – P. pittieri – P. plagiocarpium – P. polybotryum – P. prancei – P. pristifolium – P. ptarianum – P. pullei – P. puncticulatum – P. ravenii – P. reticulatum – P. retusum – P. rhoifolium – P. rhynchophyllum – P. robustum – P. rubrum – P. sagotianum – P. santamariae – P. serratum – P. spruceanum – P. stevensonii – P. strumosum – P. subacuminatum – P. subserratum – P. surinamense – P. tenuifolium – P. tonkinense – P. tovarense – P. trifoliolatum – P. unifoliolatum – P. urophyllidium – P. varians – P. veneralense – P. vestitum – P. warmingianum – P. widgrenii – P. yanachagae – P. yunnanense
Name

Protium Burm.f., Fl. Ind. (N. L. Burman) 88. (1768)

Type species: Protium javanicum Burm.f., Fl. Ind. (N. L. Burman) 88. (1768)

Synonyms

Heterotypic
Caproxylon Tussac
Crepidospermum Hook.f.
Dammara Gaertn.
Hedwigia Sw.
Hemicrepidospermum Swart
Icica Aubl.
Icicopsis Engl.
Knorrea DC.
Managa Aubl.
Marignia Comm. ex Kunth
Paraprotium Cuatrec.
Schwaegrichenia Rchb.
Tetragastris Gaertn.
Tingulonga Rumph. ex Kuntze

Note: There are significant differences in circumscriptions between; Daly & Fine (2018}, Govaerts et al. (2021), Hassler (2021) & Tropicos (2021) mainly based around former Tetragastris.
References

Burman, N.L., 1768. Flora Indica . . . nec non Prodromus Florae Capensis 88.

Additional references

Christenhusz, M.J.M., Fay, M.F. & Byng, J.W. (eds). 2018. The Global Flora, Vol. 4: Special Edition, GLOVAP Nomenclature Part 1. Plant Gateway Ltd., Bradford. ISBN 978-0-9929993-9-1 PDF Reference page.
Daly, D.C. & Fine, P.V. 2018. Generic limits re-visited and an updated sectional classification for Protium (tribe Protieae). Studies in Neotropical Burseraceae XXV. Brittonia 70(4): 418-426. DOI: 10.1007/s12228-018-9533-5 Paywall Reference page.
Daly, D.C. 2020. New species of Protium sect. Tetragastris from the Andes, the Brazilian Cerrado, and Amazonia. Studies in Neotropical Burseraceae XXVIII. Brittonia 72(3): 290-302. DOI: 10.1007/s12228-020-09616-x Paywall Reference page.

Links

Hassler, M. 2019. Protium. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2019. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2019 Jul. 13. Reference page.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2019. Protium in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2019 Jul. 13. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2019. Protium. Published online. Accessed: Jul 13 2019.
Tropicos.org 2019. Protium. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2019 Jul 13.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Protium in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 09-Oct-10.

Protium is a genus of more than 140 species of flowering plants in the family Burseraceae. It is native to the Neotropics (where around 175 species have been found), Madagascar, Papua New Guinea,, Indonesia and southern Asia from Pakistan east to Vietnam.[1] The genus had been included in Bursera, but is distinct, being most closely related to Crepidospermum and Tetragastris.[2]

The species are usually small or medium-sized trees, but some can be large, up to 35 m (115 ft) tall. In their native range, some species are grown for timber, used as firewood, as medicinal plants, for their fruit, their resin (Copal) or in other cultural contexts.
Selected species

Protium almecega March.
Protium apiculatum Sw.
Protium aracouchini
Protium asperum
Protium attenuatum
Protium connarifolium
Protium copal
Protium correae
Protium decandrum
Protium elegans
Protium gigantium
Protium guianense
Protium hebetatum Daly[3]
Protium heptaphyllum Mart.[4]
Protium icicariba (= Icica icicariba)
Protium inconforme
Protium obtusifolium (Lam.) Marchand (= Dammara graveolens)
Protium panamense
Protium pittieri
Protium serratum
Protium widgrenii Engl.

Uses

Caranna, medicinal gum

References

Daly, Douglas Charles de Burgh; Fine, Paul Van Antwerp; Martínez-Habibe, María Cristina (March 2012). "Burseraceae: a model for studying the Amazon flora". Rodriguésia. 63 (1): 021–030. doi:10.1590/s2175-78602012000100002. ISSN 2175-7860.
Douglas Charles de Burgh Daly; Paul Van Antwerp Fine; María Cristina Martínez-Habibe (January–March 2012). "Burseraceae: a model for studying the Amazon flora". Rodriguésia. 63 (1): 021–030. doi:10.1590/S2175-78602012000100002.
Douglas C. Daly (2018). "Notes on the Burseraceae in central Amazonia, including four new taxa. Studies in neotropical Burseraceae XXVI". Brittonia. 70 (4): 427–444. doi:10.1007/s12228-018-9537-1. S2CID 52123286.

Delcio Dias Marquesi; Rogério Antônio Sartori; Telma Leda Gomes Lemosi; Luciana Lucas Machado; João Sammy Nery de Souza; Francisco José Queiroz Monte (March 2010). "Chemical composition of the essential oils from two subspecies of Protium heptaphyllum". Acta Amazonica. 40: 227–230. doi:10.1590/S0044-59672010000100029.

Flora of Pakistan (treats species in the genus Bursera)