Pittosporum

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Asterids
Cladus: Campanulids
Ordo: Apiales

Familia: Pittosporaceae
Genus: Pittosporum
Sectiones: P. sect. Basiplacentum – P. sect. Pittosporum
Species: P. abyssinicum – P. aliferum – P. ambrense – P. anamallayense – P. aneityense – P. anggiense – P. angustifolium – P. angustilimbum – P. anomalum – P. arborescens – P. argentifolium – P. artense – P. balansae – P. balfourii – P. baudouinii – P. berberidoides – P. bernardii – P. bicolor – P. boninense – P. bouletii – P. brackenridgei – P. bracteolatum – P. brevicalyx – P. brevispinum – P. buchananii – P. bullatoferrugineum – P. cacondense – P. campbellii – P. ceylanicum – P. cherrieri – P. coccineum – P. colensoi – P. collinum – P. confertiflorum – P. coriaceum – P. cornifolium – P. crassicaule – P. crassifolium – P. cravenianum – P. crispulum – P. croceum – P. dallii – P. daphniphylloides – P. dasycaulon – P. densiflorum – P. deplanchei – P. divaricatum – P. dzumacense – P. echinatum – P. elevaticostatum – P. ellipticum – P. eriocarpum – P. erioloma – P. eugenioides – P. fairchildii – P. fasciculatum – P. ferrugineum – P. flocculosum – P. fulvipilosum – P. fulvotomentosum – P. gagnepainianum – P. gagnepainii – P. gatopense – P. gayanum – P. glabratum – P. glabrum – P. goetzei – P. gracile – P. halophilum – P. hawaiiense – P. heckelii – P. hematomallum – P. henryi – P. heterophyllum – P. hosmeri – P. humbertii – P. humile – P. huttonianum – P. illicioides – P. inopinatum – P. johnstonianum – P. kaalense – P. karnatakense – P. kauaiense – P. kerrii – P. kirkii – P. koghiense – P. kunmingense – P. kwangsiense – P. kweichowense – P. lancifolium – P. lanipetalum – P. lenticellatum – P. leptosepalum – P. leratii – P. leroyanum – P. letocartiorum – P. ligustrifolium – P. lineare – P. linearifolium – P. longisepalum – P. loniceroides – P. luteum – P. mackeei – P. macrosepalum – P. maireaui – P. malaxanii – P. merrillianum – P. michiei – P. mildbraedii – P. moluccanum – P. morierei – P. multiflorum – P. muricatum – P. napaliense – P. napaulense – P. naruaiao – P. neelgherrense – P. oblongilimbum – P. obovatum – P. ochrosiifolium – P. oligodontum – P. oligophlebium – P. omeiense – P. oreillyanum – P. oreophilum – P. ornatum – P. orohenense – P. oubatchense – P. pachyphyllum – P. pancheri – P. pangalanense – P. paniculatum – P. paniculiferum – P. paniense – P. parvicapsulare – P. parvifolium – P. parvilimbum – P. patulum – P. pauciflorum – P. pentandrum – P. perahuense – P. perglabratum – P. peridoticola – P. perryanum – P. pervillei – P. phillyreoides – P. pickeringii – P. pimeleoides – P. planilobum – P. podocarpum – P. polyspermum – P. poueboense – P. poumense – P. praedictum – P. pronyense – P. pulchrum – P. pullifolium – P. pumilum – P. purpureum – P. qinlingense – P. raivavaeense – P. ralphii – P. ramiflorum – P. ramosii – P. rangitahua – P. rapense – P. rarotongense – P. reflexisepalum – P. rehderianum – P. resiniferum – P. reticosum – P. revolutum – P. rhytidocarpum – P. ridleyi – P. rigidum – P. roimata – P. rubiginosum – P. salicifolium – P. samoense – P. saxicola – P. scythophyllum – P. senacia – P. serpentinum – P. sessilifolium – P. silamense – P. simsonii – P. sinuatum – P. spinescens – P. spissescens – P. stenopetalum – P. suatinum – P. subulisepalum – P. sylvaticum – P. taitense – P. takauele – P. tanianum – P. tenuifolium – P. tenuivalvatum – P. tenuivalve – P. terminalioides – P. tetraspermum – P. tinifolium – P. tobira – P. tonkinense – P. trigonocarpum – P. trilobum – P. truncatum – P. tubiflorum – P. turneri – P. umbellatum – P. undulatifolium – P. undulatum – P. venulosum – P. verrucosum – P. viburnifolium – P. virgatum – P. viridiflorum – P. viridulum – P. viscidum – P. xanthanthum – P. xenicum – P. xylocarpum – P. yunckerii
Nothospecies: P. × intermedium – P. × monae – P. x obcordatum
Paleospecies: †P. ettingshausenii

Source(s) of checklist:
Name

Pittosporum Banks & Sol. ex Gaertn., Fruct. Sem. Pl. 1: 286, t.59. (1788)

Type species: Pittosporum tenuifolium Gaertn. (1788)

Synonyms

Heterotypic
Citriobatus A.Cunn. & Putt.
Cylbanida Noronha ex Tul.
Glyaspermum Zoll. & Moritzi
Ixiosporum F.Muell.
Pittosporoides Sol. ex Gaertn.
Pseuditea Hassk.
Quinsonia Montrouz.
Schoutensia Endl.
Senacia Comm. ex DC.
Tobira Adans. Fam. Pl. 2: 449. (1763)

References
Primary references

Banks, J. & Solander, D.C. in Gaertner, J. 1788. De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum: accedunt seminum centuriae quinque priores cum tabulis Aeneis LXXIX. Stutgardiae, Tubingae 1: 286, t.59.

Additional references

Cayzer, L.W., Crisp, M.D. & Telford, I.R.H. 2000. Revision of Pittosporum (Pittosporaceae) in Australia. Australian Systematic Botany 13(6): 845–902. DOI: 10.1071/SB99021 Reference page.
Cooper, R.C. 1956. The Australian and New Zealand species of Pittosporum. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 43(2): 87–188. JSTOR Reference page.
de Lange, P.J., Norton, D.A., Courtney, S.P., Heenan, P.B., Barkla, J.W., Cameron, E.K., Hitchmough, R. & Townsend, A.J. 2009. Threatened and uncommon plants of New Zealand (2008 revision). New Zealand Journal of Botany 47(1): 61-96. DOI: 10.1080/00288250909509794 Open access Reference page.
Doweld, A.B. 2021. New names in Pittosporum, extant and fossil (Pittosporaceae). Phytotaxa 498(4): 298–300. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.498.4.9 Paywall Reference page.
Utteridge, T.M.A. 2000. The subalpine members of Pittosporum (Pittosporaceae) from Mt Jaya, New Guinea. Contributions to the Flora of Mt Jaya, II . Kew Bulletin 55: 699–710. JSTOR

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2020. Pittosporum in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2020 Nov. 28. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2016. Pittosporum. Published online. Accessed: Nov. 3 2016.

Vernacular names
Deutsch: Klebsamen
Ελληνικά: Αγγελικούλα
English: Cheesewood
suomi: Kielopuut
italiano: Pittosporo, Pitosforo
日本語: トベラ属

Pittosporum (/pɪˈtɒspərəm/[1] or /ˌpɪtəˈspɔːrəm, -toʊ-/[2][3]) is a genus of about 200 species of flowering plants in the family Pittosporaceae. The genus is probably Gondwanan in origin; its present range extends from Australasia, Oceania, eastern Asia and some parts of Africa. Citriobatus can be included here, but might be a distinct (though closely related) genus.[4] They are commonly known as pittosporums or, more ambiguously, cheesewoods.

The species are trees and shrubs growing to 2–30 m tall. The leaves are spirally arranged or whorled, simple, with an entire or waved (rarely lobed) margin. The flowers are produced singly or in umbels or corymbs, each flower with five sepals and five petals; they are often sweetly scented. The fruit is a woody seed capsule, which bursts on ripening to release the numerous seeds. The seeds are coated with a sticky resinous substance. The genus is named after their sticky seeds, from the Greek meaning "pitch-seed".

Tarata (P. eugenioides) and kohuhu (P. tenuifolium) – both from New Zealand – and the Japanese cheesewood (P. tobira) from southern Japan are widely cultivated as ornamental plants in subtropical regions; pittosporums can also be grown indoors as bonsai. The petroleum nut (P. resiniferum) yields petroleum nut oil, which is sometimes proposed as biofuel; due to its excessive n-heptane content and consequent low octane rating, it is better suited as a source of n-heptane, which is otherwise produced from crude oil.

Many herbivores detest the resinous pittosporums, in particular their seeds, which will stick anywhere. But some animals eat them with relish, for example the kea (Nestor notabilis), which likes P. anomalum fruit and seeds. The cottony cushion scale (Icerya purchasi) is a common pest on ornamental pittosporums (in particular the New Zealand species); the sac fungus Nectriella pironii often infects Japanese cheesewood.
Selected species
Pittosporum moluccanum
Fruiting branch of weeping pittosporum (Pittosporum phillyreoides)
Japanese Cheesewood -- Pittosporum tobira

Pittosporum aliferum Tirel & Veillon
Pittosporum angustifolium
Pittosporum anomalum Laing & Gourlay
Pittosporum arborescens Rich. ex A. Gray
Pittosporum argentifolium Sherff – hōʻawa
Pittosporum artense Guillaumin
Pittosporum bicolor
Pittosporum bracteolatum
Pittosporum brevispinum
Pittosporum ceylanicum
Pittosporum collinum
Pittosporum confertiflorum A.Gray – hōʻawa (Hawaii)[5]
Pittosporum coriaceum
Pittosporum cornifolium – tāwhiri karo
Pittosporum crassifolium – karo
Pittosporum dallii
Pittosporum daphniphylloides
Pittosporum dasycaulon
Pittosporum divaricatum
Pittosporum ellipticum
Pittosporum ellipticum subsp. serpentinum
Pittosporum eriocarpum
Pittosporum erioloma
Pittosporum eugenioides A. Cunn. – tarata, lemonwood (New Zealand)
Pittosporum fairchildii
Pittosporum ferrugineum
Pittosporum gatopense
Pittosporum glabrum – hōʻawa
Pittosporum goetzei
Pittosporum gomonenense
Pittosporum heterophyllum
Pittosporum illicioides
Pittosporum kirkii – Kirk's pittosporum, Kirk's kōhūhū, thick-leaved kohukohu
Pittosporum lancifolium
Pittosporum ligustrifolium
Pittosporum linearifolium
Pittosporum mackeei Tirel & Veillon (Ponérihouen area of New Caledonia)
Pittosporum moluccanum
Pittosporum multiflorum
Pittosporum muricatum
Pittosporum napaliense
Pittosporum nativitatis
Pittosporum obcordatum – heart-leaved kohuhu
Pittosporum oreillyanum – O'Reilly's pittosporum
Pittosporum ornatum
Pittosporum orohenense
Pittosporum paniense
Pittosporum parvifolium
Pittosporum patulum
Pittosporum pauciflorum
Pittosporum pentandrum
Pittosporum phillyreoides – weeping pittosporum, willow pittosporum, butterbush, native apricot
Pittosporum pickeringii
Pittosporum raivavaeense
Pittosporum rapense
Pittosporum rarotongense
Pittosporum resiniferum – petroleum nut
Pittosporum revolutum – rough-fruited pittosporum, wild yellow jasmine, yellow pittosporum, Brisbane laurel
Pittosporum rhombifolium (now Auranticarpa rhombifolia) – Queensland pittosporum, diamond pittosporum, Hollywood
Pittosporum rhytidocarpum
Pittosporum rubiginosum
Pittosporum senacia
Pittosporum silamense
Pittosporum spinescens
Pittosporum stenophyllum
Pittosporum taitense
Pittosporum tanianum
Pittosporum tenuifolium – kōhūhū, kohukohu, black matipo (New Zealand)
Pittosporum terminalioides
Pittosporum tobira (Murray) Aiton fil. – Japanese cheesewood, Japanese mock orange (Japan, China, and Korea)
Pittosporum trilobum
Pittosporum turneri
Pittosporum undulatum – sweet pittosporum, Australian cheesewood, native daphne, mock orange (east coast of Australia)
Pittosporum venulosum F.Muell.
Pittosporum virgatum
Pittosporum viridulatum
Pittosporum viridiflorum
Pittosporum viscidum
Pittosporum wingii
Pittosporum yunckeri A.C.Sm.

References

"Pittosporum". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Retrieved 2016-01-22.
The first pronunciation is that expected for Anglo-Latin; the second is common in nurseries. Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607
"Pittosporum". Dictionary.com Unabridged (Online). n.d. Retrieved 2016-01-22.
The Plant List: Citriobatus (retrieved 20/11/2017)
Little Jr., Elbert L.; Roger G. Skolmen (1989). "Hōʻawa" (PDF). Common Forest Trees of Hawaii (Native and Introduced). United States Forest Service. Retrieved 2010-02-07.