Podostemaceae

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Rosids
Cladus: Eurosids I
Ordo: Malpighiales

Familia: Podostemaceae
Subfamiliae: Podostemoideae – Tristichoideae – Weddellinoideae

Genera: Angolaea – Apinagia – Autana – Castelnavia – Ceratolacis – Cipoia – Cladopus – Ctenobryum – Cussetia – Dalzellia – Diamantina – Dicraeanthus – Diplobryum – Djinga – Endocaulos – Farmeria – Hanseniella – Hydrobryum – Hydrodiscus – Indodalzellia – Indotristicha – Inversodicraea – Jenmaniella – Lebbiea – Ledermanniella – Leiothylax – Letestuella – Lophogyne – Macarenia – Macropodiella – Marathrum – Mourera – Noveloa – Oserya – Paleodicraeia – Paracladopus – Podostemum – Polypleurum – Rhyncholacis – Saxicolella – Sphaerothylax – Stonesia – Terniopsis – Thawatchaia – Thelethylax – Tristicha – Weddellina – Wettsteiniola – Willisia – Winklerella – Zehnderia – Zeylanidium
Name

Podostemaceae Rich. ex Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 1: ed. 4: 246. (1816), nom. cons.

Type genus: Podostemum Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. (Michaux) 2: 164, t. 44. (1803)

Synonyms

Heterotypic
Marathraceae Dumort., Anal. Fam. Pl.: 60, 62. (1829)
Philocrenaceae Bong., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Pétersboug, ser. 6, Math. Nat. 3(2): 87. 13 (Jun–13 Jul 1834)
Tristichaceae Willis, J. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. 43: 51. (15 Mai 1915}

References
Primary references

Richard, L.C.M. 1816. Nova Genera et Species Plantarum 1: ed. 4: 246.

Additional references

Engler, A. 1930. in Engler, A. & Prantl, K., Die naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien ed. 2, 18a : 1-68, 483-484.
Kita, Y. & Kato, M. 2001. Infrafamilial phylogeny of the aquatic angiosperm Podostemaceae inferred from the nucleotide sequences of the matK gene. Plant Biology 3(02): 156-163. DOI: 10.1055/s-2001-12895 Open access Reference page.
Koi, S., Kita, Y., Hirayama, Y., Rutishauser, R., Huber, K.A. & Kato, M. 2012. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of Podostemaceae: implications for taxonomy of major groups. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 169(3): 461-492. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8339.2012.01258.x Open access Reference page.
Philbrick, C.T., Malecki, J., Tippery, N.P. & Stevens, H.I. 2011. A new genus of Podostemaceae from Venezuela. Novon: A Journal for Botanical Nomenclature 21(4): 475-480. DOI: 10.3417/2010051 Paywall Reference page.
Reveal, J.L. 2012. An outline of a classification scheme for extant flowering plants. Phytoneuron 2012-37: 1–221. Full text PDF Reference page.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2020. Podostemaceae in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2020 Apr. 16. Reference page.
Hassler, M. 2020. Podostemaceae. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2020. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2020 Apr. 20. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2019. Podostemaceae. Published online. Accessed: Oct. 16 2019.
Stevens, P.F. 2001 onwards. Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 14, July 2017 [and more or less continuously updated since]. Online. Reference page.

Vernacular names
English: Riverweed family
日本語: カワゴケソウ科
中文: 川苔草科

Podostemaceae (riverweed family), a family in the order Malpighiales, comprise about 50 genera and ca 300 species[2] of more or less thalloid aquatic herbs. Riverweeds adhere to hard surfaces (generally rock) in rapids and waterfalls of rivers. They are found mostly in tropical and subtropical areas worldwide.[3] Many species are found in a very small geographic area, often even just a single river or waterfall.[4][5] Because of their small range, many species are seriously threatened, especially from habitat loss (for example, due to dams flooding their habitat).[5][6] Riverweeds are submerged when water levels are high, but during the dry season they live a terrestrial existence, flowering at this time. Their root anatomy is specialized for the purpose of clinging to rocks, and in fact details of the root structure are one of the ways of classifying riverweeds.[7]
The Caño Cristales river in Colombia is famous for the bright red Macarenia clavigera, a species only found in Serranía de la Macarena[8]

The Podostemaceae are related to the families Clusiaceae, Hypericaceae (the St. John's wort family, which is sometimes treated as a subfamily of Clusiaceae), and Bonnetiaceae.[9][10] In the classification system of Dahlgren Podostemaceae were placed as a single family in the Podostemales order, which was the only order in the superorder Podostemiflorae (also called Podostemanae).

In many rivers, Podostemaceae are an important food source for a wide range of animals. For example, the tadpoles of the African goliath frog (world's largest frog) feed only on Dicraeia warmingii,[11] and in South America several serrasalmid fish (Mylesinus, Ossubtus, Tometes and Utiaritichthys) mainly feed on Podostemaceae.[12]

Genera

Angolaea
Apinagia
Butumia
Castelnavia
Ceratolacis
Cipoia
Cladopus
Dalzellia
Devillea
Diamantina
Dicraeanthus
Dicraeia
Diplobryum
Djinga
Endocaulos
Farmeria
Griffithella
Heterotristicha
Hydrobryum
Indotristicha
Jenmaniella
Lebbiea[13]
Ledermanniella
Leiothylax
Letestuella
Lonchostephus
Lophogyne
Macarenia
Macropodiella
Malaccotristicha
Marathrum
Mniopsis
Monostylis
Mourera
Oserya
Paleodicraeia
Podostemum
Pohliella
Polypleurella
Polypleurum
Rhyncholacis
Saxicolella
Sphaerothylax
Stonesia
Thelethylax
Tristicha
Tulasneantha
Vanroyenella
Weddellina
Wettsteiniola
Willisia
Winklerella
Zehnderia
Zeylanidium

Moved to other families

Hydrostachys from Madagascar. This genus seems to have relatively little in common with any other, and no affinity to the Podostemaceae except being aquatic; moved to its own family in the Cornales.

See also

Eugenius Warming, a botanist who studied the family

References

Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III" (PDF). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 161 (2): 105–121. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x. Retrieved 2013-07-06.
Christenhusz, M. J. M.; Byng, J. W. (2016). "The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase". Phytotaxa. 261 (3): 201–217. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1.
"Podostemales". Encyclopædia Britannica Online.[permanent dead link]
"Podostemaceae". Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Zurich. Archived from the original on 2007-07-03.
Bove, C.P.; and C.T. Philbrick (2014). "Rediscovery of a Neotropical rheophyte (Podostemaceae) after 160 years: Implications for the location of conservation unit boundaries (Tocantins, Brazil)". Check List. 10 (5): 1170–1173. doi:10.15560/10.5.1170.
Hettiarachchi, K.; and S. Daniel (7 August 2011). "Now vital aquatic plants face similar fate as fish". The Sunday Times. Retrieved 4 November 2017.
Satoshi Koi; Rieko Fujinami; Namiko Kubo; Ikue Tsukamoto; Rie Inagawa; Ryoko Imaichi; Masahiro Kato (2006). "Comparative anatomy of root meristem and root cap in some species of Podostemaceae and the evolution of root dorsiventrality". American Journal of Botany. 93 (5): 682–692. doi:10.3732/ajb.93.5.682. PMID 21642132.
"Macarenia clavigera" (in Spanish). El Acuario. Retrieved 4 November 2017.
Gustafsson, Mats H. G. (2002). "Phylogeny of Clusiaceae Based on rbcL sequences". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 163 (6): 1045–1054. doi:10.1086/342521. JSTOR 3080291. S2CID 85307271.
"Malpighiales". Angiosperm Phylogeny Website.
"Conraua goliath". AmphibiaWeb. Retrieved 4 November 2017.
van der Sleen, P.; J.S. Albert, eds. (2017). Field Guide to the Fishes of the Amazon, Orinoco, and Guianas. Princeton University Press. pp. 173–196. ISBN 978-0691170749.
"Lebbiea (Podostemaceae-Podostemoideae), a new, nearly extinct genus with foliose tepals, in Sierra Leone." Cheek, M. PLOS One, 5 October 2018 (retrieved December 2018)